Biology and aquaculture of cobia: a review
Keywords:
Rachycentron canadum, food habit, reproductive biology, marine fish farmingAbstract
This article presents a review of the biology and the state-of-the-art of the culture of cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a native species to Brazilian coastal waters, which, in the last few years, has been targeted as a potential candidate for marine fish farming in Brazil. Main research findings related to feeding, age and growth, reproduction, larviculture, growout, nutrition and feeding, diseases and market that were published until January 2013 are presented and discussed.
References
ARENDT, M.D.; OLNEY, J.E.; LUCY, J.A. 2001 Stomach content analysis of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from lower Chesapeake Bay. Fishery Bulletin, 99: 665í 670.
ARNOLD, C.R.; KAISER, J.B.; HOLT, G.J. 2002 Spawning of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in captivity. Journal of World Aquaculture Society,33(2): 205-208.
ATWOOD, H.L.; YOUNG, S.P.; TOMASSO, J.R.;SMITH, T.I.J. 2004 Resistance of cobia,
Rachycentron canadum, juveniles to low salinity, low temperature, and high environmental nitrite concentrations. Journal of Applied Aquaculture,15(3/4): 191-195.
BALDISSEROTTO, B. e GOMES, L.C. 2010 Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. 2ª ed. Santa Maria: Editora da UFSM. 608p.
BENETTI, D.D.; ORHUN, M.R.; SARDENBERG, B.;O’HANLON, B.; WELCH, A.; HOENIG, R.; ZINK, I.; RIVERA, J.A.; DENLINGER, B.; BACOAT, D.; PALMER, K.; CAVALIN, F. 2008
Advances in hatchery and grow-out technology of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus).Aquaculture Research, 39: 701-711.
BENETTI, D.D.; O’HANLON, B.; RIVERA, J.A.;WELCH, A.W.; MAXEY, C.; ORHUN, M.R. 2010 Growth rates of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cultured in open ocean submerged cages in the Caribbean. Aquaculture, 302: 195-201.
BIANCHI, G. 1985 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Pakistan.Roma: FAO. 200p.
BIESIOT, P.M.; CAYLOR, R.E.; FRANKS, J.S. 1994 Biochemical and histological changes during ovarian development of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 92: 686-696.
BRASIL. 2007 Estatística da pesca - 2007 - Brasil.Ministério do Meio Ambiente, IBAMA
Coordenação-Geral de Gestão de RecursosPesqueiros. Brasília. 113p.
BRASIL. 2010 Boletim estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura í Brasil 2008-2009. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. Brasília. 99p.
BRASIL. 2012 Boletim estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura í Brasil 2010. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura.Brasília. 128p.
BRIGGS, J.C. 1960 Fishes of worldwide(Circumtropical) distribution. Copeia, 1960(3):
171-180.
BROWN-PETERSON, N.J.; OVERSTREET, R.M.;LOTZ, J.M.; FRANKS, J.S.; BURNS, K.M. 2001 Reproductive biology of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from coastal waters of the southern United States. Fishery Bulletin, 99: 15í 28.
BUNKLEY-WILLIAMS, L. e WILLIAMS, E.H. Jr. 2006 New records of parasites for cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Perciformes:Rachycentridae) in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54(supl. 3): 1-7.
CARVALHO FILHO, A. 1999 Peixes da Costa brasileira. 3ª ed. São Paulo: Ed. Melro. 320p.
CARVALHO FILHO, J. 2006 O êxito da primeira desova do bijupirá. Panorama da Aquicultura,16(97): 40-45.
CARVALHO FILHO, J. 2010 Bijupirá em viveiro de terra. Panorama da Aquicultura, 20(120): 46-49.
CAVALLI, R. O. e HAMILTON, S. 2009 Piscicultura marinha no Brasil com ênfase na produção do beijupirá. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal,6: 64-69.
CAVALLI, R.O. e GARCIA, A.S. 2012 Exigências nutricionais e alimentação do beijupirá. In: FRACALOSSI, D.M. e CYRINO, J.E.P. Nutriaqua - Nutrição e alimentação de espécies de interesse para a aquicultura brasileira. Florianópolis, Brasil: Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática - AQUABIO. p.269-282.
CAVALLI, R.O.; DOMINGUES, E.C.; HAMILTON,S. 2011 Desenvolvimento da produção de peixes marinhos em mar aberto no Brasil: possibilidades e desafios. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40: 151-164.
CAYLOR, R.E.; BIESIOT, P.M.; FRANKS, J.S. 1994 Culture of cobia (Rachycentron canadum):cryopreservation of sperm and induced spawning. Aquaculture, 125: 81-92.
CHEN, H.Y. e LIAO, I.C. 2007 Nutritional research and feed development in cobia: status and prospects.In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia aquaculture:research, development and commercial production.Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.89-96.
CHEN, S.C.; KOU, R.J.; WU,C.T.; WANG, P.C.; SU,F.Z. 2001 Mass mortality associated with a Sphaerospora-like myxosporidean infestation in juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), marine cage cultured in Taiwan. Journal of Fish Diseases,24: 189-195.
CHOU, R.L.; SU, M.S.; CHEN, H.Y. 2001 Optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 193: 81-89.
CHOU, R.L.; HER, B.Y., SU, M.S.; HWANG, G.; WU,Y.H.; CHEN, H.Y. 2004 Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 229: 325-333.
COLBURN, H.R.; WALKER, A.B.; BERLINSKY, D.L.;NARDI, G.C. 2008 Factors affecting survival of cobia Rachycentron canadum, during simulated transport. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,39: 678-683.
COLLETE, B.B. 2002 Rachycentridae. Cobia. In:CARPENTER, K.E. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Atlantic. v. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. Roma: FAO.p.1420-1421.
CRAIG, S.R.; SCHWARZ, M.H.; MCLEAN, E. 2006 Juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) can utilize a wide range of protein and lipid levels without impacts on production characteristics.Aquaculture, 261: 384-391
DARRACOTT, A. 1977 Availability, morphometrics,feeding and breeding activity in a multispecies, demersal fish stock of the western Indian Ocean.Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 1-16.
DAWSON, C.E. 1971 Occurrence and description of prejuvenile and early juvenile Gulf of Mexico cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Copeia, 1971(1): 65-71.
