The effects of light intensities on larval development of amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum
Keywords:
intensity of light, laboratory, larviculture, freshwater prawnAbstract
The effects of four light intensities (0; 2.8 ± 0.9; 5,46 ± 1,75 e 7,8 ± 2,5 µmol s-1 m-2, about 136.5 ± 87.5; 273 ± 43.8 e 390 ± 125 lux, respectively) on survival, productivity, weight gain and larval development of Macrobrachium amazonicum were investigated. Four treatments with three replicate tanks were evaluated. Newly hatched larvae were held in black tanks (80.2 ± 0.6 larvae L-1) filled with 50-L-brackish water (salinity of 10) in a recirculating system. Tanks were covered with shadow cloth allowing 35% and 70% light, respectively, to reach light intensities of 2.8 ± 0.9 and 5.46 ± 1.75 µmol s-1 m-2 at the water surface. Complete absence of light (0 µmol s-1 m-2) was obtained covering the tanks with opaque black plastic, and full-light condition used no covering (7.8 ± 2.5 µmol s-1 m-2). Observations showed that the survival rate was not affected by light intensity. Productivity and weight gain were higher under 7.8 ± 2.5 µmol s-1 m-2 light intensity than under 0 and 2.8 ± 0.9 µmol s-1 m-2 intensities (P<0.05). The larval development index was similar among the treatments under the different light intensities. However, from stage VII this index was increased slightly in the treatment under 7.8 ± 2.5 µmol s-1 m-2 light intensity. In conclusion, light intensity affects larval development of M. amazonicum. Values as high as 7.8 µmol s-1 m-2 (about 390 lux) improve the larval performance by enhancing development, productivity and weight gain compared to lower values.
References
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BARROS, H.P. e VALENTI, W.C. 1997 Comportamento alimentar do camarão de água
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BARROS, H.P. e VALENTI, W.C. 2003 Food intake of Macrobrachium rosenbergii during larval development. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 216:165-176.
BOJSEN, B.H.; WITTHOFFT, H.; STYRISHAVE, B.;ANDERSEN, O. 1998 In situ studies on heart rate and locomotor activity in the freshwater crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.) in relation to natural fluctuations in temperature and light intensity.Freshwater Biology, Oxford, 39: 455-465.
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EAGLES, M.D.; AIKEN, D.E.; WADDY, S.L. 1986 Influence of light and food on larval americanus lobster, Homarus americanus. Canadian Journal Fish Aquatic Society, Toronto, 43: 2303-2310.
GARDNER, C. e MAGUIRE, B.M. 1998 Effect of photoperiod and light intensity on survival, development and cannibalism of larvae of the australian giant Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 165: 51-63.
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HOANG, T.; BARCHIESIS, M.; LEE, S.Y.; KEENAN,C.P.; MARSDEN, G.E. 2003 Influences of light intensity and photoperiod on moulting and growth of Penaeus merguiensis cultured under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,216: 343í 354.
KNOWLTON, R.E. 1994 Effects of larval eyestalk extirpation on morphogenesis and molting in the snapping shrimp Alpheus heterochaelis say. The Journal Experimental Zoology, Oxford, 270: 162-174.
KUTTY, M.N.; HERMAN, F.; LE MENN, H. 2000 Culture of other prawn species. In: NEW, M.B. e VALENTI, W.C. Freshwater prawn culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science. cap. 21, p.393-410.
LIN, X.T. 1997 Influence of photoperiods on food consumption and development of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, Pequim, 28(1): 13-20.
LIN, X.T. e OMORI, M. 1993 Effect of container coloration on the feeding rates of zoeal larvae of the giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan,Hokkaido, 40(1): 19-25.
LIN, X.T.; QI, S.; CAO, S.J.; HUANG, C.J. 1998 Influence of photoperiods on growth and
energy budget of Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica, Pequim,29(2): 119-127.
MANZI, J.J.; MADDOX, M.B.; SANDIFER, P.A. 1977 Algal supplement enhancement of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) larviculture. Proceeding of the World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 8: 207-223.
