Population structure of Dipturus chilensis (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) in the South western Atlantic 34º30'-39º30'S
Keywords:
skates, fishing trawl, bycatch, Argentinean-Uruguayan Common Fishing ZoneAbstract
A total of 2,782 individuals of Dipturus chilensis captured by the Uruguayan industrial fleet, whose target species is the hake (Merlucius hubbsi), that operated between 50 and 400 m of depth during the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 in the Argentinean-Uruguayan Common Fishing zone were analyzed. Females showed a higher mean and median size than males and the highest proportion in the catches. The relationships between the total length and width of the disc and between total length and total weight did not differ significantly between sexes. For the three years analyzed, no significant decrease was found for mean length and median length. The length at which 50% of individuals were retained by the trawl net was smaller than the 50% mature estimated total lengths. Higher catches of immature individuals demonstrate that the fishing operation targeting hake affect the reproductive potential of a species categorized as vulnerable for IUCN.
References
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BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM, B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic. Science, 299: 389-392.
BRANDER, K. 1981 Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea. Nature, 290: 48-49.
BUSTAMANTE, C.; VARGAS-CARO, C; ODDONE, M.C.; CONCHA, F.; FLORES, H.; LAMILLA, J.; BENNETT, M.B. 2012 Reproductive biology of Zearaja chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the south-east Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology,
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CAMHI, M.; FOWLER, S.; MUSICK, J.; BRí"žUTIGAM, A.; FORDHAM, S. 1998 Sharks
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CASEY, J.M. y MYERS R.A. 1998 Near extinction of a large, widely distributed fish. Science, 281: 690-691.
CÉSPEDES, R.; LICANDEO, R.; TOLEDO, C.; CERNA,F.; DONOSO, M.; ADASME, L. 2005 Estudio biológico pesquero y estado de situación del recurso raya, en aguas interiores de la X a XII Regiones. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP 2003-12: 1-151.
CTMFM - Comisión Técnica Mixta del Frente Marítimo (on line) Estadísticas de capturas del área del Tratado. Disponible en: http://ctmfm.org/?page_id=6>
COCHRAN, W. 1986 Métodos de muestreo. 513p.CECSA, México. 513p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1990 Shark exploitation and conservation. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER,S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematic and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90: 391-414p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V.; EBERT, D.A.; COWLEY, P.D.1991 Distribution of offshore demersal
cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes) off the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11: 43-139.
DULVY, N.K. y REYNOLDS, J.D. 2002 Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conservation Biology, 16: 440-450.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.;PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000 Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
EBERT, D.A. 2005 Reproductive biology of skates,Bathyraja (Ishyama), along the eastern Bering Sea continental slope. Journal of Fish Biology, 66: 618-649.
ERNANDE, B.; DIECKMANN, U.; HEINO, M. 2004 Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution of age and size at maturation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Serie B, 271: 415-423.
FUENTEALBA, M. y LEIBLE, D. 1990 Perspectivas de la pesquería de raya volantın Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris: Estudio de edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos. En: BARBIERI, M.A. (ed.) Perspectivas de la actividad pesquera en
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GERRITSEN, H.D. y MCGRATH, D. 2007 Precision estimates and suggested sample sizes for lengthfrecuency data. Fisheries Bulletin, 106: 116-120.
GOMES, U.L. y PICADO, S.S. 2001 Distribution of the species of Dipturus Rafinesque (Rajidae,Rajinae, Rajini) off Brazil and first record of the Caribbean skate D. teevani (Bigelow &Schroeder) in the Western South Atlantic. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18(1): 171-185.
HAMMER, íËœ.; HARPER, D.A.T.; RYAN, P.D. 2001 PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Educationand Data Analysis.Palaeontología Electrónica, 4(1): 1-9.
HOENIG, J.M. y GRUBER, S.H. 1990 Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications infisheries management. NOAA Technical. Report NMFS, 90: 1-16.
HOLDEN, M.J. 1973 Are long-term sustainable fisheries of elasmobranchs possible? Rapports et Proces-Verbaux Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 164: 360í 367.
JARDAS, I. 1973 A contribution to our knowledge of the biology and ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) and brown ray (Raja miraletus L.) in the Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 15: 1-42.