DOMINGUES, E.C. 2012 Viabilidade econômica do cultivo do beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) em mar aberto em Pernambuco. Recife. 84p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco). Disponível em:http://www.pgpa.ufrpe.br/Trabalhos/2012/T2012ecd.pdf> Acesso em: 30 jan. 2013.
DOMINGUES, E.C.; PEREGRINO JR., R.B.;SANTOS, J.C.P.; SEVERI, W.; HAZIN, F.H.V.;
HAMILTON, S. 2007 Biologia reprodutiva do beijupirá, Rachycentron canadum, capturado no litoral de Pernambucano. In: CONGRESSO LATINO-AMERICANO DE CIíÅ NCIAS DO MAR 12, Florianópolis, 15-19/abr./2007. Anais...Associação Brasileira de Oceanografia. CDROM.
FAO. 2012 Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Statistic and Information Service. FishStatJ: Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Copyright 2011.
FAO. 2013 Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme í Rachycentron canadum Disponível em: www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Rachycentroncanadum/en Acesso em: 29 jan.2013.
FAULK, C.K. e HOLT, G.J. 2006 Responses of cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae to abrupt or gradual changes in salinity. Aquaculture, 254:275-283.
FAULK, C.K. e HOLT, G.J. 2008 Biochemical composition and quality of captive-spawned cobia Rachycentron canadum eggs. Aquaculture,279: 70-76.
FELIX, F.C. e HACKRADT, C.W. 2008 Interaction between Rachycentron canadum and Epinephelus itajara, on the Paraná coast, Brasil. Coral Reefs,27: 633.
FIGUEIREDO, J.L. e MENEZES, N.A. 1980 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. III. Teleostei (2). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP. 90p.
FINES, B.C. e HOLT, G.J. 2010 Chitinase and apparent digestibility of chitin in the digestive tract of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum.Aquaculture, 303: 34-39.
FRANKS, J.S.; GARBER, N.M.; WARREN, J.R. 1996 Stomach contents of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 94: 374-380.
FRANKS, J.S.; WARREN, J.R.; BUCHANAN, M.V. 1999 Age and growth of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 97: 459-471.
FRANKS, J.S.; OGLE, J.T.; LOTZ, J.M.; NICHOLSON,L.C.; BARNES, D.N.; LARSEN, K.M. 2001 Spontaneous spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with comments on fertilization, hatching, and larval development.Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 52: 598-609.
FRASER, T.W.K. e DAVIES, S.J. 2009 Nutritional requirements of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus): a review. Aquaculture Research, 40:1219-1234.
GAUMET, F.; BABET, M-C; BETTES, A.; TOULLEC,A.L.; SCHIRES, G.; BOSC, P. 2007 Advances in cobia, Rachycentron canadum, research in La Reunion Island (France): problems and perspectives. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M.Cobia Aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.115í 129.
GENG, X.; DONG, X.H.; TAN, B.P.; YANG, Q.; CHI,S.Y.; LIU, H.Y.; LIU, X.Q. 2011 Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31: 400-406.
GENG, X.; DONG, X.H.; TAN, B.P.; YANG, Q.H.; CHI, S.Y.; LIU, H.Y.; LIU, X.Q. 2012 Effects of dietary probiotics on the growth performance,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18: 46-55.
GILL, T. 1895 The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian fishes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum,
18(1059): 217-219.
GUERRA-SANTOS, B.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.;MOREIRA, E.L.T.; LIMA, F.W.M.; AZEVEDO,
T.M.P.; COSTA, D.S.P.; MEDEIROS, S.D.C.;LIRA, A.D. 2012 Parí¢metros hematológicos e
alterações histopatológicas em bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira,32(11): 1184-1190.
GRANT, G.S. e FERRELL, D. 1993 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Reptilia:
Dermochelidae): Notes on near-shore feeding behavior and association with cobia. Brimleyana,19: 77-81.
HASSLER, W.W. e RAINVILLE, R.P. 1975 Techniques for hatching and rearing cobia,
Rachycentron canadum, through larval and juvenile stages. University of North Carolina Sea Grant Program Publication, Raleigh, USA. UNCSG-75-30. 26p.
HITZFELDER, G.M.; HOLT, G.J.; FOX, J.M; McKEE,D.A. 2006 The effect of rearing density on growth and survival of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, larvae in a closed recirculating aquaculture system. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(2): 204-209.
HO, J.S.; KIM, I.H.; CRUZ-LACIERDA, E.R.; NAGASAWA, K. 2004 Sea lice (Copepoda,
Caligidae) parasitic on marine cultured and wild fishes of the Philippines. Journal of Fishery Society of Taiwan, 31(4): 235-249.
HOLT, G.J.; FAULK, C.K.; SCHWARZ, M.H. 2007 A review of the larviculture of cobia Rachycentrom canadum, a warm water marine fish. Aquaculture,268: 181í 187.
JOHNSON, G.D. 1984 Percoidei: development and relationships. In: MOSER, H.G.; RICHARDS, W.J.; COHEN, D.M.; FAHAY, M.P.; KENDALL, A.W.; RICHARDSON, S.L. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Icthyology Herpetologist: Special Publication, 1:p.464-498.
JOSEPH, E.B.; NORCROSS, J.J.; MASSMANN, W.H.1964 Spawning of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in the Chesapeake Bay area, with observations of juvenile specimens. Chesapeake Science, 5(1/2): 67-71.
KAISER, J.B. e HOLT, G.J. 2005 Species Profile Cobia. (S.I.): Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication 7202, 6 p. Disponível em: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/180/ Acesso em: 23 jan. 2013.
KERBER, C.E.; SANCHES, E.G.; SANTIAGO, M.; LUQUE, J.L. 2011 First record of Neobenedenia melleni (Monogenea: Capsalidae) in sea-farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 20: 331-333.
KILDUFF, P.; DUPAUL, W.; OESTERLING, M.;OLNEY, J.; TELLOCK, J. 2002 Induced tank
spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, and early larval husbandry. World Aquaculture, 33:35-39.
KNAPP, F.T. 1951 Food habits of the sergeantfish, Rachycentron canadus. Copeia, 1951(1): 101-102.
LEFEBVRE, L.S. e DENSON, M.R. 2012 Inshore spawning of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in South Carolina. Fishery Bulletin, 110: 397-412.
LIAO, I.C.; HUANG, T.S.; TSAI, W.S.; HSUEH, C.M.;CHANG, S.L.; LEAí"˜O, E.M. 2004 Cobia culture in Taiwan: current status and problems.Aquaculture, 237: 155-165.
LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. 2007 Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. 178p.
LIM, B.S.; KAGAWA, H.; GEN, K.; OKUZAWA, K. 2003 Effects of water temperature on the gonadal development and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the gonad of juvenile red seabream, Pagrus major. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 28: 161-162.
LIMA, F. 2009 Estado realiza operação pioneira.Jornal do Commercio, Recife, p. 8. Economia, 25 de out. 2009.
LIMA, L.N.S.S.; BEZERRA, T.R.Q.; HAMILTON, S.;CAVALLI, R.O. 2012 Identificação de regiões favoráveis ao cultivo de beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) no litoral brasileiro considerando a temperatura como fator determinante. In:CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE AQUICULTURA E BIOLOGIA 5, Palmas, 01-05/jul./2012. Anais... Aquabio. CD-ROM.
LIN, J.H.Y; CHEN, T.Y.; CHEN, M.S.; CHEN, H.E.;CHOU, R.L.; CHEN, T.I.; SU, M.S.; YANG, H.L.2006 Vaccination with three inactivated pathogens of cobia (Rachycentron canadum)stimulates protective immunity. Aquaculture, 255: 125í 132.
LIU, K.; WANG, X.J.; AI, Q.; MAI, K.; ZHANG, W.2010 Dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Research, 41: 594-601.
LIU, K.; AI, Q.H.; MAI, K.S.; ZHANG, W.B.;ZHANG, L.; ZHENG, S.X. 2013 Dietary
manganese requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Nutrition,19: 461-467.
LOPES, P.R.D.; OLIVEIRA-SILVA, J.T.; SENA, M.P.2001 Ocorrência de Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) (Actinopterygii:Rachycentridae) na Baía de Todos os Santos, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas, 1(1): 56-59.
LOTZ, J.M.; OVERSTREET, R.M.; FRANKS, J.S. 1996 Gonadal maturation in the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico.Gulf Research Reports, 9: 147í 159.
LU, C.H. e KU, C.C. 2013. Effects of shrimp waste meal on growth performance and chitinase activity in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture Research, 44: 1190-1195.
MAI, K.; XIAO, L.; AI, Q.; WANG, X.; XU, W.;ZHANG, W.; LIUFU, Z.; REN, M. 2009 Dietary
choline requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 289: 124í 128.
McLEAN, E.; SALZE, G.; CRAIG, S.R. 2008 Parasites, diseases and deformities of cobia. Ribarstvo,66(1): 1-16.
MEYER, G.H. e FRANKS, J.S. 1996 Food of cobia Rachycentron canadum from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Report, 9: 161-167.
MIAO, S.; JEN, C.C., HUANG, C.T.; HU, S.H. 2009 Ecological and economic analysis for cobia Rachycentron canadum commercial cage culture in Taiwan. Aquaculture International, 17: 125-141
NAKAMURA, H. 2007 Cobia culture in Okinawa. In:LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E. M, Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production.Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.97-103.
NGUYEN, Q.H.; SVEIER, H.; BUI, V.H.; LE, A.T.;NHU, V.C.; TRAN, M.T.; SVENNEVIG, N. 2008 Growth performance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in sea cages using extruded fish feed or trash fish. In: YANG, Y.; VU, X.Z.; ZHOU, Y.Q.Cage aquaculture in Asia: Proceeding of the second international symposium on cage aquaculture in
Asia. Manila, Philippines: Asian Fishery Society.p.42í 47.
NGUYEN, Q.H.; TRAN, T.M.; REINERTSEN, H.;KJíËœRSVIK, E. 2010 Effects of dietary essential fatty acid levels on broodstock spawning performance and egg fatty acid composition of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Journal World Aquaculture Society, 41(5): 687í 699.
NHU, V.C.; DIERCKENS, K.; NGUYEN, T.H.;TRAN, M.T.; SORGELOOS, P. 2009 Can
umbrella-stage Artemia franciscana substitute enriched rotifers for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish larvae? Aquaculture, 289: 64-69.
NHU, V.C.; NGUYEN, H.Q.; LE, T.L.; TRAN, M.T.;SORGELOOS, P.; DIERCKENS, K.;
REINERTSEN, H.; KJíËœRSVIK, E.; SVENNEVIG,N. 2011 Cobia Rachycentron canadum aquaculture in Vietnam: recent developments and prospects.Aquaculture, 315(1-2): 20-25.
NIU, J.; LIU, Y.J.; TIAN, L.X.; MAI, K.S.; YANG, H.J.;YE, C.X.; ZHU, Y. 2008a The effect of different levels of dietary phospholipids on growth,survival and nutrient composition of early juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 249í 256.
NIU, J.; LIU, Y.J.; TIAN, L.X.; MAI, K.S.; YANG, H.J.;YE, C.X.; ZHU, Y. 2008b Effects of dietary phospholipid level in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) larvae: growth, survival, plasma lipids and enzymes of lipid metabolism. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34: 9í 17.
OGAWA, K.; MIYAMOTO, J.; WANG, H.C.; LO, C.F;KOU, G.H. 2006 Neobenedenia girellae (Monogenea) infection of cultured cobia Rachycentron canadum in Taiwan. Fish Pathology, 41(2): 51-56.
OSTRENSKY, A. e BOEGER, W. A. 2008 Principais problemas enfrentados atualmente pela aqüicultura Brasileira. In: OSTRENSKY, A.;BORGHETTI, J.R.; SOTO, D. Aquicultura no Brasil: o desafio é crescer. Brasília: FAO. p.135-158.
PEREGRINO JR, R.B; HAMILTON, S.;DOMINGUES, E.C.; MANZELLA JR, J.C.;HAZIN, F.H.V.; CAVALLI, R.O. In Press.Desempenho reprodutivo do beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) capturado no litoral de Pernambuco. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina
Veterinária e Zootecnia.
PISO, W. e MARCGRAVE, G. 1648 Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Leiden: Franciscus Hack. Amsterdam: Ludovicus Elzevier. 452p.
RAJAN, P.R.; LOPEZ, C.; LIN, J.H.Y.; YANG, H.L.2001 Vibrio alginolyticus infection in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cultured in Taiwan. Bulletin of the European Society of Fish Pathologists, 21(6): 228-234.
RANDALL, J.E. e BISHOP, B.P. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 5: 665-847.
