Studies on the acute toxicity of copper oxychloride for the fish Poecilia reticulata
Keywords:
Poecilia reticulata, acute toxicity, copper oxychloride, bioaccumulationAbstract
The present study was carried out with the objective of determining the acute toxicity of the fungicide copper oxychloride for the common guppy (Poecilia reticulata), as well as the bioaccumulation of that substance in the fish. In the test of acute toxicity, the guppies of both sexes, with approximately 90 ± 10 mg of weight, were exposed to growing concentrations of the fungicide for 96 hours. The LC50 calculated was 0.1 mg/L of copper oxychloride, corresponding to 0.06 mg/L of metallic copper. In the bioaccumulation test, the fishes were exposed to the concentrations of 0.02 and 0.0006 mg/L of copper for 192 hours, and after transferred to uncontaminated water, where they lasted for 168 hours, in order to observe the capacity of the fishes in depurate the metal. In the test, the copper accumulation was registered in fishes exposed to both tested concentrations, however the metal was totally eliminated only by the fishes exposed to the smallest concentration (0.0006 mg/L).
References
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SPRAGUE, J.B. 1970 Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish II. Utilizing and applying bioassay results. Wat. Res., Oxford, 4(1): 3-32.
SVOBODOVA, Z.; HAVLIKOVA, J.; SAUER, J. 1983 Acute toxicity of chemicals on the basis of cooper oxychloride to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Pr. Vurh. Vodnany Pap. Rifh Vodnany, 12: 16-28.
TAS, J.W.; KEIZER, A.; OPPERHUIZEN, A. 1996 Bioacumulation and body burden of four triorganotin compounds. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57: 146-154.
Yarzhombek, A.A.; Mikulin, A.Y.; Zhdanova, A.N. 1991 Toxicity of substances in relation to form of exposure. J. Ichthyol., 31(7): 99-106.
APHA - American Public Health Association; AWWA í American Water Works Association; WPCF í Water Pollution Control Federation 1998 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20. ed. Washington DC. 1085p.
WPCF í Water Pollution Control Federation 1998 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20. ed. Washington DC. 1085p.
BAPTISTA, G.C. 1988 Introdução e ocorrência de defensivos agrícolas no meio ambiente. In: CURSO DE DEFENSIVOS AGRÍCOLAS, INSETICIDAS E ACARICIDAS í MÓDULO 4., Brasília, 1988. MEC/ABEAS. 17p.
CONAMA í Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente 1986 Resolução no 20 de 18 de junho de 1986. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, Art. 4o , item í m,30/07/1986.
DEVALECHIA, M.L. 1981 Tolerí¢ncia a íons cuprinos em acará, Geophagus brasiliensis. São Carlos. 272p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de São Carlos).
GIANOTTI, E.P. 1985 Contaminação da água pelo zinco: estudo de alguns aspectos relacionados com a toxicidade a peixes. São Carlos. 150p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de São Carlos).
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSTON, V.1977 Trimed Spearman-Karber method for estimating medial lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci. Technol., 7: 714-719.
IBAMA í Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente 1987 Manual de testes para avaliação da ecotoxicidade de agentes químicos: Avaliação da toxicidade aguda para peixes. Brasília. 128p.
KHANGAROT e RAY 1987 Studies on the acute toxicity of copper and mercury alone and in combination to the guppy Poecilia reticulata (PETERS). Arch. Hydrobiol., 110(2): 303-314.
KOHNEM, U.P. 1991 O guppy í criação e desenvolvimento. 2 ed. São Paulo: Nobel. p.09-26.
KUMAR, S.; SAHAY, S.S.; SINHA, M.K. 1995 Bioassay of distilery efluent on common guppy,Lebistes reticulatus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 54: 309-316.
LOMBARDI, J.V.; MACHADO-NETO, J.G.; BROSSIGARCIA, A.L.; MARQUES, H.L.A.; KUBO, E. 2000 Acute toxicity of the fungicide copper oxyhcloride to the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol., 65(3): 383-390.
LOMBARDI, J.V.; PERPÉTUO, T.R.; FERREIRA, C.M.; MACHADO-NETO, J.G.; MARQUES, H.L.A. 2002 Acute toxicity of the fungicide copper oxychloride to tadpoles of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,
69: 415-420.
MACHADO NETO, J.G. 1991 Ecotoxicologia de agrotóxicos. Jaboticabal: FUNEP. 49p.
MAZON, A.F. 1997 Efeitos do íon cobre sobre o curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1881).São Carlos. 160p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de São Carlos).
MURTY, A.S. 1988a Toxicity of pesticide to fish.
CRC Press. v. 1, 129p.
MURTY, A.S. 1988b Toxicity of pesticide to fish. CRC Press. v. 2, 165p.
OLIVEIRA-FILHO, E.C.; LOPES, R.M.; PAUMGARTEEN, F.J.R. 1997 Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do oxicloreto de cobre para o peixe Brachidanyo rerio. Rev. Bras. Toxicol., 10(2):82. Suplemento.
RAND, G.M. e PETROCELLI, S.R. 1985 Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology. Washington. 665p.
SEDDEK, A. 1990 Acute toxicity studies of the molluscide copper sulfate (CuSO4 ) on some nile fish. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 23(45):166-175.
SOMSIRI, C. 1982 Acute toxicity of mercury, copper and zinc to nile tilapia. Thai. Fish. Gaz.,35(3): 313-318.
SPRAGUE, J.B. 1970 Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish II. Utilizing and applying bioassay results. Wat. Res., Oxford, 4(1): 3-32.
SVOBODOVA, Z.; HAVLIKOVA, J.; SAUER, J. 1983 Acute toxicity of chemicals on the basis of cooper oxychloride to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Pr. Vurh. Vodnany Pap. Rifh Vodnany, 12: 16-28.
TAS, J.W.; KEIZER, A.; OPPERHUIZEN, A. 1996 Bioacumulation and body burden of four triorganotin compounds. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57: 146-154.
Yarzhombek, A.A.; Mikulin, A.Y.; Zhdanova, A.N. 1991 Toxicity of substances in relation to form of exposure. J. Ichthyol., 31(7): 99-106.
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2018-07-19
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