Essential oils and eugenol as anesthetics for Serrasalmus rhombeus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.195Keywords:
anesthesia, behavior, black piranha, fish transport, Negro riverAbstract
This study evaluated the periods of time of anesthetic induction and recovery of Serrasalmus rhombeus exposed to essential oils (EOs) of Aloysia triphylla and Lippia alba and eugenol, as well as if these anesthetics can be used for transport of this species, through analysis of swimming behavior. Fish were placed in aquaria containing different concentrations of A. triphylla EO or L. alba EO or eugenol, and posteriorly were transferred to aquaria containing only water to evaluate the recovery time. In the second experiment, behavior was analyzed during exposure to A. triphylla EO, L. alba EO or eugenol at 5 or 10 µL L-1. The evaluations were carried out at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 min of exposure. Fish exposed to 150, 200 and 50 µL L-1 of A. triphylla EO, L. alba EO and eugenol, respectively, showed anesthetic induction time lower than 3 min and recovery time lower than 10 min. Concentrations of 50 µL L-1 of both EOs and 25 µL L-1 eugenol caused only sedation. Exposure to 5 and 10 µL L-1 EOs and eugenol decreased fish swimming time. Both EOs and eugenol were effective for anesthesia and can be used for transport of S. rhombeus.
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CUNHA, M.A.; ZEPPENFELD, C.C.; GARCIA, L.O.; LORO, V.L.; FONSECA, M.B.; EMANUELLI, T.; VEECK, A.P.L.; COPATTI, C.E.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2010a Anesthesia of silver catfish with eugenol: time of induction, cortisol response and sensory analysis of fillet. Ciência Rural, 40(10): 2107-2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782010001000009.
CUNHA, M.A.; BARROS, F.M.C.; GARCIA, L.O.; VEECK, A.P.L.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; LORO, V.L.; EMANUELLI, T.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2010b Essential oil of Lippia alba: a new anesthetic for silver
catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture, 306(1-4): 403-406. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.014.
CUNHA, M.A.; SILVA, B.F.; DELUNARDO, F.A.C.; BENOVIT, S.C.; GOMES, L.C.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to
the essential oil of Lippia alba. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(3): 683-688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252011000300022.
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA. 2007 European directorate for the uality of medicines. 6th ed. Strassbourg: European Pharmacopoeia. FABIANI, B.M.; BOSCOLO, W.R.; FEIDEN, A.; DIEMER, O.; BITTENCOURT, F.; NEU, D.H. 2013 Benzocaine and eugenol as anesthetics for Brycon
hilarii. Acta Scientiarum Animal Science, 35(2): 113-117.
FIGUEIREDO, R.O.; STEFANINI, M.B.; MING, L.C.; MARQUES, M.O.M.; FACANALI, R. 2004 Essential oil composition of Aloysia triphylla (L’Herit) Britton leaves cultivated in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Acta Horticulturae, 629(1): 131-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.17.
FREIRE, C.M.M.; MARQUES, M.O.M.; COSTA, M. 2006 Effects of seasonal variation on the central nervous system activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(1-2): 161-166. PMid:16303272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.013.
GOMES, D.P.; CHAVES, B.W.; BECKER, A.G.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Water parameters affect anaesthesia induced by eugenol in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture Research, 42(6): 878-886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02864.x.
GOMES, P.B.; FEITOSA, M.L.; SILVA, M.I.; NORONHA, E.C.; MOURA, B.A.; VENÂNCIO, E.T.; RIOS, E.R.; SOUSA, D.P.; VASCONCELOS, S.M.; FONTELES, M.M.; SOUSA, F.C. 2010 Anxiolytic-like effect
of the monoterpene 1,4-cineole in mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 96(3): 287-293. PMid:20670917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2010.05.019.
GONí"¡ALVES, A.F.N.; SANTOS, E.C.C.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; TAKAHASHI, L.S. 2008 Mentol e eugenol como substitutos da benzocaína na indução anestésica de juvenis de pacu. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Science (Penicuik, Scotland), 30(3): 339-344.
GUZMÁN-GUTIÉRREZ, S.L.; GÓMEZ-CANSINO, R.; GARCÍAZEBADíÅ¡A, J.C.; JIMÉNEZ-PÉREZ, N.C.; REYES-CHILPA, R. 2012 Antidepressant activity of Litsea glaucescens essential oil: Identification of íŸ-pinene and linalool as active principles. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(2): 673-679. PMid:22867633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.026.
HELDWEIN, C.G.; SILVA, L.L.; GAI, E.Z.; ROMAN, C.; PARODI, T.V.; BíÅ“RGER, M.E.; BALDISSEROTTO, B.; FLORES, E.M.M.; HEINZMANN, B.M. 2014 S-(+)-Linalool from Lippia alba: sedative
and anesthetic for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 41(6): 621-629. PMid:24628858. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12146.
HELDWEIN, C.G.; SILVA, L.L.; RECKZIEGEL, P.; BARROS, F.M.C.; BíÅ“RGER, M.E.; BALDISSEROTTO, B.; MALLMANN, C.A.; SCHMIDT, D.; CARON, B.O.; HEINZMANN, B.M. 2012 Participation of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown essential oil. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 45(5): 436-443. PMid:22473320. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500052
HOHLENWERGER, J.C.; COPATTI, C.E.; SENA, A.C.; COUTO, R.D.; BALDISSEROTTO, B.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; CARON, B.O.; SCHMIDT, D. 2016 Could the essential oil of Lippia alba provide a readily available and cost-effective anaesthetic for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)? Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 49(2): 119-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236244.
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