REN, M.; AI, Q.; MAI, K.; MA, H.; WANG, X. 2011 Effect of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility coefficient and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Research, 42: 1467-1475.
RESLEY, M.J.; WEBB, K.A.; HOLT, G.J. 2006 Growth and survival of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, at different salinities in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture, 253: 398-407.
RICHARDS, C.E. 1967 Age, growth and fecundity of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from Chesapeake Bay and adjacent Mid-Atlantic waters. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 96(3): 343-350.
RODRIGUES, R.V.; SCHWARZ, M.H.; DELBOS,B.C.; SAMPAIO, L.A. 2007 Acute toxicity and subletal effects of ammonia and nitrite for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum.Aquaculture, 271: 553-557.
SAMPAIO, L.A.; TESSER, M.B.; WASIELESKY JR,W. 2010 Avanços da maricultura na primeira década do século XXI: piscicultura e carcinocultura marinha. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39: 102-111.
SAMPAIO, L.A.; MOREIRA, C.B.; MIRANDAFILHO, K.C.; ROMBENSO, A.N. 2011 Culture of cobia Rachycentron canadum (L) in near-shore cages off the Brazilian coast. Aquaculture Research, 42: 832-834.
SANCHES, E.G.; SECKENDORFF, R.W.V.;HENRIQUES, M.B.; FAGUNDES, L.; SEBASTIANI, E.F. 2008 Viabilidade econômica do cultivo do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum)
em sistema offshore. Informações Econômicas,38(12): 42-51.
SCHUBART, O. 1936 Investigações sobre os viveiros do Recife. Boletim da Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio do Estado de Pernambuco, 1(2):153-176.
SCHWARZ, M.H.; McLEAN, E.; CRAIG, S.R. 2007 Research experience with cobia: larval rearing, juvenile nutrition and general physiology. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia Aquaculture:Research, Development and Commercial Production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.1-17.
SCHWARZ, M.H.; CRAIG, S.R.; DELBOS, B.C.;McLEAN, E. 2008 Efficacy of concentrated algal paste during greenwater phase of cobia larviculture. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 20(4): 285-294.
SCHWARZ, M.H. e SVENNEVIG, N. 2009 Cobia culture, global production, markets, challenges. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 12(1): 28-30.
SHAFFER, R.V. e NAKAMURA, E.L. 1989 Synopsis of biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Pisces: Rachycentridae). FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 153. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report. Washington D.C. 21p.
SILVA, J.E. 1976 Fisioecologia do camorim, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792). Estudo experimental em ambiente confinado. São Paulo. 101p. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo).SMITH, H.M. 1897 The fishes found in the vicinity of
Woods Hole. Bulletin of The United States Fish Comission, 1897: 85-111.
SMITH, J.W. e MERRINER, J.V. 1982 Association of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, with cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus. Estuaries, 5(3): 240-242.
SMITH, J.W. 1995 Life history of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Osteichthyes: Rachycentridae), in North Carolina Waters. Brimleyana, 23: 1-23.
SOUZA, T.C.M. e PETRERE, M. 2008 Characterization of small-scale fisheries in the
Camamu-Almada basin, southeast state of Bahia, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4):711-719.
SOUZA FILHO, J.J.; TOSTA, G.A.M. 2008 Bijupirá: As primeiras desovas da geração F1. Panorama da Aquicultura, 18(110): 50-53.
STIEGLITZ, J.D.; BENETTI, D.D.; HOENIG, R.H.;SARDENBERG, B.; WELCH, A.W.; MIRALAO, S. 2012a Environmentally conditioned, yearround volitional spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum in broodstock maturation systems.Aquaculture Research, 43: 1557-1566.
STIEGLITZ, J.D.; BENETTI, D.D.; SERAFY, J.E. 2012b Optimizing transport of live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum): effects of salinity and shipping biomass. Aquaculture, 364-365: 293-297.
SU, M.S.; CHIEN, Y.H.; LIAO, I.C. 2000 Potential of marine cage aquaculture in Taiwan: cobia culture. In: LIAO, I.C. e LIN, C.K. Cage aquaculture in Asia. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia. Manila: Asian Fisheries Society. p.97-106.
SUN, L.; CHEN, H.; HUANG, L. 2006 Effect of temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 261: 872í 878.
TANG, B.G.; CHEN, G.; SHI, G.; WU, Z.H. 2006 Alimentary canal contents of cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae cultured in ponds. Journal Zhanjiang Ocean University, 26: 12-16.
TANG, B.G.; CHEN, G.; WU, Z.H. 2010 Application of a microdiet in cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) larvae rearing. Aquaculture Research, 41: 315-320.
VELDE, T.D.; GRIFFITHS, S.P.; FRY, G.C. 2010 Reproductive biology of the commercially and recreationally important cobia Rachycentron canadum in northeastern Australia. Fishery Science, 76: 33-43
WEBB, K.A.; RAWLINSON, L.T.; HOLT, G.J. 2010 Effects of dietary starches and the protein to energy ratio on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16: 447í 456.
WEIRICH, C.R.; SMITH, T.I.J.; DENSON, M.R.; STOKES, A.D.; JENKINS, W.E. 2004 Pond
culture of larval and juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in the Southeastern United States:initial observations. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 16(1/2): 27-44.
WEIRICH, C.R.; STOKES, A.D.; SMITH, T.I.J.; JENKINS, W.E.; DENSON, M.R.; TOMASSO,
J.R.; CHAPPEL, J.; BURNSIDE, D. 2007 Cobia Aquaculture research in South Carolina, USA: captive reproduction, pond nursery production,and selected environmental requirements of juveniles. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.19-44
XIAO, L.D.; MAI, K.S.; AI, Q.H; XU, W.; WANG, X.J.;ZHANG, W.B.; LIUFU, Z.G. 2010 Dietary ascorbic acid requirement of cobia, Rachycentron canadum Linneaus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16: 582-589.
YU, S.L.; UENG, P.S. 2007 Impact of water temperature on growth in cobia,Rachycentron canadum, cultured in cages. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 59(1): 47-51.
ZHOU, Q.C.; WU, Z.H.; TAN, B.P.; CHI, S.Y.;YANG, Q.H. 2006 Optimal dietary methionine requirement for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 258: 551-557.
