Acute effect of nitrate on Mugil platanus (Pisces: Mugilidae) fingerlings
Keywords:
nitrate, mullet fingerling, Mugil platanus, acute effect, toxicityAbstract
Nitrate was used to be considered not toxic for aquatic animals; however, in closed water culture system, this substance can accumulate high concentrations that could become potentially toxic for fish and crustacean. The aim of the present work was to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of nitrate for mullet (Mugil platanus) fingerlings, and to establish the safe level for the culture of the species. Short-term bioassay was carried out through 96 hours. Mullet fingerlings (average weight of 0.19 g) were exposed to concentrations of 0; 125; 250; 500; 750; 1,000; 1,250; 1,500; 1,750; 2,000; 2,500; and 3,000 mg/L of N-NO3. The LC50 was estimated based on mortality in the bioassays and their values were 2,287.4 and 1,522.4 mg/L, after 24 and 96 hours, respectively. Safe level was estimated in 152.2 mg/L of N-NO3. Results demonstrate that M. platatus is highly tolerant to nitrate, and data contribute positively for its culture.
References
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SWIFT, D.S. 1988 Aquaculture training manual. Surrey:Adlard and Son Ltd. 135p.
SZUMSKI, D.S.; BARTON, D.A.; PUTNAM, H.D.; POLTA, R.C. 1982 Evaluation of EPA un-ionize toxicity criteria. Journal WPCF, 54(3): 281-291.
THURSTON, R.V. e RUSSO, R.C. 1978 Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to cutthroat trout fry. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 107(2): 361-368.
THURSTON, R.V.; RUSSO, R.C.; PHILLIPS, G.R. 1986 Acute toxicity of ammonia to fathead minnows. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 112: 705-711.
TOMASSO, J.R. 1994 Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals. Reviews in Fish. Science,2(4): 291-314.
TRAMA, F.B. 1954 The acute toxicity of common salts of sodium, potassium and calcium to the common bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque). Procedures Academy Natural Sci. Philadelphia, 106: 185-205.
VIEIRA, J.P.S. 1985 Distribuição, abundí¢ncia e alimentação dos jovens de Mugilidae no estuário da Lagoa dos
Patos, e movimentos reprodutivos da tainha (Mugil platanus Günther, 1880). Rio Grande. 104p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande).
VIEIRA, J.P. e SCALABRIN, C. 1991 Migração reprodutiva da tainha (Mugil platanus Günther, 1880) no sul do Brasil. Atlí¢ntica, 13(1): 131-141.
WESTIN, D.T. 1974 Nitrate and nitrite toxicity to salmonid fishes. Progress Fish Cult., 36: 86-89.
M. curema) fed artificial diets. World Aquaculture, 22(4): 55-57.
BIANCHINI, A.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; MIRANDA, K.F. 1996 Toxicity of nitrogenous compounds to juveniles of flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56: 453-459.
BROWNELL, C.L. 1980 Water quality requirements for first-feeding in marine fish larvae. I. Ammonia,nitrite and nitrate. Biol. Ecol., 44: 269-283.
CAMARGO, J.A.; ALONSO, A.; SALAMANCA, A. 2005 Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates. Chemosphere, 58: 1255-1267.
CCME (CANADIAN COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE ENVIRONMENT) 2003 Canadian water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life: nitrate ion. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, (1999). Winnipeg: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, no 1299.
CHEN, J.C. e CHIN, T.S. 1988 Join action of ammonia and nitrite on tiger prawn Penaeus monodon postlarvae. J. World. Aquac. Soc., 19(3): 143-148.
COLT, J. e TCHOBANOGLOUS, G. 1976 Evolution of the short-term toxicity of nitrogenous compounds
to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture, 8: 209-224.
FRAKES, T. e HOFF, F.H. 1982 Effect of high nitrite-N on the growth and survival of juvenile and larval anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. Aquaculture, 29: 155-158.
GRABDA, E.; EINSZPORN-ORECKA, T.; FELINSKA, C.; ZBANYSEK, R. 1974 Experimental methemoglobinemia in trout. Acta Ichthyol. Pisc., 4: 43-71.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.S.; THURSTON, R.V. 1977 Trimmed Spearman Karber Method for estimating median lethal concentration in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci. Techl., 11: 714-719. Correção 12: 417 (1978).
