Life Cycle Analysis to evaluate the productive chain of fish consumed in the Bahia State (Brazil).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n4p791Keywords:
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Greenhouse Gases (GHG), food delivery, aquacultureAbstract
We evaluated the productive chain of fish consumed in the State of Bahia using Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We estimated the inputs and outputs from logistics and fish processing. For every kg of processed and transported fish we calculated the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on the amount of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) given in kg of CO2eq, as follows: 0.020 í electricity; 0.003 í water consumption; 0.002 í wastewater; 0.160 and 1.495 í waste from the gutted and filleted fish, respectively; 0.871 and 1.007 í refrigerated transportation of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. The sum of GHG emissions were 1.058 and 2.592 kg of CO2eq per kg of gutted and filleted fish, respectively. LCA results indicate that it is possible to reduce the GWP associated with refrigerated transportation by increasing local fish production and decreasing importation, especially given the available water potential of Bahia. However, to achieve a sustainable production it is imperative to adopt and also develop technologies that promote environmental impact reduction from solid residues.
References
BOSCOLO, W.R.; HAYASHI C.; SOARES, C.M.; FURUYA, W.M.; MEURER, F. 2001 Desempenho e características de carcaça de machos revertidos de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), linhagens tailandesa e comum, nas fases inicial e de crescimento. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 30(5): 1391-1396.
BRASIL. 2010 Exportações e Importações Brasileiras de Pescado (relatório de Dezembro 2009). Conselho Nacional de Pesca e Aquicultura. Available from: http://www.conepe.org.br/index.php/estatisticas.
BRASIL. 2011. Boletim Estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura 2010. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. Available from: http://www.conepe.org.br/index.php/estatisticas.
FAO. 2014. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome. 223.
FLAHERTY, M. e KARNJANAKESORN, C. 1995 Marine shrimp aquaculture and natural resource degradation in Thailand. Environmental Management, 19(1): 27-37.
GONZÁLEZ, A.D., FROSTELL, B., CARLSSON-KANYAMA, A. 2011 Protein efficiency per unit energy and per unit greenhouse gas emissions: Potential contribution of diet choices to climate change mitigation. Food Policy, 36: 562í 570.
HENRIKSSON P.J.G., HEIJUNGS R., DAO H.M., PHAN L.T., DE SNOO G.R., GUINÉE J.B. 2015. Product Carbon Footprints and Their Uncertainties in Comparative Decision Contexts. PLoS ONE, 10(3): e0121221.
ISO - International Organization for Standardization. 2006. ISO 14044: Environmental managements - life cycle assessments í requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva.
KAUTSKY, N., Rí–NNBí"žCK, P., TEDENGREN, M., TROELL, M. 2000 Ecosystem perspectives on management of disease in shrimp pond farming. Aquaculture, 191: 145-161.
KIMPARA, J.M., ZADJBAND, A.D., VALENTI, W.C. 2010 Medindo a sustentabilidade na aquicultura. Boletim Ablimno, 38: 1í 13.
KUBITZA F.E. e CAMPOS, J. L. 2006 O Aproveitamento do subproduto do pescado. Panorama da aquicultura, 16(94) : 23-29.
KUMMER, A.N.A.C.B., ANDRADE, L.D.E., GOMES, S.D., FAZOLO, A., HASAN, S.D.M., MACHADO, F. 2011 Tratamento de Efluente de Abatedouro de Tilápia com Adição de Manipueira na Fase Anóxica. Engenharia Agrícola, 31(1): 150í 157.
LE, T.X. e MUNEKAGE, Y. 2004 Residues of selected antibiotics in water and mud from shrimp ponds in mangrove areas in Viet Nam. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 49, 922-929.
MORENO-RUIZ E., LÉVOVÁ T., BOURGAULT G., WERNET G. 2015. Documentation of changes implemented in ecoinvent database 3.2. Ecoinvent Centre, Zürich, Switzerland.
PAPATRYPHON E., PETIT J., KAUSHIK S.J., VAN DER WERF H.M.G. 2004 Environmental Impact Assessment of Salmonid Feeds Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Ambio, 33: 316í 323.