ZHOU, Q.C.; WU, Z.H.; TAN, B.P.; CHI, S.Y.;YANG, Q.H. 2007 Dietary lisine requirement of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture, 273: 634-640.
ARNOLD, C.R.; KAISER, J.B.; HOLT, G.J. 2002 Spawning of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in captivity. Journal of World Aquaculture Society,33(2): 205-208.
ATWOOD, H.L.; YOUNG, S.P.; TOMASSO, J.R.;SMITH, T.I.J. 2004 Resistance of cobia,
Rachycentron canadum, juveniles to low salinity, low temperature, and high environmental nitrite concentrations. Journal of Applied Aquaculture,15(3/4): 191-195.
BALDISSEROTTO, B. e GOMES, L.C. 2010 Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. 2ª ed. Santa Maria: Editora da UFSM. 608p.
BENETTI, D.D.; ORHUN, M.R.; SARDENBERG, B.;O’HANLON, B.; WELCH, A.; HOENIG, R.; ZINK, I.; RIVERA, J.A.; DENLINGER, B.; BACOAT, D.; PALMER, K.; CAVALIN, F. 2008
Advances in hatchery and grow-out technology of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus).Aquaculture Research, 39: 701-711.
BENETTI, D.D.; O’HANLON, B.; RIVERA, J.A.;WELCH, A.W.; MAXEY, C.; ORHUN, M.R. 2010 Growth rates of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cultured in open ocean submerged cages in the Caribbean. Aquaculture, 302: 195-201.
BIANCHI, G. 1985 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Pakistan.Roma: FAO. 200p.
BIESIOT, P.M.; CAYLOR, R.E.; FRANKS, J.S. 1994 Biochemical and histological changes during ovarian development of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 92: 686-696.
BRASIL. 2007 Estatística da pesca - 2007 - Brasil.Ministério do Meio Ambiente, IBAMA
Coordenação-Geral de Gestão de RecursosPesqueiros. Brasília. 113p.
BRASIL. 2010 Boletim estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura í Brasil 2008-2009. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. Brasília. 99p.
BRASIL. 2012 Boletim estatístico da Pesca e Aquicultura í Brasil 2010. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura.Brasília. 128p.
BRIGGS, J.C. 1960 Fishes of worldwide(Circumtropical) distribution. Copeia, 1960(3):
171-180.
BROWN-PETERSON, N.J.; OVERSTREET, R.M.;LOTZ, J.M.; FRANKS, J.S.; BURNS, K.M. 2001 Reproductive biology of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from coastal waters of the southern United States. Fishery Bulletin, 99: 15í 28.
BUNKLEY-WILLIAMS, L. e WILLIAMS, E.H. Jr. 2006 New records of parasites for cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Perciformes:Rachycentridae) in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54(supl. 3): 1-7.
CARVALHO FILHO, A. 1999 Peixes da Costa brasileira. 3ª ed. São Paulo: Ed. Melro. 320p.
CARVALHO FILHO, J. 2006 O êxito da primeira desova do bijupirá. Panorama da Aquicultura,16(97): 40-45.
CARVALHO FILHO, J. 2010 Bijupirá em viveiro de terra. Panorama da Aquicultura, 20(120): 46-49.
CAVALLI, R. O. e HAMILTON, S. 2009 Piscicultura marinha no Brasil com ênfase na produção do beijupirá. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal,6: 64-69.
CAVALLI, R.O. e GARCIA, A.S. 2012 Exigências nutricionais e alimentação do beijupirá. In: FRACALOSSI, D.M. e CYRINO, J.E.P. Nutriaqua - Nutrição e alimentação de espécies de interesse para a aquicultura brasileira. Florianópolis, Brasil: Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática - AQUABIO. p.269-282.
CAVALLI, R.O.; DOMINGUES, E.C.; HAMILTON,S. 2011 Desenvolvimento da produção de peixes marinhos em mar aberto no Brasil: possibilidades e desafios. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40: 151-164.
CAYLOR, R.E.; BIESIOT, P.M.; FRANKS, J.S. 1994 Culture of cobia (Rachycentron canadum):cryopreservation of sperm and induced spawning. Aquaculture, 125: 81-92.
CHEN, H.Y. e LIAO, I.C. 2007 Nutritional research and feed development in cobia: status and prospects.In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia aquaculture:research, development and commercial production.Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.89-96.
CHEN, S.C.; KOU, R.J.; WU,C.T.; WANG, P.C.; SU,F.Z. 2001 Mass mortality associated with a Sphaerospora-like myxosporidean infestation in juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), marine cage cultured in Taiwan. Journal of Fish Diseases,24: 189-195.
CHOU, R.L.; SU, M.S.; CHEN, H.Y. 2001 Optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 193: 81-89.
CHOU, R.L.; HER, B.Y., SU, M.S.; HWANG, G.; WU,Y.H.; CHEN, H.Y. 2004 Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 229: 325-333.
COLBURN, H.R.; WALKER, A.B.; BERLINSKY, D.L.;NARDI, G.C. 2008 Factors affecting survival of cobia Rachycentron canadum, during simulated transport. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,39: 678-683.
COLLETE, B.B. 2002 Rachycentridae. Cobia. In:CARPENTER, K.E. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Atlantic. v. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. Roma: FAO.p.1420-1421.
CRAIG, S.R.; SCHWARZ, M.H.; MCLEAN, E. 2006 Juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) can utilize a wide range of protein and lipid levels without impacts on production characteristics.Aquaculture, 261: 384-391
DARRACOTT, A. 1977 Availability, morphometrics,feeding and breeding activity in a multispecies, demersal fish stock of the western Indian Ocean.Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 1-16.
DAWSON, C.E. 1971 Occurrence and description of prejuvenile and early juvenile Gulf of Mexico cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Copeia, 1971(1): 65-71.
DOMINGUES, E.C. 2012 Viabilidade econômica do cultivo do beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) em mar aberto em Pernambuco. Recife. 84p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco). Disponível em:http://www.pgpa.ufrpe.br/Trabalhos/2012/T2012ecd.pdf> Acesso em: 30 jan. 2013.
DOMINGUES, E.C.; PEREGRINO JR., R.B.;SANTOS, J.C.P.; SEVERI, W.; HAZIN, F.H.V.;
HAMILTON, S. 2007 Biologia reprodutiva do beijupirá, Rachycentron canadum, capturado no litoral de Pernambucano. In: CONGRESSO LATINO-AMERICANO DE CIíÅ NCIAS DO MAR 12, Florianópolis, 15-19/abr./2007. Anais...Associação Brasileira de Oceanografia. CDROM.
