EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON SUCCESSION OF MICRO-PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN A MARINE SHRIMP POND AND ADJACENT AMAZON ESTUARY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.4.508Keywords:
seasonality, nutrients, Litopenaeus vannameiAbstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the environmental factors and Litopenaeus vannamei farm effluents on succession and structure of the micro-phytoplankton community and water quality in the shrimp pond and adjacent estuarine waters along the two intensive shrimp production cycles. The surface water samples for quali-quantitative analyses were monthly collected in five points, in the shrimp pond (3) and the adjacent estuary (2), using a plankton net (64 μm) and polyethylene containers, during in the rainy season, and in the dry period. The micro-phytoplankton community was composed by 205 taxa. The environments were different in relation to the total abundance, richness and species indicators with the estuary presented the highest values in relation to the shrimp pond. The diatoms were predominant mainly in the estuary, with the higher abundances and the great majority of indicator species, while in the shrimp pond, the number of indicator diatoms was much lower allowing the establishment euglenophytes and cyanophytes as also indicator species. In the shrimp pond the main drivers of micro-phytoplankton community structure were the higher concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate, mainly in relation to the feed accumulation, while in the estuary, the main driver factor was the seasonality.
References
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APHA í American Public Health Association, AWWA í American Water Works Association, WEF í Water Environment Federation. 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Washington: APHA. 1594p.
Araújo, R.F.; Lourenço, C.B.; Silva, R.S.; Palheta, G.D.A.; Santos, M.L.S.; Melo, N.F.A.C. 2012. Diní¢mica nictemeral de variáveis ambientais em um cultivo de camarão marinho na região Amazônica. Boletim Técnico-Científico do CEPNOR, 12(1): 17-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17080/1676-5664/btcc.v12n1p17-24.
Barbieri, E.; Marques, H.L.A.; Bondioli, A.C.V.; Campolim, M.B.; Ferrarini, A.T. 2014a. Concentrações do nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrito e nitrato em áreas de engorda de ostras no município de Cananeia-SP. O Mundo da Saude, 38(1): 105-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.20143801105115.
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Barbieri, R.C.J.; Ostrensky, A.N. 2002. Camarões marinhos: reprodução, maturação e larvicultura. Viçosa: Aprenda Fácil Editora. 255p.
Bardach, J.E. 1997. Sustainable aquaculture. 1ª ed. New York: Wiley. 251p.
Bauer, W.; Abreu, P.C.; Poersch, L.H. 2017. Plankton and water quality variability in an estuary before and after the shrimp farming effluents: possible impacts and regeneration. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 65(3): 495-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017143406503.
Berrêdo, J.F.; Costa, M.L.; Progene, M.P.S. 2008. Efeitos das variações sazonais do clima tropical úmido sobre as águas e sedimentos de manguezais do estuário do rio Marapanim, costa Nordeste do Estado do Pará. Acta Amazonica, 38(3): 473-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672008000300012.
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Boyd, C.E. 1998. Pond water aeration systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 18(1): 9-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00019-3.
Branco, C.W.C.; Senna, P.A.C. 1996. Relations among heterotrophic bacteria, chlorophyll-a, total phytoplankton, total zooplankton and physical and chemical features in the Paranoá reservoir, Brasília, Brasil. Hydrobiologia, 337(1): 171-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028518.
Brzezinski, M.A.; Jones, J.L.; Bidle, K.D.; Azam, F. 2003. The balance between silica production and silica dissolution in the sea: Insights from Monterey Bay California applied to the global data set. Limnology and Oceanography, 48(5): 1846-1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1846.
Burford, M. 1997. Phytoplankton dynamics in shrimp ponds. Aquaculture Research, 28(5): 351-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1997.tb01052.x.
Casé, M.; Leça, E.E.; Leitão, S.N.; Sant′Anna, E.E.; Schwamborn, R.; Moraes Junior, A. 2008. Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(7): 1343-1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.008. PMid:18538353.
Dufrêne, M.; Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs, 67(3): 345-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2963459.
Eskinazi-leça, E.; Koening, M.L.; Silva-Cunha, M.G.G. 2000. O fitoplí¢ncton: estrutura e produtividade. In: Barros, H.M.; Eskinazi-Leça, E.; Macedo, S.J.; Lima, T. Gerenciamento participativo de estuários e manguezais. Recife: Editora Universitária UFPE. p. 67-74.
Glud, R.N.; Rysgaard, S.; Kühl, M. 2002. Laboratory study on O2 dynamics and photosynthesis in ice algal communities: quantification by microsensors, O2 exchange rates, C14 incubations and a PAM fluorometer. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 27(3): 301-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame027301.
Gómez-Aguirre, S.; Martínez-Córdova, L.R. 1998. El fitoplancton. In: Martínez-Córdova, L.R. Ecología de los sistemas acuícolas. México: AGT Editor. p. 77-94.
Hammer, íËœ.; Harper, D.A.T.; Ryan, P.D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9. Available from: <http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm> Access on: 20 apr. 2018.