PENA, A.M.C. 2012 Sustentabilidade Ambiental da Alimentação Humana [Internet]. Revisão Temática. Universidade do Porto. [cited 2015 Jul 30]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/68837.
PRIMAVERA, H. 1993 A critical review of shrimp pond farming in the Philippines. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1: 151-201.
ROCHA C.R., BAJAY S.V., GORLA F.D. 2010 Oportunidades de eficiência energética para a Indústria: relatório setorial: alimentos e bebidas. Brasília. 58 p.
SHIROTA, R., O.B.A., L.C., YOKOYAMA, S. 2000 Estudo dos Aspectos Econômicos das Processadoras de Peixe Provenientes da Piscicultura. III Simpósio Sobre Recursos Naturais E Sócio-Econômicos Do Pantanal Os Desafios Do Novo Milênio. 1í 24.
SOUZA, M.A., VIDOTTI, R.M., NETO, A.L.O. 2008 Redução no Consumo de Efluente Gerado em Abatedouro de Tilápia do Nilo Através da Implantação de Conceitos de Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 289í 296.
STEVANATO, F.B., SOUZA, N.E., MATSUSHITA, M., VISENTAINER, J.V. 2007 Aproveitamento de resíduos, valor nutricional e avaliação da degradação de pescado. Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 1(7): 1-6.
STORI, F.T., BONILHA, L.E.C., BARREIROS, M.A., LACAVA, L., PESSATTI, M.L. 2006 The Organic Solid Residues of Fish Processing Industries in Santa Catarina Brazil: Production Scenaries and Technologies. Journal of Coastal Research, 39: 1793í 1797.
THRANE, M., NIELSEN, E.H., CHRISTENSEN, P. 2009 Cleaner production in Danish fish processing í experiences, status and possible future strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17: 380í 390.
THRANE, M. 2006. LCA of danish fish products. New methods and insights (9 pp).The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11.1: 66-74.
TYEDMERS, P. 2004 Fisher and Energy Use. Encyclopedia of Energy, 2: 683í 694.
VALENTE, B. S., XAVIER, E., PEREIRA, H. S., PILOTTO, M. V. T. 2014 Composting in residues management of freshwater fish. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(1): 95í 103.
ZIEGLER, F., NILSSON, P., MATTSSON, B., WALTHER, Y. 2003 Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Cod Filets Including Fishery-Specific Environmental Impacts. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8 (1): 39í 47.
WERNET, G., BAUER, C., STEUBING, B., REINHARD, J., MORENO-RUIZ, E., WEIDEMA, B. 2016 The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1í 13.
YACOUT, D. M. M., SOLIMAN, N. F., YACOUT, M. M. 2016 Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of Tilapia in two production systems: semi-intensive and intensive. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21:806í 819.
BRASIL. 2010 Exportações e Importações Brasileiras de Pescado (relatório de Dezembro 2009). Conselho Nacional de Pesca e Aquicultura. Available from: http://www.conepe.org.br/index.php/estatisticas.
BRASIL. 2011. Boletim Estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura 2010. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. Available from: http://www.conepe.org.br/index.php/estatisticas.
FAO. 2014. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome. 223.
FLAHERTY, M. e KARNJANAKESORN, C. 1995 Marine shrimp aquaculture and natural resource degradation in Thailand. Environmental Management, 19(1): 27-37.
GONZÁLEZ, A.D., FROSTELL, B., CARLSSON-KANYAMA, A. 2011 Protein efficiency per unit energy and per unit greenhouse gas emissions: Potential contribution of diet choices to climate change mitigation. Food Policy, 36: 562í 570.
HENRIKSSON P.J.G., HEIJUNGS R., DAO H.M., PHAN L.T., DE SNOO G.R., GUINÉE J.B. 2015. Product Carbon Footprints and Their Uncertainties in Comparative Decision Contexts. PLoS ONE, 10(3): e0121221.
ISO - International Organization for Standardization. 2006. ISO 14044: Environmental managements - life cycle assessments í requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization: Geneva.
KAUTSKY, N., Rí–NNBí"žCK, P., TEDENGREN, M., TROELL, M. 2000 Ecosystem perspectives on management of disease in shrimp pond farming. Aquaculture, 191: 145-161.