KING, M. 2007 Fisheries biology, assessment and management. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing. 382p.
KOEN ALONSO, M.; CRESPO, E.A.; GARCÍA, N.A.; PEDRAZA, S.N.; MARIOTTI, P.A.; BERÓN VERA, B.; MORA, N.J. 2001 Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58: 288í 297.
KYNE, P.M.; LAMILLA, J.; LICANDEO, R.R.;JIMENA SAN MARTÍN, M.; STEHMANN,
M.F.W.; McCORMACK, C. 2007 Zearaja chilensis.In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:www.iucnredlist.org. Acceso: 27 Enero 2014
LAST, P.R. y GLEDHILL, D.C. 2007 The maugean skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) â€" a micro-endemic, gondwanan relict from tasmanian estuaries. Zootaxa, 1494: 45-65.
LICANDEO, R. y CERNA, F.T. 2007 Geographic variation in life-history traits of the endemic kite skate Dipturus chilensis (Batoidea:Rajide), along its distribution in the fjords and channels of southern Chile. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 421-440.
LEIBLE, M. 1987 La pesquería de rayas en Chile.Problemática y potencialidad. En: ARANA, P. (ed.) Manejo y desarrollo pesquero. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso. p.69-80.
MENNI, R.C. 1973 Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Especies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichthyes). Physis, Sección A, 32(85): 413-439.
MENNI, R.C. y STEHMANN, M. 2000 Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie, 2: 69-109.
MENNI, C.R.; COUSSEAU, M.B.; GOSZTONYI, A.R.1986 Sobre la biología de los tiburones costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, CCXIII: 3-26.
MGAP (MINISTERIO DE GANADERÍA, AGRICULTURA Y PESCA)-INAPE 1997 DECRETO 149/997. Ajústese y actualícese la reglamentación referente a la explotación y dominio sobre riquezas del mar. Montevideo: Instituto Nacional de Pesca. 16p.
NORBIS, W.; GALLI, O.; PAESCH, L.; CHIESA, E.; LORENZO, M.I.; BERRIOLO, C.; IPAR, L. 2003 Análisis de la operación de dos buques de pesca de la flota comercial en base a datos obtenidos por observadores a bordo. En: REY, M.;AMESTOY, F.; ARENA, G. (eds.) Estudios realizados dentro de la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya. En el marco del plan de investigación pesquera. Proyecto URU/92/003,p.107-139.
NOTTAGE, A.S. y PERKINS, E.J. 1983 Growth and maturation of rooker, Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. Journal of Fish Biology, 23: 43-48.
ODDONE, M.C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. 2005 Size at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces,Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21:
70-72.
ORLANDO, L.; PEREYRA, I.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS.W. 2011 Seasonal population structure in two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae) catched by bottom trawl fishery in the Uruguayan continental shelf (Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59: 357-364.
ORTEGA, L. y MARTÍNEZ, A. 2007 Multiannual and seasonal variability of water masses and fronts over the Uruguayan shelf. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(3): 618-629.
PAESCH, L. y ODDONE, M.C. 2008 Change in sizeat-maturity of the yellownose skate Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 223-230.
PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO, L.; NORBIS, W.; PAESCH L. 2008 Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa atlántica uruguaya durante 2004. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(1): 159-166.
PRATT, H.L. y CASSEY, C. 1990 Shark reproductive strategies as a limiting factor in directed fisheries, with a review of Holden’s method of estimating growth parameters. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER, S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.)Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report. NMFS 90:97-109.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; GATICA, C.; LEAL, E. 2008 Composición de especies, tasas de captura y estructura de tamaí±o de peces capturados en la pesquería espinelera artesanal de rayas en la zona sur-austral de Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36: 15-24.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; CUBILLOS, L.;BARRIENTOS, M. 2011 Vulnerability to
exploitation of the yellownose skate (Dipturus chilensis) off southern Chile. Fisheries Research,109: 225-233.
RICKER, W.E. 1973 Linear regressions in fishery research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
SOKAL, R.R. y ROHLF, F.J. 1998 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.850p.