MINAGAWA, M. 1994 Effect of photoperiod on survival, feeding and development of larvae of the red frog crab, Ranina ranina. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 120: 105-114.
MORAES-VALENTI, P. e VALENTI, W.C. 2010 Culture of Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.; TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,M.N. Freshwater prawn. Biology and Farming.Wiley-Blackwell, cap. 22, p.485-501.
MOSS, G.A.; TONG, L.J.; HLINGWORTH, J. 1999 Effects of light intensity and food density on the growth and survival of early-stage phyllosoma larvae of the rock lobster Jasus edwardsii. Marine Freshwater Research, Collingwood, 50: 129-134.
NEW, M.B. 2002 Farming freshwater prawns: A manual for the culture of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). n.428. Rome: FAO.212p.
PUVANENDRAN, V. e BROWN, J.A. 2002 Foraging,growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae reared in different light intensities and photoperiods. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 214:131í 151.
RODRIGUES, C.C.B.; RODRIGUES, J.B.R.;MOSCHEN, S. 1998 Efeitos da luz solar e cor dos tanques no desenvolvimento larval e produção de pós-larvas do camarão Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879). In: AQUICULTURA BRASIL ’98, Recife, 02-06/nov./1998. Anais…Recife. p.423-435.
SILVA, B.C.; ANDRE, R.C.; BELETTINI, F.;BUGLIONE, C.C.; JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.;
ANDREATTA, E.R.; DERNER, R.B.; MOURIí"˜O,J.L. 2009 Utilização de Thalassiosira weissflogii em larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE,1931). Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 31(1): 39-50.
SOLORZANO, L. 1969 Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenylhypochlorite method. Limnology and Oceanography, Waco, 14:799-801.
STRICKLAND, J.D.H. e PARSONS, T.R. 1972 A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canadá. 310p.
VEGA, L.A. 1984 Desenvolvimento larval de Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1839),Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) e Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862)(Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), em laboratório. São Paulo, 277p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de São Paulo).
VALENTI, W.C. 1985 Cultivo de camarões de água doce. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Nobel. 82p.
VALENTI, W.C. 2003 The Potential for Macrobrachium amazonicum Culture. In. WORLD AQUACULTURE 2003, Salvador, 19-23/mai./2003. Book of Abstracts: Salvador. World Aquaculture Society. p. 804.
VALENTI, W.C. 2007a Current status of freshwater prawn culture in Brazil. In: NAIR; C.M.;NAMBUDIRI, D.D.; JOSE., S.; SANKARAN, T.M.; JAYACHANDRAN, K.V.; SALIN, K.R.
(eds.) Freshwater Prawns. Advances in Biology,Aquaculture & Marketing. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Freshwater Prawns, Kochi, Kerala, 20-23/aug/2003. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, India. p.105-110.
VALENTI, W.C. 2007b Brazil’s Inland Aquaculture:freshwater fish dominate production. Global Aquaculture Advocade, St. Louis, 10(3): 30-32.
VALENTI, W.C. e DANIELS, W.H. 2000 Recirculation hatchery systems and management. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.(Eds.). Freshwater prawn culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science. cap. 6, p. 69-90.
VALENTI, W.C.; DANIELS, W.H.; NEW, M.B.;CORREIA, E.S. 2009 Hatchery systems and
management. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.;TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,
M.N. (Eds.) Freshwater prawns: biology and farming. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Cap. 5,p.55-85.
WANG, F.; DONG, S.; DONG, S.; HUANG, G.; ZHU,C.; MU, Y. 2004 The effect of light intensity on the growth of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 234: 475í 483.
WEBSTER, S.G. e DIRCKSEN, H. 1991 Putative moltinhibiting hormone in larvae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas L.: An immunocytochemical approach. Biological Bulletin, Woods Hole, 180: 65-71.
APPELBAUM, S. e MCGEER, J.C. 1998 Effect of diet and light regime on growth and survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae and early juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 4:157í 164.
