Hematological and histopathological analysis in Nile tilapia, exposed to sublethal concentrations of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3 Se4+)
Keywords:
blood, head kidney, gill, aquaculture, aquatic toxicityAbstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic toxicity of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3 SE4+) on juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Therefore, a toxicity test was carried out with three sub-lethal concentrations of that salt (0.4 mgSe L-1, 0.04 mgSe L-1 and 0.01 mgSe L-1), plus a control group. The experiment was carried out for 14 days, sampling six individuals per treatment in intervals of 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days. Effects of chronic sub-lethal concentrations of selenite were evaluated by routine hematological and histopathological analysis. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the rate of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and an increase of the total number of leukocytes, mainly due to the increased number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. Severe gill hyperplasia was found on the fourteenth day. Nephrosis were observed in the cephalic kidney, characterized by glomerulonephritis and tubular vacuolar degeneration, which was a result of the necrosis or secondary infection, glomerular atrophy and glomerulosclerosis, proliferative glomerulonephritis, nephrosis, nephrosclerosis, tubular calcification, edema and hemorrhage. It was found that selenite at the tested concentrations, despite being sub-lethal, caused histological and hematological changes in Nile tilapia.
References
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DEAKER, M. e MAHER, W. 1997 Low volume microwave digestion for the determination of selenium in marine biological tissues by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.Analytica Chimica Acta, 350: 287-294.
EISLER, R. 1985 Selenium hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report, 85(1.5): 41p.
ENDO, T.; HARAGUCHI, K.; SAKATA, M. 2002 Mercury and selenium concentrations in the internal organs of toothed whales and dolphins marketed for human consumption in Japan. Science of the Total Environment, 300: 15-22.
FAISAL, M. e HUGGETT, R.J. 1993 Effluents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the
lymphocyte mitogenic responses in spot Leiostomus xanthurus. Marine Environmental Research, 35: 121-124.
FINLEY, K.A. 1985 Observations of bluegills fed selenium contaminated Hexagenia nymphs collected from Belews Lake. North Carolina. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 35: 816-825.
FRANí"¡A, J.G.; RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; LOMBARDI, J.V.; CARVALHO, S.; SERIANI, R.
2007 Toxicidade crônica do cloreto de mercúrio (HgCl2) associado ao selênio, através do estudo hematológico em tilápia Oreochromis niloticus.Bioikos, 21(1): 11-19.
GILL, T.S. e PANT, J.C. 1987 Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in the freshwater fish, Barbus conchonius. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 35: 816-825.
GOEDE, R.W. e BARTEN, B.A. 1990 Organismic indices and an autopsy based assessment as indictors of health and condition of fish. In: AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, 8: 93-108.
HAMILTON, S.J. e PALACE, V.P. 2001 Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50: 161-166.
HILTON, J.W.; HODSON, P.V.; SLINGER, S.J. 1980 The requeriment and toxicity of selenium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Nutrition, 110: 2527-2535.
HRUBEC, T.C. e SMITH, S.A. 1998 Hematology of fish. In: WEISS, D.J. e WARDROP, K.J. (eds.) Schalm`s Veterinary Hematology. 5ª ed., p.1120-1125.
HUA, X.; ZHOU, H.; QIU, X.; LIU, X.; CAO, D.; ZHANG, D. 2001 Effects of dietary Bacillus sp.and selenoyeast on the growth and disease resistance of allogynogenetic crucian carp.Journal of Fisheries of China, 25(5): 448-453.
KENNEDY, C.J.; MCDONALD, L.E.; LOVERIDGE,R.; STROSHER, M.M. 2000 The effect of
bioaccumulated selenium on mortalities and deformities in the eggs, larvae, and fry of a wild population of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39(1): 46-52.
KOZINSKA, A.; ANTYCHOWICZ, J.; KOSTRZEWA,P. 1999 Influence of thrombocytes activity on the susceptibility of the carp (Cyprimus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila injection at different tempetratures. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 43: 53-62.
LEMLY, A.D. 1993 Metabolic stress during winter increases the toxicity of selenium to fish. Aquatic Toxicology, 27: 133-158.
LEMLY, A.D. 2002 Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example. Aquatic Toxicology, 57: 39-49.
