Catch rates of swordfish and of blue shark in the Southwest Atlantic from 1980 to 2000 decades
Keywords:
oceanic fishing, relative abundance, bycatch, pelagic longline, Prionace glauca, Xiphias gladiusAbstract
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is one of the main targets of the national and of part of the leased Brazilian pelagic longline fleet. However, the catches of blue shark (Prionace glauca) are also high. In order to get more knowledge about the duality of catches of swordfish and blue shark, catch data from the Brazilian national and leased fleets from 1980 to 2009 were analyzed. In some of the fishing grounds, catch rates of both species are high, but in other areas, only one species is abundantly caught. Leased boats from Japan and China Taipei never aimed at any of those two species, hence the catches were always small. However, the leased fleet from Spain clearly focuses its actions in areas where catch rates of swordfish are high. The national fleet focuses effort both in areas where swordfish dominates and in areas where catch rates of swordfish and blue shark are concomitantly high. If the intention is to diminish the impact of fishing effort on the population of blue shark, an alternative would be to enforce the fishing fleet to operate only in areas where catch rates of swordfish are high and where catch rates of blue shark are low.
References
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AMORIM, A.F.; ARFELLI, C.A.; FAGUNDES, L.1998 Pelagic elasmobranchs caught by longliners
off Southern Brazil during 1974-97: an overview. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research,49(7): 621-632.
ARFELLI, C.A. 1996 Estudo da pesca e aspectos da diní¢mica populacional de espadarte, Xiphias
gladius L. 1758, no Atlí¢ntico Sul. Rio Claro. 175f. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual
Paulista - UNESP).
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Acesso em: 09 jul. 2013.
BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM,B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse
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BIGELOW, K.A.; BOOGS, C.H.; HE, X. 1999 Environmental effects on swordfish and blue
shark catch rates in the US North Pacific longline fishery. Fisheries Oceanography, 8(3): 178-198.
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Proíbe o desembarque, a comercialização, a conservação, o beneficiamento e o transporte de
barbatanas cujo peso seja desproporcional ao peso das carcaças desembarcadas. Diário Oficial
da União, Brasília, 25 de agosto de 1998, Nº 162,Seção 1, p.68.
CARVALHO, F.C.; MURIE, D.J.; HAZIN, F.H.V.;HAZIN, H.G.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; BURGESS, G.H. 2011 Spatial predictions of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) catch rate and catch probability of juveniles in the Southwest Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68(5): 890-900.
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ICCAT, 58: 1178-1187.
HAZIN, H. e ERZINI, K. 2008 Assessing swordfish distribution in the South Atlantic from spatial
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HAZIN, F.H.V.; COUO, A.C.; KIHARA, K.;OTSURA, K.; ISHINO, M. 1990 Distribution and abundance of pelagic sharks in the Southwestern equatorial Atlantic. Journal of Tokyo University Fishery, 77(1): 51-64.
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Scientific Paper ICCAT, 64(5): 1343-1491.
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Ocean: response and late quaternary surface water variability. Marine Micropaleontology, 39:
87í 112.
LIU, H. 2011 Recent Taiwanese bigeye tuna fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of
Scientific Papers ICCAT, 66(1): 361-367.
MARÍN, Y.; BRUM, F.; BAREA, L.F.; CHOCCA, J.F. 1998 Incidental catch associated with swordfish
longline fisheries on the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Freshwater Research, 49: 633-639.
MEJUTO, J. e GARCÍA-CORTÉS, B. 2005 Reproductive and distribution parameters of the blue shark Prionace glauca, on the basis of onboard observations at sea in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 58(3): 951-973.
MEJUTO, J.; GARCÍA-CORTÉS, B.; DE LA SERNA,J.M.; RAMOS-CARTELLE, A. 2004 An overview
of the activity of the Spanish surface longline fleet targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) during
2001, with special reference to the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers
ICCAT, 56(3): 932-939.