FAO. 2012 Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Statistic and Information Service. FishStatJ: Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Copyright 2011.
FAO. 2013 Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme í Rachycentron canadum Disponível em: www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Rachycentroncanadum/en Acesso em: 29 jan.2013.
FAULK, C.K. e HOLT, G.J. 2006 Responses of cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae to abrupt or gradual changes in salinity. Aquaculture, 254:275-283.
FAULK, C.K. e HOLT, G.J. 2008 Biochemical composition and quality of captive-spawned cobia Rachycentron canadum eggs. Aquaculture,279: 70-76.
FELIX, F.C. e HACKRADT, C.W. 2008 Interaction between Rachycentron canadum and Epinephelus itajara, on the Paraná coast, Brasil. Coral Reefs,27: 633.
FIGUEIREDO, J.L. e MENEZES, N.A. 1980 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. III. Teleostei (2). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP. 90p.
FINES, B.C. e HOLT, G.J. 2010 Chitinase and apparent digestibility of chitin in the digestive tract of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum.Aquaculture, 303: 34-39.
FRANKS, J.S.; GARBER, N.M.; WARREN, J.R. 1996 Stomach contents of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 94: 374-380.
FRANKS, J.S.; WARREN, J.R.; BUCHANAN, M.V. 1999 Age and growth of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.Fishery Bulletin, 97: 459-471.
FRANKS, J.S.; OGLE, J.T.; LOTZ, J.M.; NICHOLSON,L.C.; BARNES, D.N.; LARSEN, K.M. 2001 Spontaneous spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with comments on fertilization, hatching, and larval development.Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 52: 598-609.
FRASER, T.W.K. e DAVIES, S.J. 2009 Nutritional requirements of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus): a review. Aquaculture Research, 40:1219-1234.
GAUMET, F.; BABET, M-C; BETTES, A.; TOULLEC,A.L.; SCHIRES, G.; BOSC, P. 2007 Advances in cobia, Rachycentron canadum, research in La Reunion Island (France): problems and perspectives. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M.Cobia Aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.115í 129.
GENG, X.; DONG, X.H.; TAN, B.P.; YANG, Q.; CHI,S.Y.; LIU, H.Y.; LIU, X.Q. 2011 Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31: 400-406.
GENG, X.; DONG, X.H.; TAN, B.P.; YANG, Q.H.; CHI, S.Y.; LIU, H.Y.; LIU, X.Q. 2012 Effects of dietary probiotics on the growth performance,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18: 46-55.
GILL, T. 1895 The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian fishes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum,
18(1059): 217-219.
GUERRA-SANTOS, B.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.;MOREIRA, E.L.T.; LIMA, F.W.M.; AZEVEDO,
T.M.P.; COSTA, D.S.P.; MEDEIROS, S.D.C.;LIRA, A.D. 2012 Parí¢metros hematológicos e
alterações histopatológicas em bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766) com amyloodiniose. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira,32(11): 1184-1190.
GRANT, G.S. e FERRELL, D. 1993 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Reptilia:
Dermochelidae): Notes on near-shore feeding behavior and association with cobia. Brimleyana,19: 77-81.
HASSLER, W.W. e RAINVILLE, R.P. 1975 Techniques for hatching and rearing cobia,
Rachycentron canadum, through larval and juvenile stages. University of North Carolina Sea Grant Program Publication, Raleigh, USA. UNCSG-75-30. 26p.
HITZFELDER, G.M.; HOLT, G.J.; FOX, J.M; McKEE,D.A. 2006 The effect of rearing density on growth and survival of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, larvae in a closed recirculating aquaculture system. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(2): 204-209.
HO, J.S.; KIM, I.H.; CRUZ-LACIERDA, E.R.; NAGASAWA, K. 2004 Sea lice (Copepoda,
Caligidae) parasitic on marine cultured and wild fishes of the Philippines. Journal of Fishery Society of Taiwan, 31(4): 235-249.
HOLT, G.J.; FAULK, C.K.; SCHWARZ, M.H. 2007 A review of the larviculture of cobia Rachycentrom canadum, a warm water marine fish. Aquaculture,268: 181í 187.
JOHNSON, G.D. 1984 Percoidei: development and relationships. In: MOSER, H.G.; RICHARDS, W.J.; COHEN, D.M.; FAHAY, M.P.; KENDALL, A.W.; RICHARDSON, S.L. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Icthyology Herpetologist: Special Publication, 1:p.464-498.
JOSEPH, E.B.; NORCROSS, J.J.; MASSMANN, W.H.1964 Spawning of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in the Chesapeake Bay area, with observations of juvenile specimens. Chesapeake Science, 5(1/2): 67-71.
KAISER, J.B. e HOLT, G.J. 2005 Species Profile Cobia. (S.I.): Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication 7202, 6 p. Disponível em: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/180/ Acesso em: 23 jan. 2013.
KERBER, C.E.; SANCHES, E.G.; SANTIAGO, M.; LUQUE, J.L. 2011 First record of Neobenedenia melleni (Monogenea: Capsalidae) in sea-farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 20: 331-333.
KILDUFF, P.; DUPAUL, W.; OESTERLING, M.;OLNEY, J.; TELLOCK, J. 2002 Induced tank
spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, and early larval husbandry. World Aquaculture, 33:35-39.
KNAPP, F.T. 1951 Food habits of the sergeantfish, Rachycentron canadus. Copeia, 1951(1): 101-102.
LEFEBVRE, L.S. e DENSON, M.R. 2012 Inshore spawning of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in South Carolina. Fishery Bulletin, 110: 397-412.
LIAO, I.C.; HUANG, T.S.; TSAI, W.S.; HSUEH, C.M.;CHANG, S.L.; LEAí"˜O, E.M. 2004 Cobia culture in Taiwan: current status and problems.Aquaculture, 237: 155-165.
LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. 2007 Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. 178p.
LIM, B.S.; KAGAWA, H.; GEN, K.; OKUZAWA, K. 2003 Effects of water temperature on the gonadal development and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the gonad of juvenile red seabream, Pagrus major. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 28: 161-162.
LIMA, F. 2009 Estado realiza operação pioneira.Jornal do Commercio, Recife, p. 8. Economia, 25 de out. 2009.