IUCN, 2013 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:
www.iucnredlist.org Acceso: 11 Marzo 2014. WALKER, P.A. y ELLIS. J. 1998 Ecology of rays of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biology of Skates.Proceedings of the Biology of Skates Symposium, New Orleans, 1996. Princeton Press. p.7-29.
WALMSLEY-HART, S.A.; SAUER, W.H.H.;BUXTON, C.D. 1999 The biology of the skates
Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 21:165-179.
BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM, B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic. Science, 299: 389-392.
BRANDER, K. 1981 Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea. Nature, 290: 48-49.
BUSTAMANTE, C.; VARGAS-CARO, C; ODDONE, M.C.; CONCHA, F.; FLORES, H.; LAMILLA, J.; BENNETT, M.B. 2012 Reproductive biology of Zearaja chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the south-east Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology,
80: 1213í 1226.
CAMHI, M.; FOWLER, S.; MUSICK, J.; BRí"žUTIGAM, A.; FORDHAM, S. 1998 Sharks
and their relatives: ecology and conservation. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, 20: 1-39.
CASEY, J.M. y MYERS R.A. 1998 Near extinction of a large, widely distributed fish. Science, 281: 690-691.
CÉSPEDES, R.; LICANDEO, R.; TOLEDO, C.; CERNA,F.; DONOSO, M.; ADASME, L. 2005 Estudio biológico pesquero y estado de situación del recurso raya, en aguas interiores de la X a XII Regiones. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP 2003-12: 1-151.
CTMFM - Comisión Técnica Mixta del Frente Marítimo (on line) Estadísticas de capturas del área del Tratado. Disponible en: http://ctmfm.org/?page_id=6>
COCHRAN, W. 1986 Métodos de muestreo. 513p.CECSA, México. 513p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1990 Shark exploitation and conservation. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER,S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematic and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90: 391-414p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V.; EBERT, D.A.; COWLEY, P.D.1991 Distribution of offshore demersal
cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes) off the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11: 43-139.
DULVY, N.K. y REYNOLDS, J.D. 2002 Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conservation Biology, 16: 440-450.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.;PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000 Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
EBERT, D.A. 2005 Reproductive biology of skates,Bathyraja (Ishyama), along the eastern Bering Sea continental slope. Journal of Fish Biology, 66: 618-649.
ERNANDE, B.; DIECKMANN, U.; HEINO, M. 2004 Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution of age and size at maturation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Serie B, 271: 415-423.
FUENTEALBA, M. y LEIBLE, D. 1990 Perspectivas de la pesquería de raya volantın Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris: Estudio de edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos. En: BARBIERI, M.A. (ed.) Perspectivas de la actividad pesquera en
Chile. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, UCV,Valparaíso. p.227-236
GERRITSEN, H.D. y MCGRATH, D. 2007 Precision estimates and suggested sample sizes for lengthfrecuency data. Fisheries Bulletin, 106: 116-120.
GOMES, U.L. y PICADO, S.S. 2001 Distribution of the species of Dipturus Rafinesque (Rajidae,Rajinae, Rajini) off Brazil and first record of the Caribbean skate D. teevani (Bigelow &Schroeder) in the Western South Atlantic. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18(1): 171-185.
HAMMER, íËœ.; HARPER, D.A.T.; RYAN, P.D. 2001 PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Educationand Data Analysis.Palaeontología Electrónica, 4(1): 1-9.
HOENIG, J.M. y GRUBER, S.H. 1990 Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications infisheries management. NOAA Technical. Report NMFS, 90: 1-16.
HOLDEN, M.J. 1973 Are long-term sustainable fisheries of elasmobranchs possible? Rapports et Proces-Verbaux Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 164: 360í 367.
JARDAS, I. 1973 A contribution to our knowledge of the biology and ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) and brown ray (Raja miraletus L.) in the Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 15: 1-42.
KING, M. 2007 Fisheries biology, assessment and management. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing. 382p.
KOEN ALONSO, M.; CRESPO, E.A.; GARCÍA, N.A.; PEDRAZA, S.N.; MARIOTTI, P.A.; BERÓN VERA, B.; MORA, N.J. 2001 Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58: 288í 297.