MENESES DE LIMA, J.H.; KOTAS, J.E.; LIN, C.F.2000 A historical review of the Brazilian longline
fishery and catch of swordfish (1972-1997).Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 54(4):
1329-1257.
MONTEALEGRE-QUIJANO, S. e VOOREN, C.M.2010 Distribution and abundance of the life
stages of the blue shark Prionace glauca in the Southwest Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 101: 168-179.
MUSICK, J.A. 1999 Life in the slow lane: Ecology and conservation of long-lived marine animals.
Bethesda: American Fisheries Society. 265p.
OXENFORD, H.A.; MAHON, R.; HUNTE, W. 1993 The eastern Caribbean Flying fish Project, Fishery
Report. Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), St. Vincent. 171p.
QUAGGIO, A.L.C.; KOTAS, J.E.; HOSTIM, M. 2008 As capturas do tubarão azul, Prionace glauca
Linnaeus (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinidae),na pescaria de espinhel-de-superfície (monofilamento), sediada em Itajaí (SC), Brasil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 3(1): 61-74.
QUINN, T.J.; HOAG, S.H.; SOUTHWARD, G.M.1982 Comparison of two methods of combining
catch-per-unit-effort data from geographical regions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences, 39: 837-846.
SATOH, K.; YOKAWA, K.; SAITO, H.;MATSUNAGA, H.; OKAMOTO, H.; UOZUMI,Y. 2004 Preliminary stomach contents analysis of pelagic fish collected by Shoyo-Maru 2002research cruise in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 56: 1096-1114.
SBELL. 2005 Plano nacional de ação para a conservação e o manejo dos estoques de peixeselasmobrí¢nquios no Brasil. Recife. 100p.
SIBERT, J.; HAMPTON, J.; KLEIBER, P.; MAUNDER, M. 2006 Biomass, size, and trophic status of top
predators in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 314:1773-1776.
SIEGEL, S. e CASTELLAN, N.J. 2006 Estatística NãoParamétrica para Ciências do Comportamento. 2ª ed.Porto Alegre: Artmed. 448p.
TRAVASSOS, P.; HAZIN, F.H.V.; ZAGAGLIA, J.R.;ROCHA, R.A.; SCHOUBER, J. 1999 Thermohaline structure around seamounts and islands of Northeast Brazil. Archives of Fishery and Marine Research, 47(2/3): 106-116.
VASKE JíÅ¡NIOR, T. e LESSA, R.P. 2005 Estratégia alimentar do espadarte (Xiphias gladius) no
Atlí¢ntico Equatorial Sudoeste. Tropical Oceanography, 33(2): 223-232.
WALKER, T.I. 1998 Can shark resources be harvested sustainably? A question revisited with
a review of shark fisheries. Marine Freshwater Research, 49(7): 553-572.
YAO, M. 1988 A note on Japanese longline fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of
Scientific Papers ICCAT, 27: 222-229.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L.A. 1982 Distribucion vertical y estacional de tunideos y otras espécies pelágicas
en el sudoeste y sur del Brasil, obtenida por médio de analysis de contenido estomacal.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 17:439-443.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L.A. 1987 Ocorrência de peixes, cefalópodos e crustáceos em estômagos de atuns
e espécies afins, capturadas com espinhel no Brasil (23ºS-34ºS) 1972-1985. Boletim do Instituto
de Pesca, 14: 93-102.
Linnaeus, 1758, no sudeste e sul do Brasil (1971 a 1981). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 11: 35-62.
AMORIM, A.F.; BRAGA, F.M.S.; FAGUNDES, L.;COSTA, F.E.S.; ARFELLI, C.A. 1997 The evolution of tuna fishery in Santos- São Paulo, Southern Brazil (1971-1995). Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 46(4): 425-429.
AMORIM, A.F.; ARFELLI, C.A.; FAGUNDES, L.1998 Pelagic elasmobranchs caught by longliners
off Southern Brazil during 1974-97: an overview. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research,49(7): 621-632.
