Estrutura populacional de Dipturus chilensis (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) no Atlí¢ntico Sul ocidental 34º30'-39º30'S
Palavras-chave:
raias, pesca de arrasto, fauna acompanhante, Zona Comum de Pesca Argentino UruguaiaResumo
Analisou-se um total de 2.782 indivíduos da Dipturus chilensis capturados pela frota de arrasto dirigida í pesca da merluza (Merlucius hubbsi), que operou entre 50 e 400 m de profundidade durante os anos 2005, 2006 e 2007 na Zona Comum de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaia. As fêmeas apresentaram tamanho médio e mediano maior do que os machos e tiveram uma maior proporção nas capturas. As relações entre o comprimento total e a largura do disco e entre o comprimento total e o peso dos indivíduos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Para os três anos analisados não se encontrou diminuição significativa no tamanho médio e mediano. A mediana foi menor do que o tamanho em que 50% dos indivíduos estiveram maduros. A maior captura de indivíduos imaturos demonstra que a operação de pesca dirigida í merluza afeta o potencial reprodutivo de uma espécie categorizada vulnerável pela IUCN.
Referências
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BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM, B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic. Science, 299: 389-392.
BRANDER, K. 1981 Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea. Nature, 290: 48-49.
BUSTAMANTE, C.; VARGAS-CARO, C; ODDONE, M.C.; CONCHA, F.; FLORES, H.; LAMILLA, J.; BENNETT, M.B. 2012 Reproductive biology of Zearaja chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the south-east Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology,
80: 1213í 1226.
CAMHI, M.; FOWLER, S.; MUSICK, J.; BRí"žUTIGAM, A.; FORDHAM, S. 1998 Sharks
and their relatives: ecology and conservation. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, 20: 1-39.
CASEY, J.M. y MYERS R.A. 1998 Near extinction of a large, widely distributed fish. Science, 281: 690-691.
CÉSPEDES, R.; LICANDEO, R.; TOLEDO, C.; CERNA,F.; DONOSO, M.; ADASME, L. 2005 Estudio biológico pesquero y estado de situación del recurso raya, en aguas interiores de la X a XII Regiones. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP 2003-12: 1-151.
CTMFM - Comisión Técnica Mixta del Frente Marítimo (on line) Estadísticas de capturas del área del Tratado. Disponible en: http://ctmfm.org/?page_id=6>
COCHRAN, W. 1986 Métodos de muestreo. 513p.CECSA, México. 513p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1990 Shark exploitation and conservation. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER,S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematic and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90: 391-414p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V.; EBERT, D.A.; COWLEY, P.D.1991 Distribution of offshore demersal
cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes) off the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11: 43-139.
DULVY, N.K. y REYNOLDS, J.D. 2002 Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conservation Biology, 16: 440-450.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.;PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000 Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
EBERT, D.A. 2005 Reproductive biology of skates,Bathyraja (Ishyama), along the eastern Bering Sea continental slope. Journal of Fish Biology, 66: 618-649.
ERNANDE, B.; DIECKMANN, U.; HEINO, M. 2004 Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution of age and size at maturation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Serie B, 271: 415-423.
FUENTEALBA, M. y LEIBLE, D. 1990 Perspectivas de la pesquería de raya volantın Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris: Estudio de edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos. En: BARBIERI, M.A. (ed.) Perspectivas de la actividad pesquera en
Chile. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, UCV,Valparaíso. p.227-236
GERRITSEN, H.D. y MCGRATH, D. 2007 Precision estimates and suggested sample sizes for lengthfrecuency data. Fisheries Bulletin, 106: 116-120.
GOMES, U.L. y PICADO, S.S. 2001 Distribution of the species of Dipturus Rafinesque (Rajidae,Rajinae, Rajini) off Brazil and first record of the Caribbean skate D. teevani (Bigelow &Schroeder) in the Western South Atlantic. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18(1): 171-185.
HAMMER, íËœ.; HARPER, D.A.T.; RYAN, P.D. 2001 PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Educationand Data Analysis.Palaeontología Electrónica, 4(1): 1-9.
HOENIG, J.M. y GRUBER, S.H. 1990 Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications infisheries management. NOAA Technical. Report NMFS, 90: 1-16.
HOLDEN, M.J. 1973 Are long-term sustainable fisheries of elasmobranchs possible? Rapports et Proces-Verbaux Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 164: 360í 367.
JARDAS, I. 1973 A contribution to our knowledge of the biology and ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) and brown ray (Raja miraletus L.) in the Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 15: 1-42.
KING, M. 2007 Fisheries biology, assessment and management. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing. 382p.
KOEN ALONSO, M.; CRESPO, E.A.; GARCÍA, N.A.; PEDRAZA, S.N.; MARIOTTI, P.A.; BERÓN VERA, B.; MORA, N.J. 2001 Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58: 288í 297.