ARAUJO, M.C.; PORTZ, L.; HISANO, H.; COSTA,C.N.; NEVES, L.S.; CHAGAS, R.B. 2006
Potencial do Camarão-da-amazônia,Macrobrachium amazonicum no Recôncavo
Baiano. In: CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE AQUICULTURA E BIOLOGIA
AQUÁTICA (AquaCiência 2006), 4., Bento Gonçalves, 14-17/ago./2006. Anais... CD-ROOM.
BARROS, H.P. 2001 Alimentação de Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) (Crustacea,Palaemonidae) durante a fase larval: Efeitos da densidade de náuplios de Artemia, do tamanho das partículas de ração, do tipo de alimento e do fotoperíodo. Jaboticabal. 76p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Centro de Aquicultura,Universidade Estadual Paulista).
BARROS, H.P. e VALENTI, W.C. 1997 Comportamento alimentar do camarão de água
doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) durante a fase larval: análise quantitativa. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia,Curitiba, 14: 785-793.
BARROS, H.P. e VALENTI, W.C. 2003 Food intake of Macrobrachium rosenbergii during larval development. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 216:165-176.
BOJSEN, B.H.; WITTHOFFT, H.; STYRISHAVE, B.;ANDERSEN, O. 1998 In situ studies on heart rate and locomotor activity in the freshwater crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.) in relation to natural fluctuations in temperature and light intensity.Freshwater Biology, Oxford, 39: 455-465.
CORREIA, E.S.; SUWANNATOUS, S.; NEW, M.B.2000 Flow-through hatchery systems and management. In: NEW, M.B. e VALENTI, W.C. (Eds.) Freshwater prawn culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science. cap. 5, p.52-68.
DAWIRS, R.R. 1982 Methodical aspects of rearing decapod larvae, Pagurus bernhardus (Paguridae)and Carcinus maenas (Portunidae). Helgolí¤nder Meeresuntersuchengen, Hamburg, 35: 439-464.
DHONT, J.; WILLE, M.; FRINSKO, M.; COYLE, S.D.;SORGELLOS, P. 2009 Larval feeds and fedding.In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.; TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY, M.N. Freshwater prawn. Biology and Farming. Wiley-Blackwell,cap. 6, p.86-107.
EAGLES, M.D.; AIKEN, D.E.; WADDY, S.L. 1986 Influence of light and food on larval americanus lobster, Homarus americanus. Canadian Journal Fish Aquatic Society, Toronto, 43: 2303-2310.
GARDNER, C. e MAGUIRE, B.M. 1998 Effect of photoperiod and light intensity on survival, development and cannibalism of larvae of the australian giant Pseudocarcinus gigas (Lamarck).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 165: 51-63.
GUEST, W.C. 1979 Laboratory life history of the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana,Amsterdam, 37(2): 141-152.
HOANG, T.; BARCHIESIS, M.; LEE, S.Y.; KEENAN,C.P.; MARSDEN, G.E. 2003 Influences of light intensity and photoperiod on moulting and growth of Penaeus merguiensis cultured under laboratory conditions. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,216: 343í 354.
KNOWLTON, R.E. 1994 Effects of larval eyestalk extirpation on morphogenesis and molting in the snapping shrimp Alpheus heterochaelis say. The Journal Experimental Zoology, Oxford, 270: 162-174.
KUTTY, M.N.; HERMAN, F.; LE MENN, H. 2000 Culture of other prawn species. In: NEW, M.B. e VALENTI, W.C. Freshwater prawn culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science. cap. 21, p.393-410.
LIN, X.T. 1997 Influence of photoperiods on food consumption and development of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, Pequim, 28(1): 13-20.
LIN, X.T. e OMORI, M. 1993 Effect of container coloration on the feeding rates of zoeal larvae of the giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan,Hokkaido, 40(1): 19-25.
LIN, X.T.; QI, S.; CAO, S.J.; HUANG, C.J. 1998 Influence of photoperiods on growth and
energy budget of Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Oceanology et Limnologia Sinica, Pequim,29(2): 119-127.