Havens, K.E.; James, R.T.; East, T.L.; Smith, V.H.N. 2003. N:P ratios, light limitation, and cyanobacterial dominance in a subtropical lake impacted by non-point source nutrient pollution. Environmental Pollution, 122(3): 379-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00304-4. PMid:12547527.
Hodgkiss, I.J.; Ho, K.C. 1997. Are changes N:P ratios in coastal waters the key to increased red tide blooms? Hydrobiologia, 352(1): 141-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003046516964.
Huszar, V.L.M.; Silva, L.H.S.; Marinho, M.; Domingos, P.; Sant’anna, C.L. 2000. Cyanoprokaryote assemblages in eight productive tropical Brazilian waters. Hydrobiologia, 424(1): 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003996710416.
Karentz, D.; Smayda, T.J. 1984. Temperature and the seasonal occurrence pattern of 30 dominant phytoplankton species in Narragansett Bay over a 22-year period (1959-1980). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 18: 277-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps018277.
Leão, B.M.; Passavante, J.Z.O.; Silva-Cunha, M.G.G.; Santiago, M.F. 2008. Ecologia do microfitoplí¢ncton do estuário do rio Igarassu, PE, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica, 22(3): 711-722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062008000300009.
Legendre, P.; Legendre, L.F.J. 2012. Numerical ecology: developments in environmental modeling. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1006p.
Ludwig, J.A.; Reynolds, J.F. 1988. Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing. New York: Wiley-Interscience. 44p.
Macêdo, S.J.; Muniz, K.; Flores-Montes, M.J. 2004. Hidrologia da região costeira e plataforma continental do estado de Pernambuco. In: Eskinazi-Leça, E.; Neumann Leitão, S.; Costa, M.F. Oceanografia, um cenário tropical. Recife: Bagaço. p. 255-286.
Manzolli, R.P.; Portz, L.; Paiva, M. 2011. Oceanografia química. In: Calazans, D. Estudos oceanográficos: do instrumental ao prático. Pelotas: Textos. p.130-155.
Margalef, R. 1978. Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment. Oceanologica Acta, 1(4): 493-509. Available from: <https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00123/23403/> Access on: 1 jan. 2018.
Martínez-Córdova, L.R.; Emerenciano, M.; Miranda-Baeza, A.; Martínez-Porchas, M. 2015. Microbial-based systems for aquaculture of fish and shrimp: an updated review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 7(2): 131-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12058.
Matteucci, S.D.; Colma, A. 1982. Metodologia para el estúdio de la vegetación. Washington: The General Secretarial of the organization of American States. 86p. (Série Biologia Monografia, n. 22).
McCune, B.; Mefford, M.J. 2011. PC-ORD: multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 6. Gleneden Beach: MjM Software.
McGraw, W.; Teichert-Coddington, D.R.; Rouse, D.B.; Boyd, C.E. 2001. Higher minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations increase penaeid shrimp yields in earthen ponds. Aquaculture, 199(3): 311-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00530-0.
Melo, M.P.; Carvalheiro, J.M.O.; Cordeiro, T.A.; Queiroz, A.R.; Prado, J.P.; Borges, I.F. 2010. Phytoplanktonic composition of three cultivation systems used in Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931) marine shrimp farms. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 32(3): 223-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i3.4816.
Midlen, A.; Redding, T. 1998. Environmental management for aquaculture. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 224 p.
Padisák, J. 1993. Use of algae in water quality monitoring. In: Salánki, J.; Istvánovics, V. Limnological bases of lake management: ILEC/UNEP Training Course Held at Tihany. Proceedings… Shiga: International Lake Environmental Committee Foundation. p. 73-82.
Palheta, G.D.A.; Takata, R.; Palheta, H.G.A.; Melo, N.F.A.C.; Rocha, R.M.R.; Santos, M.L.S. 2012. Índices de qualidade da água como ferramenta no monitoramento da carcinicultura paraense. Boletim Técnico-Científico do CEPNOR, 12(1): 9-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17080/1676-5664/btcc.v12n1p9-15.
Phlips, E.J.; Badylak, S.; Grosskopf, T. 2002. Factors affecting the abundance of phytoplankton in a restricted subtropical lagoon, the Indian river lagoon, Florida, USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 55(3): 385-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0912.
Poersch, L.; Cavalli, R.O.; Wasielesky Júnior, W.; Castello, J.P.; Peixoto, S.R.M. 2006. Perspectivas para o desenvolvimento dos cultivos de camarões marinhos no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS. Ciência Rural, 36(4): 1337-1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782006000400051.
Shannon, C.E.; Weaver, W. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University lllinois Press. 125p.
Silva, J.S.; Seyler, F.; Calmant, S.; Corrêa, O.; Rotunno Filho, E.R.; Araújo, A.A.M.; Guyot, J.L. 2011. Water level dynamics of amazon wetlands at the watershed scale by satellite altimetry. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33(11): 3323-3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.531914.
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2019-12-02
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