FOOD RESOURCE SHARING AMONG BENTHIC AND NEKTONIC STREAM FISH SPECIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e634Keywords:
food ecology;, trophic similarity;, dietary overlapping;, fish ecology.Abstract
Several tropical freshwater fish species are generally generalistic feeders, sometimes followed by a diet reduction during the period of decreased resource availability. This study aimed to analyze the dietary overlap between nektonic and benthic fish species. The stomachs of 82 obligatory nektonics and 52 benthic were removed. The diet composition for each individual was determined based on the analysis of the stomach content, and the contents were grouped into 11 categories. For the analysis of food items, the method of degree of food preference was used. To verify the niche overlap between benthic and nectonic, the Pianka index was applied. Benthic species consumed items across all 11 food categories and nektonic species consumed nine. The diet composition of species with nektonic and benthic habits showed a significant difference. Dietary overlapping suggests a supply of the same resources, as they are shared by both groups. The high concentration of water insect larvae in the food content of all sampled fish species, regardless of the position in the water column, shows the importance of insects in the water ecosystems. The composition of ecosystem diets is helpful towards understanding the community structure and can explain the coexistence between different fish’s groups where live in different micro-habitats and how tactics used to capture food which may minimize the effects of overlapping and competitive exclusion.
References
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De Aquino, P.P.U.; Schneider, M.; Silva, M. J. M.; Fonseca, C. P.; Arakawa, H. B.; Cavalcanti, D. R. 2009. Ictiofauna dos córregos do Parque Nacional de Brasília, bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, Distrito Federal, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica, 9(1): 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032009000100021.
Deus, C.P.; Petrere-Junior, M. 2003. Seazonal diet shifts of seven fish species in an atlantic rainforest stream in southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63(4): 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400005.
Dias, T.S.; Fialho, C.B. 2009. Biologia alimentar de quatro espécies simpátricas de Cheirodontinae (Characiformes, Characidae) do rio Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 99(3): 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212009000300003.
Esteves, K.E.; Lobo, A.V.P.; Faria, M. D. R. 2008. Trophic structure of a fish community along environmental gradients of a subtropical river (Paraitinga River, Upper Tietê River Basin, Brazil). Hydrobiologia, 598(8): 373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9172-4.
Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological methodology. 1a ed. New York: Harper and Row Publish. 624p.
Legendre, P.; De Cáceres, M. 2013. Beta diversity as the variance of community data: dissimilarity coefficients and partitioning. Ecology Letters, 16(8): 951-963. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12141.
Lobón-Cerviá, J.; Mazzoni, R.; Rezende, C.F. 2016. Effects of riparian forest removal on the trophic dynamics of a Neotropical stream fish assemblage. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12973.
Melo, T.; Tejerina-Garro, F.L.; Melo, C.E. 2004. Diversidade biológica da comunidade de peixes no baixo rio das Mortes, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24(3): 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000300017.
Mugnai, R.; Nessimian, J.L.; Baptista, D.F. 2010. Manual de identificação de macroinvertebrados aquáticos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 1a ed. Rio de janeiro. 176p.
Needham, J.G.; Needham, P.R. 1978. Guia para estudo dos seres vivos de água doce. 7a ed. Barcelona, 82p.
Gotelli, N.J.; Hart, E.M.; Ellison, A.M. 2015. EcoSimR-Alpha. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16522.
Oksanen, J.; Blanchet, F.G.; Friendly, M.; Kindt, R.; Legendre, P.; McGlinn, D.; Minchin, P.R.; O'Hara, R.B.; Simpson, G.L.; Solymos, P.; Stevens, M.H.H.; Szoecs, E.; Wagner, H. 2020. vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.5-7. URL: <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan>.
Oliveira, D.C.; Bennemann, S.T.; Casatti, L. 2006. Alimentação de peixes: proposta para análise de itens registrados em conteúdos gástricos. Biota Neotropica, 6(2): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032006000200013.
Peressin, A.; Cetra, M. 2014. Responses of the ichthyofauna to urbanization in two urban áreas in Southeast Brazil. Urban Ecosystems, 17(3): 675-690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0352-5.
Pinto, T.L.F.; Uieda, V.S. 2007. Aquatic insects selected as food for fishes of a tropical stream: are there spatial and seasonal differences in their selectivity? Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 19(1): 67-78.
R Core Team. 2021. The R Project for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: <https://www.R-project.org>.
Rezende, C.F.; Mazzoni, R. 2006. Disponibilidade e uso de recursos alóctone por Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro) (Actinopterygii, Characidae), no córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23(1): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000100014.