LIAO, C-Y.; ZHOU, Q-F.; FU, J-J.; SHI, J-B.; YUAN,C-G. 2007 Interaction of metylmercury and selenium on the bioaccumulation and histopathology in medaka (Oryzias latipes).Environmental Toxicology, 22(1): 69-77.
LIM, C.; KLESIUS, P.H.; WEBSTER, C.D. 2001 The role of dietary phosphorus, zinc, and selenium in fish health. In: LIM, C. e WEBSTER, C.D.(eds.) Nutrition and Fish Health. NY, USA Food Products Press. p.201-212.
LOHNER, T.W.; REASH, R.J.; WILLET, V.E.; ROSE,L.A. 2001 Assessment of tolerant sunfish populations (Lepomis sp.) inhabiting selenium laden coal ash effluents. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50: 203-216.
MATUSHIMA, E.R. e MARIANO, M. 1996 Kinetics of the inflammatory reaction induced by carregenin in the swim bladder of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Brazilian Journal of veterinary Research and Animal Science, 33: 5-10.
MCKIM, J.M.; CHRISTESEN, G.M.; HUNT, F.P. 1970 Changes in the blood of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) after shortí term and long-term exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Research Board of Canada, 27(1): 1883-1889.
MILLER, L.L.; WANG, F.; PALACE, V.P.;HONTELA, A. 2007 Effects of acute and subchronic exposures to waterborne selenite on the physiological stress response and oxidative stress indicators in juvenile rainbow trout.Aquatic Toxicology, 83(4): 263-271.
MUSCATELLO, J.R.; BENNETT, P.M.; HIMBEAULT,P.M. 2006 Larval deformities associated with selenium accumulation in northern pike (Esox lucius) exposed to metal mining effluent.Environmental Science Technology, 40(20): 6506-6512.
NOGA, E.J. 1995 Fish Disease: Diagnosis and treatment.Mosby-Year Book. St. Louis, Missori, USA. 367p.
OLIVEIRA-RIBEIRO, C.A.; PELLETIER, E.;PFEIFFER, W.C.; ROULEAU, C. 2000 Comparative uptake, bioaccumulation, and gill damages of inorganic mercury in tropical and Nordic freshwater fish. Environmental Research,Section A, 83: 286-292.
PETERS, G.M.; MAHER, W.A.; KRIKOWA, F.; ROACH, A.C.; JESWANI, H.K.; BARFORD, J.P.;
GOMES, V.G.; REIBLE, D.D. 1999 Selenium in sediments, pore waters and benthic infauna of Lake Macquarie, New south Wales, Australia.Marine Environmental Research, 47: 491-508.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. e SILVA-SOUZA, A.T. 2004 Hematologia de peixes brasileiros. In: RANZANIPAIVA, M.J.T.; TAKEMOTO, R.M.; LIZAMA. M.A.P. Sanidade de Organismos Aquáticos. Ed. Livraria Varela. São Paulo. p.89í 120.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; LOMBARDI, J.V.;GONí"¡ALVES, A. 2011 Acute toxicity of sodium
selenite and sodium selenate in tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca,37(2): 191-197.
ROSENFELD, G. 1947 Método rápido de coloração de esfregaços de sangue. Noções práticas sobre corantes pancrômicos e estudo de diversos fatores. Memórias do Instituto Butantã, São Paulo,20: 315-328.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H. 1995 Limnologia aplicada í aquicultura. Boletim Técnico no. 1. São Paulo:UNESP. 66p.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. 1991 Metal poisoning in fish.Florida: CRC Press. 597p.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. e BAUER, T.L. 1983 Hematological dyscrasia in teleosteos
chronically exposed to selenium laden effluent. Archives of Evironmental Contamination and Toxicology, 12: 135-141.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. and THOMAS, P. 1988 Selenium accumulation, reproductive status, and histopathological changes in environmentally exposed redear fish. Archives of Toxicology, 61(4):324-329.
SORENSEN, E.M.B.; CUMBIE, P.M.; BAUER, T.L.; BELL, J.S.; HARLAN, C.W. 1984
Histopathological, hematological, conditionfactor, and organ weight changes associated with selenium accumulation in fish from Belews Lake, North Carolina. Archives of Evironmental Contamination and Toxicology, 13:153-162.