KYNE, P.M.; LAMILLA, J.; LICANDEO, R.R.;JIMENA SAN MARTÍN, M.; STEHMANN,
M.F.W.; McCORMACK, C. 2007 Zearaja chilensis.In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:www.iucnredlist.org. Acceso: 27 Enero 2014
LAST, P.R. y GLEDHILL, D.C. 2007 The maugean skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) â€" a micro-endemic, gondwanan relict from tasmanian estuaries. Zootaxa, 1494: 45-65.
LICANDEO, R. y CERNA, F.T. 2007 Geographic variation in life-history traits of the endemic kite skate Dipturus chilensis (Batoidea:Rajide), along its distribution in the fjords and channels of southern Chile. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 421-440.
LEIBLE, M. 1987 La pesquería de rayas en Chile.Problemática y potencialidad. En: ARANA, P. (ed.) Manejo y desarrollo pesquero. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso. p.69-80.
MENNI, R.C. 1973 Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Especies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichthyes). Physis, Sección A, 32(85): 413-439.
MENNI, R.C. y STEHMANN, M. 2000 Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie, 2: 69-109.
MENNI, C.R.; COUSSEAU, M.B.; GOSZTONYI, A.R.1986 Sobre la biología de los tiburones costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, CCXIII: 3-26.
MGAP (MINISTERIO DE GANADERÍA, AGRICULTURA Y PESCA)-INAPE 1997 DECRETO 149/997. Ajústese y actualícese la reglamentación referente a la explotación y dominio sobre riquezas del mar. Montevideo: Instituto Nacional de Pesca. 16p.
NORBIS, W.; GALLI, O.; PAESCH, L.; CHIESA, E.; LORENZO, M.I.; BERRIOLO, C.; IPAR, L. 2003 Análisis de la operación de dos buques de pesca de la flota comercial en base a datos obtenidos por observadores a bordo. En: REY, M.;AMESTOY, F.; ARENA, G. (eds.) Estudios realizados dentro de la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya. En el marco del plan de investigación pesquera. Proyecto URU/92/003,p.107-139.
NOTTAGE, A.S. y PERKINS, E.J. 1983 Growth and maturation of rooker, Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. Journal of Fish Biology, 23: 43-48.
ODDONE, M.C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. 2005 Size at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces,Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21:
70-72.
ORLANDO, L.; PEREYRA, I.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS.W. 2011 Seasonal population structure in two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae) catched by bottom trawl fishery in the Uruguayan continental shelf (Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59: 357-364.
ORTEGA, L. y MARTÍNEZ, A. 2007 Multiannual and seasonal variability of water masses and fronts over the Uruguayan shelf. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(3): 618-629.
PAESCH, L. y ODDONE, M.C. 2008 Change in sizeat-maturity of the yellownose skate Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 223-230.
PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO, L.; NORBIS, W.; PAESCH L. 2008 Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa atlántica uruguaya durante 2004. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(1): 159-166.
PRATT, H.L. y CASSEY, C. 1990 Shark reproductive strategies as a limiting factor in directed fisheries, with a review of Holden’s method of estimating growth parameters. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER, S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.)Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report. NMFS 90:97-109.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; GATICA, C.; LEAL, E. 2008 Composición de especies, tasas de captura y estructura de tamaí±o de peces capturados en la pesquería espinelera artesanal de rayas en la zona sur-austral de Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36: 15-24.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; CUBILLOS, L.;BARRIENTOS, M. 2011 Vulnerability to
exploitation of the yellownose skate (Dipturus chilensis) off southern Chile. Fisheries Research,109: 225-233.
RICKER, W.E. 1973 Linear regressions in fishery research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
SOKAL, R.R. y ROHLF, F.J. 1998 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.850p.
IUCN, 2013 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:
www.iucnredlist.org Acceso: 11 Marzo 2014. WALKER, P.A. y ELLIS. J. 1998 Ecology of rays of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biology of Skates.Proceedings of the Biology of Skates Symposium, New Orleans, 1996. Princeton Press. p.7-29.
WALMSLEY-HART, S.A.; SAUER, W.H.H.;BUXTON, C.D. 1999 The biology of the skates
Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 21:165-179.
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