Roque, F. O.; Papinelli, M.; Fragoso, E. N.; Ferreira, W. A.; Barillari, P. R.; Yoshinaga, M. Y.; Trivinho-Strixino, S.; Fenerich-Verani, N.; Sabino, J.; Castro, R. M. C. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da Floresta Atlí¢ntica (Sudeste do Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50(1): 23-36.
RStudio Team. 2019. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio. PBC, Boston, MA. URL: <http://www.rstudio.com>.
Sabino, J.; Castro, R.M.C. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da Floresta Atlí¢ntica (Sudeste do Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50(1): 23-36.
Silva, Z.; Nascimento, P.E. C.; Vitule, J.R. S.; Frehse, F. de A.; Ferraz, M.S.O.; Mourgués-Schurter, L.R. 2019. Diet and resource sharing by two Pimelodidae species in a Southeastern Brazilian reservoir. Biota Neotropica, 19(3): e20180675. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0675.
Sonoda, K.C.; Vettorazzi, C.A.; Ortega, E.M.M. 2011. Relação entre uso do solo e composição de insetos aquáticos de quatro bacias hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 6(3): 187-200. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2011.63.06.
Teresa, F.B.; Carvalho, F.R. 2008. Feeding association between benthic and nektonic Neotropical stream fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(1): 109-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252008000100013.
Trindade, M.E. de J.; Peressin, A.; Cetra, M.; Jucá-Chagas, R. 2013. Variation in the diet of a small characin according to the riparian zone coverage in an Atlantic Forest stream, northeastern Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 25(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013000100005.
Villéger, S.; Miranda, J.R.; Hernandéz, D.F.; Mouillot, D. 2010. Contrasting changes in taxonomic vs. functional diversity of tropical communities after habitat degradation. Ecological Applications, 20(6): 1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1310.1.
Anderson M.J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26: 32-46.
Balassa, G.C.; Fugi, R.; Hahn, N.S.; Galina, A.B. 2004. Dieta de espécies de Anostomidae (Teleostei, Characiformes) na área de influência do reservatório de Manso, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 94(1): 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212004000100014.
Braga, F.M.S. 1999. O grau de preferência alimentar: um método qualitativo e quantitativo para o estudo de conteúdo estomacal de peixes. Acta Scientiarium, 21(2): 291-295.
Braga, F.M.S.; Gomiero, L.M. 2009. Alimentação de peixes na microbacia do Ribeirão Grande, Serra da Mantiqueira oriental, SP. Biota Neotropica, 9(3): 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032009000300021.
Casatti, L. 2002. Alimentação dos peixes em um riacho do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 2(2): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032002000200012.
Casatti, L.; Rocha, F.C.; Pereira, C. 2005. Habitat use by two species of Hypostomus (Pisces, Loricariidae) in Southeastern Brazilian streams. Biota Neotropica, 5(2): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032005000300012.
Casatti, L.; Ferreira C.P.; Carvalho, F.R. 2009. Grass-dominated stream sites exhibit low fish species diversity and dominance by guppies: an assessment of two tropical pasture river basins. Hydrobiology, 632: 273-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9849-y.
Casatti, L.; Teresa, F.B.; Gonçalves-Souza, T.; Bessa, E.; Manzotti, A.R.; Gonçalves, C.S.; Zeni, J.O. 2012. From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish? Neotropical Ichthyology, 10(1): 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000100020.
Cetra, M.; Rondineli, G.R.; Souza, U.P. 2011. Compartilhamento de recursos por duas espécies de peixes nectobentônicas de riachos na bacia do rio Cachoeira (BA). Biota Neotropica, 11(2): 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000200010.
Dala-Corte, R.B.; Becker, F.G.; Melo, A.S. 2017. Riparian integrity affects diet and intestinal length of a generalist fish species. Marine and Freshwater Research, 68(7): 1272-1281. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16167.
De Aquino, P.P.U.; Schneider, M.; Silva, M. J. M.; Fonseca, C. P.; Arakawa, H. B.; Cavalcanti, D. R. 2009. Ictiofauna dos córregos do Parque Nacional de Brasília, bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, Distrito Federal, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica, 9(1): 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032009000100021.
Deus, C.P.; Petrere-Junior, M. 2003. Seazonal diet shifts of seven fish species in an atlantic rainforest stream in southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63(4): 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842003000400005.
Dias, T.S.; Fialho, C.B. 2009. Biologia alimentar de quatro espécies simpátricas de Cheirodontinae (Characiformes, Characidae) do rio Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 99(3): 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212009000300003.