KINCHELOE, J.W.; WEDEMEYER, G.A.; KOCH, D.L. 1979 Tolerance of developing salmonid eggs and
fry to nitrate exposure. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 23: 575-578
KINNE, O. 1976 Marine ecology. London: Jonh Wiley and Sons Ltd. v. 3. KNEPP, G.L. e ARKIN, G.F. 1973 Ammonia toxicity levels and nitrate tolerance of channel catfish.Progress Fish Cult., 35: 221-224.
MENEZES, N.A. e FIGUEIREDO, J.L. 1985 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil V. Teleostei (4).
São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. 105p.
MIRANDA FILHO, K.; WASIELESKY JUNIOR, W.B.;MAí"¡ADA, A. 1995 Efeito da amônia e nitrito no crescimento da tainha Mugil platanus (Pisces, Mugilidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol., 55(1): 45-50.
MUIR, P.R.; SUTTON, D.C.; OWENS, L. 1991 Nitrate toxicity to Penaeus monodon protozoea. Marine Biology, 108: 67-71.
OSTRENSKY, A.; MARCHIORI, M.A.; SANTOS, M.H.S.1991 Degradação de alimentos naturais utilizados na maturação de Penaeus paulensis e sua influência sobre a qualidade da água. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, 34(2): 251-261.
OSTRENSKY, A. 1997 Estudos para viabilização tecnológica dos cultivos de camarões marinhos no litoral do
Paraná, Brasil. Curitiba. 122p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade Federal do Paraná). PIERCE, R.H.; WEEKS, J.M.; PRAPPAS, J.M. 1993 Nitrate toxicity to five species of marine fish. J.World Aquac. Soc., 24(1): 105-107.
POXTON, M.G. e ALLOUSE, S.B. 1987 Cyclical fluctuations in ammonia and nitrite - nitrogen resulting from the feeding of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in recirculating systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 6: 301-321.
ROSSI, A.R.; CAPULA, M.; CROSETTI, D.; CAMPTON, D.E.; SOLA, L. 1998 Genetic divergence and phylogenetic interferences in five species of Mugilidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Marine Biology,131: 213-218.
RUBIN, A. e ELMARAGHY, G.A. 1977 Studies on the toxicity of ammonia, nitrate and their mixture to guppy fry. Water Res., 11: 927-935.
RUSSO, R.C. 1984 Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. In: TAYLOR e FRANCIS (Ed.). Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. 666p.
SAMPAIO, L.A.; WASIELESKY JUNIOR, W.B.; MIRANDA FILHO, K. 2002 Effect of salinity on acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to juvenile Mugil platanus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., New York, 68(5): 668-674.
SCOTT, G. e CRUNKILTON, R.L. 2000 Acute and chronic toxicity of nitrate to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Ceriodaphnia dubia and Da phnia magna. Environment Toxicology Chemistry,19: 2918-2922.
SPOTTE, S. 1979 Seawater aquariums. London: Jonh Wiley e Sons Ltd. 413p.
SPRAGUE, J.B. 1971 Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish III. Sublethal effects and "safe†concentrations. Water Res., 5: 245-266.
SWIFT, D.S. 1988 Aquaculture training manual. Surrey:Adlard and Son Ltd. 135p.
SZUMSKI, D.S.; BARTON, D.A.; PUTNAM, H.D.; POLTA, R.C. 1982 Evaluation of EPA un-ionize toxicity criteria. Journal WPCF, 54(3): 281-291.
THURSTON, R.V. e RUSSO, R.C. 1978 Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to cutthroat trout fry. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 107(2): 361-368.
THURSTON, R.V.; RUSSO, R.C.; PHILLIPS, G.R. 1986 Acute toxicity of ammonia to fathead minnows. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 112: 705-711.
TOMASSO, J.R. 1994 Toxicity of nitrogenous wastes to aquaculture animals. Reviews in Fish. Science,2(4): 291-314.
TRAMA, F.B. 1954 The acute toxicity of common salts of sodium, potassium and calcium to the common bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque). Procedures Academy Natural Sci. Philadelphia, 106: 185-205.
VIEIRA, J.P.S. 1985 Distribuição, abundí¢ncia e alimentação dos jovens de Mugilidae no estuário da Lagoa dos
Patos, e movimentos reprodutivos da tainha (Mugil platanus Günther, 1880). Rio Grande. 104p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande).
VIEIRA, J.P. e SCALABRIN, C. 1991 Migração reprodutiva da tainha (Mugil platanus Günther, 1880) no sul do Brasil. Atlí¢ntica, 13(1): 131-141.
WESTIN, D.T. 1974 Nitrate and nitrite toxicity to salmonid fishes. Progress Fish Cult., 36: 86-89.
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2018-10-31
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