KYNE, P.M.; LAMILLA, J.; LICANDEO, R.R.;JIMENA SAN MARTÍN, M.; STEHMANN,
M.F.W.; McCORMACK, C. 2007 Zearaja chilensis.In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:www.iucnredlist.org. Acceso: 27 Enero 2014
LAST, P.R. y GLEDHILL, D.C. 2007 The maugean skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) â€" a micro-endemic, gondwanan relict from tasmanian estuaries. Zootaxa, 1494: 45-65.
LICANDEO, R. y CERNA, F.T. 2007 Geographic variation in life-history traits of the endemic kite skate Dipturus chilensis (Batoidea:Rajide), along its distribution in the fjords and channels of southern Chile. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 421-440.
LEIBLE, M. 1987 La pesquería de rayas en Chile.Problemática y potencialidad. En: ARANA, P. (ed.) Manejo y desarrollo pesquero. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso. p.69-80.
MENNI, R.C. 1973 Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Especies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichthyes). Physis, Sección A, 32(85): 413-439.
MENNI, R.C. y STEHMANN, M. 2000 Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie, 2: 69-109.
MENNI, C.R.; COUSSEAU, M.B.; GOSZTONYI, A.R.1986 Sobre la biología de los tiburones costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, CCXIII: 3-26.
MGAP (MINISTERIO DE GANADERÍA, AGRICULTURA Y PESCA)-INAPE 1997 DECRETO 149/997. Ajústese y actualícese la reglamentación referente a la explotación y dominio sobre riquezas del mar. Montevideo: Instituto Nacional de Pesca. 16p.
NORBIS, W.; GALLI, O.; PAESCH, L.; CHIESA, E.; LORENZO, M.I.; BERRIOLO, C.; IPAR, L. 2003 Análisis de la operación de dos buques de pesca de la flota comercial en base a datos obtenidos por observadores a bordo. En: REY, M.;AMESTOY, F.; ARENA, G. (eds.) Estudios realizados dentro de la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya. En el marco del plan de investigación pesquera. Proyecto URU/92/003,p.107-139.
NOTTAGE, A.S. y PERKINS, E.J. 1983 Growth and maturation of rooker, Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. Journal of Fish Biology, 23: 43-48.
ODDONE, M.C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. 2005 Size at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces,Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21:
70-72.
ORLANDO, L.; PEREYRA, I.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS.W. 2011 Seasonal population structure in two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae) catched by bottom trawl fishery in the Uruguayan continental shelf (Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59: 357-364.
ORTEGA, L. y MARTÍNEZ, A. 2007 Multiannual and seasonal variability of water masses and fronts over the Uruguayan shelf. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(3): 618-629.
PAESCH, L. y ODDONE, M.C. 2008 Change in sizeat-maturity of the yellownose skate Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 223-230.
PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO, L.; NORBIS, W.; PAESCH L. 2008 Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa atlántica uruguaya durante 2004. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(1): 159-166.
PRATT, H.L. y CASSEY, C. 1990 Shark reproductive strategies as a limiting factor in directed fisheries, with a review of Holden’s method of estimating growth parameters. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER, S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.)Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report. NMFS 90:97-109.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; GATICA, C.; LEAL, E. 2008 Composición de especies, tasas de captura y estructura de tamaí±o de peces capturados en la pesquería espinelera artesanal de rayas en la zona sur-austral de Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36: 15-24.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; CUBILLOS, L.;BARRIENTOS, M. 2011 Vulnerability to
exploitation of the yellownose skate (Dipturus chilensis) off southern Chile. Fisheries Research,109: 225-233.
RICKER, W.E. 1973 Linear regressions in fishery research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
SOKAL, R.R. y ROHLF, F.J. 1998 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.850p.
IUCN, 2013 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:
www.iucnredlist.org Acceso: 11 Marzo 2014. WALKER, P.A. y ELLIS. J. 1998 Ecology of rays of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biology of Skates.Proceedings of the Biology of Skates Symposium, New Orleans, 1996. Princeton Press. p.7-29.
WALMSLEY-HART, S.A.; SAUER, W.H.H.;BUXTON, C.D. 1999 The biology of the skates
Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 21:165-179.
BAUM, J.K.; MYERS, R.A.; KEHLER, D.G.; WORM, B.; HARLEY, S.J.; DOHERTY, P.A. 2003 Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic. Science, 299: 389-392.
BRANDER, K. 1981 Disappearance of common skate Raia batis from Irish Sea. Nature, 290: 48-49.
BUSTAMANTE, C.; VARGAS-CARO, C; ODDONE, M.C.; CONCHA, F.; FLORES, H.; LAMILLA, J.; BENNETT, M.B. 2012 Reproductive biology of Zearaja chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the south-east Pacific Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology,
80: 1213í 1226.