Esteves, K.E.; Lobo, A.V.P.; Faria, M. D. R. 2008. Trophic structure of a fish community along environmental gradients of a subtropical river (Paraitinga River, Upper Tietê River Basin, Brazil). Hydrobiologia, 598(8): 373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9172-4.
Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological methodology. 1a ed. New York: Harper and Row Publish. 624p.
Legendre, P.; De Cáceres, M. 2013. Beta diversity as the variance of community data: dissimilarity coefficients and partitioning. Ecology Letters, 16(8): 951-963. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12141.
Lobón-Cerviá, J.; Mazzoni, R.; Rezende, C.F. 2016. Effects of riparian forest removal on the trophic dynamics of a Neotropical stream fish assemblage. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12973.
Melo, T.; Tejerina-Garro, F.L.; Melo, C.E. 2004. Diversidade biológica da comunidade de peixes no baixo rio das Mortes, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24(3): 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000300017.
Mugnai, R.; Nessimian, J.L.; Baptista, D.F. 2010. Manual de identificação de macroinvertebrados aquáticos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 1a ed. Rio de janeiro. 176p.
Needham, J.G.; Needham, P.R. 1978. Guia para estudo dos seres vivos de água doce. 7a ed. Barcelona, 82p.
Gotelli, N.J.; Hart, E.M.; Ellison, A.M. 2015. EcoSimR-Alpha. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16522.
Oksanen, J.; Blanchet, F.G.; Friendly, M.; Kindt, R.; Legendre, P.; McGlinn, D.; Minchin, P.R.; O'Hara, R.B.; Simpson, G.L.; Solymos, P.; Stevens, M.H.H.; Szoecs, E.; Wagner, H. 2020. vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.5-7. URL: <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan>.
Oliveira, D.C.; Bennemann, S.T.; Casatti, L. 2006. Alimentação de peixes: proposta para análise de itens registrados em conteúdos gástricos. Biota Neotropica, 6(2): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032006000200013.
Peressin, A.; Cetra, M. 2014. Responses of the ichthyofauna to urbanization in two urban áreas in Southeast Brazil. Urban Ecosystems, 17(3): 675-690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0352-5.
Pinto, T.L.F.; Uieda, V.S. 2007. Aquatic insects selected as food for fishes of a tropical stream: are there spatial and seasonal differences in their selectivity? Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 19(1): 67-78.
R Core Team. 2021. The R Project for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: <https://www.R-project.org>.
Rezende, C.F.; Mazzoni, R. 2006. Disponibilidade e uso de recursos alóctone por Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro) (Actinopterygii, Characidae), no córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23(1): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000100014.
Roque, F. O.; Papinelli, M.; Fragoso, E. N.; Ferreira, W. A.; Barillari, P. R.; Yoshinaga, M. Y.; Trivinho-Strixino, S.; Fenerich-Verani, N.; Sabino, J.; Castro, R. M. C. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da Floresta Atlí¢ntica (Sudeste do Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50(1): 23-36.
RStudio Team. 2019. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio. PBC, Boston, MA. URL: <http://www.rstudio.com>.
Sabino, J.; Castro, R.M.C. 1990. Alimentação, período de atividade e distribuição espacial dos peixes de um riacho da Floresta Atlí¢ntica (Sudeste do Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 50(1): 23-36.
Silva, Z.; Nascimento, P.E. C.; Vitule, J.R. S.; Frehse, F. de A.; Ferraz, M.S.O.; Mourgués-Schurter, L.R. 2019. Diet and resource sharing by two Pimelodidae species in a Southeastern Brazilian reservoir. Biota Neotropica, 19(3): e20180675. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0675.
Sonoda, K.C.; Vettorazzi, C.A.; Ortega, E.M.M. 2011. Relação entre uso do solo e composição de insetos aquáticos de quatro bacias hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 6(3): 187-200. https://doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2011.63.06.
Teresa, F.B.; Carvalho, F.R. 2008. Feeding association between benthic and nektonic Neotropical stream fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(1): 109-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252008000100013.
Trindade, M.E. de J.; Peressin, A.; Cetra, M.; Jucá-Chagas, R. 2013. Variation in the diet of a small characin according to the riparian zone coverage in an Atlantic Forest stream, northeastern Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 25(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013000100005.
Villéger, S.; Miranda, J.R.; Hernandéz, D.F.; Mouillot, D. 2010. Contrasting changes in taxonomic vs. functional diversity of tropical communities after habitat degradation. Ecological Applications, 20(6): 1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1310.1.
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2021-11-27
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