KIMPARA, J.M., ZADJBAND, A.D., VALENTI, W.C. 2010 Medindo a sustentabilidade na aquicultura. Boletim Ablimno, 38: 1í 13.
KUBITZA F.E. e CAMPOS, J. L. 2006 O Aproveitamento do subproduto do pescado. Panorama da aquicultura, 16(94) : 23-29.
KUMMER, A.N.A.C.B., ANDRADE, L.D.E., GOMES, S.D., FAZOLO, A., HASAN, S.D.M., MACHADO, F. 2011 Tratamento de Efluente de Abatedouro de Tilápia com Adição de Manipueira na Fase Anóxica. Engenharia Agrícola, 31(1): 150í 157.
LE, T.X. e MUNEKAGE, Y. 2004 Residues of selected antibiotics in water and mud from shrimp ponds in mangrove areas in Viet Nam. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 49, 922-929.
MORENO-RUIZ E., LÉVOVÁ T., BOURGAULT G., WERNET G. 2015. Documentation of changes implemented in ecoinvent database 3.2. Ecoinvent Centre, Zürich, Switzerland.
PAPATRYPHON E., PETIT J., KAUSHIK S.J., VAN DER WERF H.M.G. 2004 Environmental Impact Assessment of Salmonid Feeds Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Ambio, 33: 316í 323.
PENA, A.M.C. 2012 Sustentabilidade Ambiental da Alimentação Humana [Internet]. Revisão Temática. Universidade do Porto. [cited 2015 Jul 30]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10216/68837.
PRIMAVERA, H. 1993 A critical review of shrimp pond farming in the Philippines. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1: 151-201.
ROCHA C.R., BAJAY S.V., GORLA F.D. 2010 Oportunidades de eficiência energética para a Indústria: relatório setorial: alimentos e bebidas. Brasília. 58 p.
SHIROTA, R., O.B.A., L.C., YOKOYAMA, S. 2000 Estudo dos Aspectos Econômicos das Processadoras de Peixe Provenientes da Piscicultura. III Simpósio Sobre Recursos Naturais E Sócio-Econômicos Do Pantanal Os Desafios Do Novo Milênio. 1í 24.
SOUZA, M.A., VIDOTTI, R.M., NETO, A.L.O. 2008 Redução no Consumo de Efluente Gerado em Abatedouro de Tilápia do Nilo Através da Implantação de Conceitos de Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 289í 296.
STEVANATO, F.B., SOUZA, N.E., MATSUSHITA, M., VISENTAINER, J.V. 2007 Aproveitamento de resíduos, valor nutricional e avaliação da degradação de pescado. Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 1(7): 1-6.
STORI, F.T., BONILHA, L.E.C., BARREIROS, M.A., LACAVA, L., PESSATTI, M.L. 2006 The Organic Solid Residues of Fish Processing Industries in Santa Catarina Brazil: Production Scenaries and Technologies. Journal of Coastal Research, 39: 1793í 1797.
THRANE, M., NIELSEN, E.H., CHRISTENSEN, P. 2009 Cleaner production in Danish fish processing í experiences, status and possible future strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17: 380í 390.
THRANE, M. 2006. LCA of danish fish products. New methods and insights (9 pp).The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11.1: 66-74.
TYEDMERS, P. 2004 Fisher and Energy Use. Encyclopedia of Energy, 2: 683í 694.
VALENTE, B. S., XAVIER, E., PEREIRA, H. S., PILOTTO, M. V. T. 2014 Composting in residues management of freshwater fish. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(1): 95í 103.
ZIEGLER, F., NILSSON, P., MATTSSON, B., WALTHER, Y. 2003 Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Cod Filets Including Fishery-Specific Environmental Impacts. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8 (1): 39í 47.
WERNET, G., BAUER, C., STEUBING, B., REINHARD, J., MORENO-RUIZ, E., WEIDEMA, B. 2016 The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1í 13.
YACOUT, D. M. M., SOLIMAN, N. F., YACOUT, M. M. 2016 Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of Tilapia in two production systems: semi-intensive and intensive. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 21:806í 819.
Downloads
Published
2016-12-30
Issue
Section
Scientific Article