STADTMAN, T.C. 1980 Selenium dependent enzymes. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 49: 93p.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; ONO, E.A.; PILARSKI, F.;MORAES, F.R. 2007 Can thrombocytes
participate in the removal of cellular debris in the blood circulation of teleost fish? A
cytochemical study and ultrastructural analysis.Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(6): 709-712.
WEEKS, B.A.; HUGGET, R.J.; WARINNER, J.E.; MATHEWS, E.S. 1990 Macrophage responses of estuarine fish as bioindicators of toxic contamination. In: MCCARTHY, J. e SHUGART,L. (Eds.) Biomakers of environmental contamination.Lewis Publishers: Universidade da Califórnia.p.193-201.
DEAKER, M. e MAHER, W. 1997 Low volume microwave digestion for the determination of selenium in marine biological tissues by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.Analytica Chimica Acta, 350: 287-294.
EISLER, R. 1985 Selenium hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report, 85(1.5): 41p.
ENDO, T.; HARAGUCHI, K.; SAKATA, M. 2002 Mercury and selenium concentrations in the internal organs of toothed whales and dolphins marketed for human consumption in Japan. Science of the Total Environment, 300: 15-22.
FAISAL, M. e HUGGETT, R.J. 1993 Effluents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the
lymphocyte mitogenic responses in spot Leiostomus xanthurus. Marine Environmental Research, 35: 121-124.
FINLEY, K.A. 1985 Observations of bluegills fed selenium contaminated Hexagenia nymphs collected from Belews Lake. North Carolina. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 35: 816-825.
FRANí"¡A, J.G.; RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; LOMBARDI, J.V.; CARVALHO, S.; SERIANI, R.
2007 Toxicidade crônica do cloreto de mercúrio (HgCl2) associado ao selênio, através do estudo hematológico em tilápia Oreochromis niloticus.Bioikos, 21(1): 11-19.
GILL, T.S. e PANT, J.C. 1987 Hematological and pathological effects of chromium toxicosis in the freshwater fish, Barbus conchonius. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 35: 816-825.
GOEDE, R.W. e BARTEN, B.A. 1990 Organismic indices and an autopsy based assessment as indictors of health and condition of fish. In: AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, 8: 93-108.
HAMILTON, S.J. e PALACE, V.P. 2001 Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50: 161-166.
HILTON, J.W.; HODSON, P.V.; SLINGER, S.J. 1980 The requeriment and toxicity of selenium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Nutrition, 110: 2527-2535.
HRUBEC, T.C. e SMITH, S.A. 1998 Hematology of fish. In: WEISS, D.J. e WARDROP, K.J. (eds.) Schalm`s Veterinary Hematology. 5ª ed., p.1120-1125.
HUA, X.; ZHOU, H.; QIU, X.; LIU, X.; CAO, D.; ZHANG, D. 2001 Effects of dietary Bacillus sp.and selenoyeast on the growth and disease resistance of allogynogenetic crucian carp.Journal of Fisheries of China, 25(5): 448-453.
KENNEDY, C.J.; MCDONALD, L.E.; LOVERIDGE,R.; STROSHER, M.M. 2000 The effect of
bioaccumulated selenium on mortalities and deformities in the eggs, larvae, and fry of a wild population of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39(1): 46-52.
KOZINSKA, A.; ANTYCHOWICZ, J.; KOSTRZEWA,P. 1999 Influence of thrombocytes activity on the susceptibility of the carp (Cyprimus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila injection at different tempetratures. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 43: 53-62.
LEMLY, A.D. 1993 Metabolic stress during winter increases the toxicity of selenium to fish. Aquatic Toxicology, 27: 133-158.
LEMLY, A.D. 2002 Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example. Aquatic Toxicology, 57: 39-49.
LIAO, C-Y.; ZHOU, Q-F.; FU, J-J.; SHI, J-B.; YUAN,C-G. 2007 Interaction of metylmercury and selenium on the bioaccumulation and histopathology in medaka (Oryzias latipes).Environmental Toxicology, 22(1): 69-77.
LIM, C.; KLESIUS, P.H.; WEBSTER, C.D. 2001 The role of dietary phosphorus, zinc, and selenium in fish health. In: LIM, C. e WEBSTER, C.D.(eds.) Nutrition and Fish Health. NY, USA Food Products Press. p.201-212.
LOHNER, T.W.; REASH, R.J.; WILLET, V.E.; ROSE,L.A. 2001 Assessment of tolerant sunfish populations (Lepomis sp.) inhabiting selenium laden coal ash effluents. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 50: 203-216.