LIMA, L.N.S.S.; BEZERRA, T.R.Q.; HAMILTON, S.;CAVALLI, R.O. 2012 Identificação de regiões favoráveis ao cultivo de beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) no litoral brasileiro considerando a temperatura como fator determinante. In:CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE AQUICULTURA E BIOLOGIA 5, Palmas, 01-05/jul./2012. Anais... Aquabio. CD-ROM.
LIN, J.H.Y; CHEN, T.Y.; CHEN, M.S.; CHEN, H.E.;CHOU, R.L.; CHEN, T.I.; SU, M.S.; YANG, H.L.2006 Vaccination with three inactivated pathogens of cobia (Rachycentron canadum)stimulates protective immunity. Aquaculture, 255: 125í 132.
LIU, K.; WANG, X.J.; AI, Q.; MAI, K.; ZHANG, W.2010 Dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Research, 41: 594-601.
LIU, K.; AI, Q.H.; MAI, K.S.; ZHANG, W.B.;ZHANG, L.; ZHENG, S.X. 2013 Dietary
manganese requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Nutrition,19: 461-467.
LOPES, P.R.D.; OLIVEIRA-SILVA, J.T.; SENA, M.P.2001 Ocorrência de Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) (Actinopterygii:Rachycentridae) na Baía de Todos os Santos, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas, 1(1): 56-59.
LOTZ, J.M.; OVERSTREET, R.M.; FRANKS, J.S. 1996 Gonadal maturation in the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico.Gulf Research Reports, 9: 147í 159.
LU, C.H. e KU, C.C. 2013. Effects of shrimp waste meal on growth performance and chitinase activity in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture Research, 44: 1190-1195.
MAI, K.; XIAO, L.; AI, Q.; WANG, X.; XU, W.;ZHANG, W.; LIUFU, Z.; REN, M. 2009 Dietary
choline requirement for juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture, 289: 124í 128.
McLEAN, E.; SALZE, G.; CRAIG, S.R. 2008 Parasites, diseases and deformities of cobia. Ribarstvo,66(1): 1-16.
MEYER, G.H. e FRANKS, J.S. 1996 Food of cobia Rachycentron canadum from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Report, 9: 161-167.
MIAO, S.; JEN, C.C., HUANG, C.T.; HU, S.H. 2009 Ecological and economic analysis for cobia Rachycentron canadum commercial cage culture in Taiwan. Aquaculture International, 17: 125-141
NAKAMURA, H. 2007 Cobia culture in Okinawa. In:LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E. M, Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production.Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.97-103.
NGUYEN, Q.H.; SVEIER, H.; BUI, V.H.; LE, A.T.;NHU, V.C.; TRAN, M.T.; SVENNEVIG, N. 2008 Growth performance of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in sea cages using extruded fish feed or trash fish. In: YANG, Y.; VU, X.Z.; ZHOU, Y.Q.Cage aquaculture in Asia: Proceeding of the second international symposium on cage aquaculture in
Asia. Manila, Philippines: Asian Fishery Society.p.42í 47.
NGUYEN, Q.H.; TRAN, T.M.; REINERTSEN, H.;KJíËœRSVIK, E. 2010 Effects of dietary essential fatty acid levels on broodstock spawning performance and egg fatty acid composition of cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Journal World Aquaculture Society, 41(5): 687í 699.
NHU, V.C.; DIERCKENS, K.; NGUYEN, T.H.;TRAN, M.T.; SORGELOOS, P. 2009 Can
umbrella-stage Artemia franciscana substitute enriched rotifers for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish larvae? Aquaculture, 289: 64-69.
NHU, V.C.; NGUYEN, H.Q.; LE, T.L.; TRAN, M.T.;SORGELOOS, P.; DIERCKENS, K.;
REINERTSEN, H.; KJíËœRSVIK, E.; SVENNEVIG,N. 2011 Cobia Rachycentron canadum aquaculture in Vietnam: recent developments and prospects.Aquaculture, 315(1-2): 20-25.
NIU, J.; LIU, Y.J.; TIAN, L.X.; MAI, K.S.; YANG, H.J.;YE, C.X.; ZHU, Y. 2008a The effect of different levels of dietary phospholipids on growth,survival and nutrient composition of early juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 249í 256.
NIU, J.; LIU, Y.J.; TIAN, L.X.; MAI, K.S.; YANG, H.J.;YE, C.X.; ZHU, Y. 2008b Effects of dietary phospholipid level in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) larvae: growth, survival, plasma lipids and enzymes of lipid metabolism. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34: 9í 17.
OGAWA, K.; MIYAMOTO, J.; WANG, H.C.; LO, C.F;KOU, G.H. 2006 Neobenedenia girellae (Monogenea) infection of cultured cobia Rachycentron canadum in Taiwan. Fish Pathology, 41(2): 51-56.
OSTRENSKY, A. e BOEGER, W. A. 2008 Principais problemas enfrentados atualmente pela aqüicultura Brasileira. In: OSTRENSKY, A.;BORGHETTI, J.R.; SOTO, D. Aquicultura no Brasil: o desafio é crescer. Brasília: FAO. p.135-158.
PEREGRINO JR, R.B; HAMILTON, S.;DOMINGUES, E.C.; MANZELLA JR, J.C.;HAZIN, F.H.V.; CAVALLI, R.O. In Press.Desempenho reprodutivo do beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) capturado no litoral de Pernambuco. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina
Veterinária e Zootecnia.
PISO, W. e MARCGRAVE, G. 1648 Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Leiden: Franciscus Hack. Amsterdam: Ludovicus Elzevier. 452p.
RAJAN, P.R.; LOPEZ, C.; LIN, J.H.Y.; YANG, H.L.2001 Vibrio alginolyticus infection in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cultured in Taiwan. Bulletin of the European Society of Fish Pathologists, 21(6): 228-234.
RANDALL, J.E. e BISHOP, B.P. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 5: 665-847.
REN, M.; AI, Q.; MAI, K.; MA, H.; WANG, X. 2011 Effect of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility coefficient and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. Aquaculture Research, 42: 1467-1475.
RESLEY, M.J.; WEBB, K.A.; HOLT, G.J. 2006 Growth and survival of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, at different salinities in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture, 253: 398-407.
RICHARDS, C.E. 1967 Age, growth and fecundity of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from Chesapeake Bay and adjacent Mid-Atlantic waters. Transaction of the American Fisheries Society, 96(3): 343-350.