MANZI, J.J.; MADDOX, M.B.; SANDIFER, P.A. 1977 Algal supplement enhancement of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) larviculture. Proceeding of the World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 8: 207-223.
MINAGAWA, M. 1994 Effect of photoperiod on survival, feeding and development of larvae of the red frog crab, Ranina ranina. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 120: 105-114.
MORAES-VALENTI, P. e VALENTI, W.C. 2010 Culture of Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.; TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,M.N. Freshwater prawn. Biology and Farming.Wiley-Blackwell, cap. 22, p.485-501.
MOSS, G.A.; TONG, L.J.; HLINGWORTH, J. 1999 Effects of light intensity and food density on the growth and survival of early-stage phyllosoma larvae of the rock lobster Jasus edwardsii. Marine Freshwater Research, Collingwood, 50: 129-134.
NEW, M.B. 2002 Farming freshwater prawns: A manual for the culture of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). n.428. Rome: FAO.212p.
PUVANENDRAN, V. e BROWN, J.A. 2002 Foraging,growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae reared in different light intensities and photoperiods. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 214:131í 151.
RODRIGUES, C.C.B.; RODRIGUES, J.B.R.;MOSCHEN, S. 1998 Efeitos da luz solar e cor dos tanques no desenvolvimento larval e produção de pós-larvas do camarão Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879). In: AQUICULTURA BRASIL ’98, Recife, 02-06/nov./1998. Anais…Recife. p.423-435.
SILVA, B.C.; ANDRE, R.C.; BELETTINI, F.;BUGLIONE, C.C.; JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.;
ANDREATTA, E.R.; DERNER, R.B.; MOURIí"˜O,J.L. 2009 Utilização de Thalassiosira weissflogii em larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE,1931). Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 31(1): 39-50.
SOLORZANO, L. 1969 Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenylhypochlorite method. Limnology and Oceanography, Waco, 14:799-801.
STRICKLAND, J.D.H. e PARSONS, T.R. 1972 A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canadá. 310p.
VEGA, L.A. 1984 Desenvolvimento larval de Macrobrachium heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1839),Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) e Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862)(Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), em laboratório. São Paulo, 277p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de São Paulo).
VALENTI, W.C. 1985 Cultivo de camarões de água doce. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Nobel. 82p.
VALENTI, W.C. 2003 The Potential for Macrobrachium amazonicum Culture. In. WORLD AQUACULTURE 2003, Salvador, 19-23/mai./2003. Book of Abstracts: Salvador. World Aquaculture Society. p. 804.
VALENTI, W.C. 2007a Current status of freshwater prawn culture in Brazil. In: NAIR; C.M.;NAMBUDIRI, D.D.; JOSE., S.; SANKARAN, T.M.; JAYACHANDRAN, K.V.; SALIN, K.R.
(eds.) Freshwater Prawns. Advances in Biology,Aquaculture & Marketing. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Freshwater Prawns, Kochi, Kerala, 20-23/aug/2003. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, India. p.105-110.
VALENTI, W.C. 2007b Brazil’s Inland Aquaculture:freshwater fish dominate production. Global Aquaculture Advocade, St. Louis, 10(3): 30-32.
VALENTI, W.C. e DANIELS, W.H. 2000 Recirculation hatchery systems and management. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.(Eds.). Freshwater prawn culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science. cap. 6, p. 69-90.
VALENTI, W.C.; DANIELS, W.H.; NEW, M.B.;CORREIA, E.S. 2009 Hatchery systems and
management. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.;TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,
M.N. (Eds.) Freshwater prawns: biology and farming. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Cap. 5,p.55-85.
WANG, F.; DONG, S.; DONG, S.; HUANG, G.; ZHU,C.; MU, Y. 2004 The effect of light intensity on the growth of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 234: 475í 483.
WEBSTER, S.G. e DIRCKSEN, H. 1991 Putative moltinhibiting hormone in larvae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas L.: An immunocytochemical approach. Biological Bulletin, Woods Hole, 180: 65-71.
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