MATUSHIMA, E.R. e MARIANO, M. 1996 Kinetics of the inflammatory reaction induced by carregenin in the swim bladder of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Brazilian Journal of veterinary Research and Animal Science, 33: 5-10.
MCKIM, J.M.; CHRISTESEN, G.M.; HUNT, F.P. 1970 Changes in the blood of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) after shortí term and long-term exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Research Board of Canada, 27(1): 1883-1889.
MILLER, L.L.; WANG, F.; PALACE, V.P.;HONTELA, A. 2007 Effects of acute and subchronic exposures to waterborne selenite on the physiological stress response and oxidative stress indicators in juvenile rainbow trout.Aquatic Toxicology, 83(4): 263-271.
MUSCATELLO, J.R.; BENNETT, P.M.; HIMBEAULT,P.M. 2006 Larval deformities associated with selenium accumulation in northern pike (Esox lucius) exposed to metal mining effluent.Environmental Science Technology, 40(20): 6506-6512.
NOGA, E.J. 1995 Fish Disease: Diagnosis and treatment.Mosby-Year Book. St. Louis, Missori, USA. 367p.
OLIVEIRA-RIBEIRO, C.A.; PELLETIER, E.;PFEIFFER, W.C.; ROULEAU, C. 2000 Comparative uptake, bioaccumulation, and gill damages of inorganic mercury in tropical and Nordic freshwater fish. Environmental Research,Section A, 83: 286-292.
PETERS, G.M.; MAHER, W.A.; KRIKOWA, F.; ROACH, A.C.; JESWANI, H.K.; BARFORD, J.P.;
GOMES, V.G.; REIBLE, D.D. 1999 Selenium in sediments, pore waters and benthic infauna of Lake Macquarie, New south Wales, Australia.Marine Environmental Research, 47: 491-508.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T. e SILVA-SOUZA, A.T. 2004 Hematologia de peixes brasileiros. In: RANZANIPAIVA, M.J.T.; TAKEMOTO, R.M.; LIZAMA. M.A.P. Sanidade de Organismos Aquáticos. Ed. Livraria Varela. São Paulo. p.89í 120.
RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; LOMBARDI, J.V.;GONí"¡ALVES, A. 2011 Acute toxicity of sodium
selenite and sodium selenate in tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca,37(2): 191-197.
ROSENFELD, G. 1947 Método rápido de coloração de esfregaços de sangue. Noções práticas sobre corantes pancrômicos e estudo de diversos fatores. Memórias do Instituto Butantã, São Paulo,20: 315-328.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H. 1995 Limnologia aplicada í aquicultura. Boletim Técnico no. 1. São Paulo:UNESP. 66p.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. 1991 Metal poisoning in fish.Florida: CRC Press. 597p.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. e BAUER, T.L. 1983 Hematological dyscrasia in teleosteos
chronically exposed to selenium laden effluent. Archives of Evironmental Contamination and Toxicology, 12: 135-141.
SORENSEN, E.M.B. and THOMAS, P. 1988 Selenium accumulation, reproductive status, and histopathological changes in environmentally exposed redear fish. Archives of Toxicology, 61(4):324-329.
SORENSEN, E.M.B.; CUMBIE, P.M.; BAUER, T.L.; BELL, J.S.; HARLAN, C.W. 1984
Histopathological, hematological, conditionfactor, and organ weight changes associated with selenium accumulation in fish from Belews Lake, North Carolina. Archives of Evironmental Contamination and Toxicology, 13:153-162.
STADTMAN, T.C. 1980 Selenium dependent enzymes. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 49: 93p.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; ONO, E.A.; PILARSKI, F.;MORAES, F.R. 2007 Can thrombocytes
participate in the removal of cellular debris in the blood circulation of teleost fish? A
cytochemical study and ultrastructural analysis.Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23(6): 709-712.
WEEKS, B.A.; HUGGET, R.J.; WARINNER, J.E.; MATHEWS, E.S. 1990 Macrophage responses of estuarine fish as bioindicators of toxic contamination. In: MCCARTHY, J. e SHUGART,L. (Eds.) Biomakers of environmental contamination.Lewis Publishers: Universidade da Califórnia.p.193-201.
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2018-11-13
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