ARFELLI, C.A. 1996 Estudo da pesca e aspectos da diní¢mica populacional de espadarte, Xiphias
gladius L. 1758, no Atlí¢ntico Sul. Rio Claro. 175f. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual
Paulista - UNESP).
AZEVEDO, V.G. 2003 Aspectos biológicos e diní¢mica das capturas do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca)realizadas pela frota espinheleira de Itajaí-SC, Brasil.São Paulo. 113f. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo). Disponível em:http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-13082004-111652/pt-br.php
Acesso em: 09 jul. 2013.
BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM,B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse
and conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Science, 299: 389-392.
BIGELOW, K.A.; BOOGS, C.H.; HE, X. 1999 Environmental effects on swordfish and blue
shark catch rates in the US North Pacific longline fishery. Fisheries Oceanography, 8(3): 178-198.
BRASIL 1998 PORTARIA do IBAMA Nº 121, Instrução Normativa, de 24 de Agosto de 1998.
Proíbe o desembarque, a comercialização, a conservação, o beneficiamento e o transporte de
barbatanas cujo peso seja desproporcional ao peso das carcaças desembarcadas. Diário Oficial
da União, Brasília, 25 de agosto de 1998, Nº 162,Seção 1, p.68.
CARVALHO, F.C.; MURIE, D.J.; HAZIN, F.H.V.;HAZIN, H.G.; LEITE-MOURATO, B.; BURGESS, G.H. 2011 Spatial predictions of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) catch rate and catch probability of juveniles in the Southwest Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68(5): 890-900.
CHARLES, W.D. 2007 Interações entre orcas Orcinus orca (LINNAEUS, 1758) e falsas orcas Pseudorca crassidens (OWEN, 1846) com a pesca de espinel pelágico monofilamento no Atlí¢ntico Oeste tropical.Recife. 65f. (Dissertação de Mestrado.Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco).
HAIMOVICI, M. e PEREZ, J.A.A. 1990 Observaciones sobre la distribución y maduración sexual del calamar argentino, Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960) (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), en el sur del Brasil. ScientiaMarina, 54(2): 179-185.
HAREIDE, N.R.; CARLSON, J.; CLARKE, M.;CLARKE, S.; ELLIS, J.; FORDHAM, S.; FOWLER, S.; PINHO, M.; RAYMAKERS, C.; SERENA, F.; SERET, B.; POLTI, S. 2007 European shark fisheries: A preliminar investigation into fisheries, conservation factors, trade products, markets and management measures. City: European Elasmobranch Association. 71p.
HAZIN, F.H.V. e LESSA, R. 2005 Synopsis of biological information available on blue shark,
Prionace glauca, from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers
ICCAT, 58: 1178-1187.
HAZIN, H. e ERZINI, K. 2008 Assessing swordfish distribution in the South Atlantic from spatial
predictions. Fisheries Research, 90: 45í 55.
HAZIN, F.H.V.; COUO, A.C.; KIHARA, K.;OTSURA, K.; ISHINO, M. 1990 Distribution and abundance of pelagic sharks in the Southwestern equatorial Atlantic. Journal of Tokyo University Fishery, 77(1): 51-64.
ICCAT. 2006 Report of the Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS). 192p.
ICCAT. 2009 Report of the 2008 shark stock assessments meeting. Collective Volume of
Scientific Paper ICCAT, 64(5): 1343-1491.
ICCAT. 2013 Report of the 2013 Atlantic swordfish stock assessment session. ICCAT Doc. No.SCI-036/2013.132p.
KINKEL, H.; BAUMANN, K.H.; CEPPEK, M. 2000 Coccolithophores in the equatorial Atlantic
Ocean: response and late quaternary surface water variability. Marine Micropaleontology, 39:
87í 112.
LIU, H. 2011 Recent Taiwanese bigeye tuna fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of
Scientific Papers ICCAT, 66(1): 361-367.
MARÍN, Y.; BRUM, F.; BAREA, L.F.; CHOCCA, J.F. 1998 Incidental catch associated with swordfish
longline fisheries on the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Freshwater Research, 49: 633-639.