RODRIGUES, R.V.; SCHWARZ, M.H.; DELBOS,B.C.; SAMPAIO, L.A. 2007 Acute toxicity and subletal effects of ammonia and nitrite for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum.Aquaculture, 271: 553-557.
SAMPAIO, L.A.; TESSER, M.B.; WASIELESKY JR,W. 2010 Avanços da maricultura na primeira década do século XXI: piscicultura e carcinocultura marinha. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39: 102-111.
SAMPAIO, L.A.; MOREIRA, C.B.; MIRANDAFILHO, K.C.; ROMBENSO, A.N. 2011 Culture of cobia Rachycentron canadum (L) in near-shore cages off the Brazilian coast. Aquaculture Research, 42: 832-834.
SANCHES, E.G.; SECKENDORFF, R.W.V.;HENRIQUES, M.B.; FAGUNDES, L.; SEBASTIANI, E.F. 2008 Viabilidade econômica do cultivo do bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum)
em sistema offshore. Informações Econômicas,38(12): 42-51.
SCHUBART, O. 1936 Investigações sobre os viveiros do Recife. Boletim da Secretaria de Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio do Estado de Pernambuco, 1(2):153-176.
SCHWARZ, M.H.; McLEAN, E.; CRAIG, S.R. 2007 Research experience with cobia: larval rearing, juvenile nutrition and general physiology. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia Aquaculture:Research, Development and Commercial Production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.1-17.
SCHWARZ, M.H.; CRAIG, S.R.; DELBOS, B.C.;McLEAN, E. 2008 Efficacy of concentrated algal paste during greenwater phase of cobia larviculture. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 20(4): 285-294.
SCHWARZ, M.H. e SVENNEVIG, N. 2009 Cobia culture, global production, markets, challenges. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 12(1): 28-30.
SHAFFER, R.V. e NAKAMURA, E.L. 1989 Synopsis of biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Pisces: Rachycentridae). FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 153. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Report. Washington D.C. 21p.
SILVA, J.E. 1976 Fisioecologia do camorim, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792). Estudo experimental em ambiente confinado. São Paulo. 101p. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo).SMITH, H.M. 1897 The fishes found in the vicinity of
Woods Hole. Bulletin of The United States Fish Comission, 1897: 85-111.
SMITH, J.W. e MERRINER, J.V. 1982 Association of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, with cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus. Estuaries, 5(3): 240-242.
SMITH, J.W. 1995 Life history of cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Osteichthyes: Rachycentridae), in North Carolina Waters. Brimleyana, 23: 1-23.
SOUZA, T.C.M. e PETRERE, M. 2008 Characterization of small-scale fisheries in the
Camamu-Almada basin, southeast state of Bahia, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4):711-719.
SOUZA FILHO, J.J.; TOSTA, G.A.M. 2008 Bijupirá: As primeiras desovas da geração F1. Panorama da Aquicultura, 18(110): 50-53.
STIEGLITZ, J.D.; BENETTI, D.D.; HOENIG, R.H.;SARDENBERG, B.; WELCH, A.W.; MIRALAO, S. 2012a Environmentally conditioned, yearround volitional spawning of cobia, Rachycentron canadum in broodstock maturation systems.Aquaculture Research, 43: 1557-1566.
STIEGLITZ, J.D.; BENETTI, D.D.; SERAFY, J.E. 2012b Optimizing transport of live juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum): effects of salinity and shipping biomass. Aquaculture, 364-365: 293-297.
SU, M.S.; CHIEN, Y.H.; LIAO, I.C. 2000 Potential of marine cage aquaculture in Taiwan: cobia culture. In: LIAO, I.C. e LIN, C.K. Cage aquaculture in Asia. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cage Aquaculture in Asia. Manila: Asian Fisheries Society. p.97-106.
SUN, L.; CHEN, H.; HUANG, L. 2006 Effect of temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 261: 872í 878.
TANG, B.G.; CHEN, G.; SHI, G.; WU, Z.H. 2006 Alimentary canal contents of cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae cultured in ponds. Journal Zhanjiang Ocean University, 26: 12-16.
TANG, B.G.; CHEN, G.; WU, Z.H. 2010 Application of a microdiet in cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) larvae rearing. Aquaculture Research, 41: 315-320.
VELDE, T.D.; GRIFFITHS, S.P.; FRY, G.C. 2010 Reproductive biology of the commercially and recreationally important cobia Rachycentron canadum in northeastern Australia. Fishery Science, 76: 33-43
WEBB, K.A.; RAWLINSON, L.T.; HOLT, G.J. 2010 Effects of dietary starches and the protein to energy ratio on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16: 447í 456.
WEIRICH, C.R.; SMITH, T.I.J.; DENSON, M.R.; STOKES, A.D.; JENKINS, W.E. 2004 Pond
culture of larval and juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in the Southeastern United States:initial observations. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 16(1/2): 27-44.
WEIRICH, C.R.; STOKES, A.D.; SMITH, T.I.J.; JENKINS, W.E.; DENSON, M.R.; TOMASSO,
J.R.; CHAPPEL, J.; BURNSIDE, D. 2007 Cobia Aquaculture research in South Carolina, USA: captive reproduction, pond nursery production,and selected environmental requirements of juveniles. In: LIAO, I.C. e LEAí"˜O, E.M. Cobia aquaculture: research, development and commercial production. Taiwan: Asian Fisheries Society. p.19-44
XIAO, L.D.; MAI, K.S.; AI, Q.H; XU, W.; WANG, X.J.;ZHANG, W.B.; LIUFU, Z.G. 2010 Dietary ascorbic acid requirement of cobia, Rachycentron canadum Linneaus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16: 582-589.
YU, S.L.; UENG, P.S. 2007 Impact of water temperature on growth in cobia,Rachycentron canadum, cultured in cages. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 59(1): 47-51.
ZHOU, Q.C.; WU, Z.H.; TAN, B.P.; CHI, S.Y.;YANG, Q.H. 2006 Optimal dietary methionine requirement for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 258: 551-557.
ZHOU, Q.C.; WU, Z.H.; TAN, B.P.; CHI, S.Y.;YANG, Q.H. 2007 Dietary lisine requirement of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum).Aquaculture, 273: 634-640.
Downloads
Published
2018-11-13
Issue
Section
Short Communication