MEJUTO, J. e GARCÍA-CORTÉS, B. 2005 Reproductive and distribution parameters of the blue shark Prionace glauca, on the basis of onboard observations at sea in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 58(3): 951-973.
MEJUTO, J.; GARCÍA-CORTÉS, B.; DE LA SERNA,J.M.; RAMOS-CARTELLE, A. 2004 An overview
of the activity of the Spanish surface longline fleet targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) during
2001, with special reference to the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers
ICCAT, 56(3): 932-939.
MENESES DE LIMA, J.H.; KOTAS, J.E.; LIN, C.F.2000 A historical review of the Brazilian longline
fishery and catch of swordfish (1972-1997).Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 54(4):
1329-1257.
MONTEALEGRE-QUIJANO, S. e VOOREN, C.M.2010 Distribution and abundance of the life
stages of the blue shark Prionace glauca in the Southwest Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 101: 168-179.
MUSICK, J.A. 1999 Life in the slow lane: Ecology and conservation of long-lived marine animals.
Bethesda: American Fisheries Society. 265p.
OXENFORD, H.A.; MAHON, R.; HUNTE, W. 1993 The eastern Caribbean Flying fish Project, Fishery
Report. Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), St. Vincent. 171p.
QUAGGIO, A.L.C.; KOTAS, J.E.; HOSTIM, M. 2008 As capturas do tubarão azul, Prionace glauca
Linnaeus (Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinidae),na pescaria de espinhel-de-superfície (monofilamento), sediada em Itajaí (SC), Brasil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 3(1): 61-74.
QUINN, T.J.; HOAG, S.H.; SOUTHWARD, G.M.1982 Comparison of two methods of combining
catch-per-unit-effort data from geographical regions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences, 39: 837-846.
SATOH, K.; YOKAWA, K.; SAITO, H.;MATSUNAGA, H.; OKAMOTO, H.; UOZUMI,Y. 2004 Preliminary stomach contents analysis of pelagic fish collected by Shoyo-Maru 2002research cruise in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 56: 1096-1114.
SBELL. 2005 Plano nacional de ação para a conservação e o manejo dos estoques de peixeselasmobrí¢nquios no Brasil. Recife. 100p.
SIBERT, J.; HAMPTON, J.; KLEIBER, P.; MAUNDER, M. 2006 Biomass, size, and trophic status of top
predators in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 314:1773-1776.
SIEGEL, S. e CASTELLAN, N.J. 2006 Estatística NãoParamétrica para Ciências do Comportamento. 2ª ed.Porto Alegre: Artmed. 448p.
TRAVASSOS, P.; HAZIN, F.H.V.; ZAGAGLIA, J.R.;ROCHA, R.A.; SCHOUBER, J. 1999 Thermohaline structure around seamounts and islands of Northeast Brazil. Archives of Fishery and Marine Research, 47(2/3): 106-116.
VASKE JíÅ¡NIOR, T. e LESSA, R.P. 2005 Estratégia alimentar do espadarte (Xiphias gladius) no
Atlí¢ntico Equatorial Sudoeste. Tropical Oceanography, 33(2): 223-232.
WALKER, T.I. 1998 Can shark resources be harvested sustainably? A question revisited with
a review of shark fisheries. Marine Freshwater Research, 49(7): 553-572.
YAO, M. 1988 A note on Japanese longline fisheries in the Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of
Scientific Papers ICCAT, 27: 222-229.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L.A. 1982 Distribucion vertical y estacional de tunideos y otras espécies pelágicas
en el sudoeste y sur del Brasil, obtenida por médio de analysis de contenido estomacal.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 17:439-443.
ZAVALA-CAMIN, L.A. 1987 Ocorrência de peixes, cefalópodos e crustáceos em estômagos de atuns
e espécies afins, capturadas com espinhel no Brasil (23ºS-34ºS) 1972-1985. Boletim do Instituto
de Pesca, 14: 93-102.
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