CAMHI, M.; FOWLER, S.; MUSICK, J.; BRí"žUTIGAM, A.; FORDHAM, S. 1998 Sharks
and their relatives: ecology and conservation. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, 20: 1-39.
CASEY, J.M. y MYERS R.A. 1998 Near extinction of a large, widely distributed fish. Science, 281: 690-691.
CÉSPEDES, R.; LICANDEO, R.; TOLEDO, C.; CERNA,F.; DONOSO, M.; ADASME, L. 2005 Estudio biológico pesquero y estado de situación del recurso raya, en aguas interiores de la X a XII Regiones. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP 2003-12: 1-151.
CTMFM - Comisión Técnica Mixta del Frente Marítimo (on line) Estadísticas de capturas del área del Tratado. Disponible en: http://ctmfm.org/?page_id=6>
COCHRAN, W. 1986 Métodos de muestreo. 513p.CECSA, México. 513p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1990 Shark exploitation and conservation. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER,S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematic and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90: 391-414p.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V.; EBERT, D.A.; COWLEY, P.D.1991 Distribution of offshore demersal
cartilaginous fish (Class Chondrichthyes) off the west coast of southern Africa, with notes on their systematics. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11: 43-139.
DULVY, N.K. y REYNOLDS, J.D. 2002 Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates. Conservation Biology, 16: 440-450.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.;PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000 Fishery stability, local extinctions, and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
EBERT, D.A. 2005 Reproductive biology of skates,Bathyraja (Ishyama), along the eastern Bering Sea continental slope. Journal of Fish Biology, 66: 618-649.
ERNANDE, B.; DIECKMANN, U.; HEINO, M. 2004 Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution of age and size at maturation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Serie B, 271: 415-423.
FUENTEALBA, M. y LEIBLE, D. 1990 Perspectivas de la pesquería de raya volantın Raja (Dipturus) flavirostris: Estudio de edad, crecimiento y algunos aspectos reproductivos. En: BARBIERI, M.A. (ed.) Perspectivas de la actividad pesquera en
Chile. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, UCV,Valparaíso. p.227-236
GERRITSEN, H.D. y MCGRATH, D. 2007 Precision estimates and suggested sample sizes for lengthfrecuency data. Fisheries Bulletin, 106: 116-120.
GOMES, U.L. y PICADO, S.S. 2001 Distribution of the species of Dipturus Rafinesque (Rajidae,Rajinae, Rajini) off Brazil and first record of the Caribbean skate D. teevani (Bigelow &Schroeder) in the Western South Atlantic. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18(1): 171-185.
HAMMER, íËœ.; HARPER, D.A.T.; RYAN, P.D. 2001 PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Educationand Data Analysis.Palaeontología Electrónica, 4(1): 1-9.
HOENIG, J.M. y GRUBER, S.H. 1990 Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications infisheries management. NOAA Technical. Report NMFS, 90: 1-16.
HOLDEN, M.J. 1973 Are long-term sustainable fisheries of elasmobranchs possible? Rapports et Proces-Verbaux Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 164: 360í 367.
JARDAS, I. 1973 A contribution to our knowledge of the biology and ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) and brown ray (Raja miraletus L.) in the Adriatic. Acta Adriatica, 15: 1-42.
KING, M. 2007 Fisheries biology, assessment and management. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing. 382p.
KOEN ALONSO, M.; CRESPO, E.A.; GARCÍA, N.A.; PEDRAZA, S.N.; MARIOTTI, P.A.; BERÓN VERA, B.; MORA, N.J. 2001 Food habits of Dipturus chilensis (Pisces: Rajidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58: 288í 297.
KYNE, P.M.; LAMILLA, J.; LICANDEO, R.R.;JIMENA SAN MARTÍN, M.; STEHMANN,
M.F.W.; McCORMACK, C. 2007 Zearaja chilensis.In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:www.iucnredlist.org. Acceso: 27 Enero 2014
LAST, P.R. y GLEDHILL, D.C. 2007 The maugean skate, Zearaja maugeana sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae) â€" a micro-endemic, gondwanan relict from tasmanian estuaries. Zootaxa, 1494: 45-65.
LICANDEO, R. y CERNA, F.T. 2007 Geographic variation in life-history traits of the endemic kite skate Dipturus chilensis (Batoidea:Rajide), along its distribution in the fjords and channels of southern Chile. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 421-440.
LEIBLE, M. 1987 La pesquería de rayas en Chile.Problemática y potencialidad. En: ARANA, P. (ed.) Manejo y desarrollo pesquero. Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso. p.69-80.
MENNI, R.C. 1973 Rajidae del litoral bonaerense. I. Especies de los géneros Raja, Bathyraja y Sympterygia (Chondrichthyes). Physis, Sección A, 32(85): 413-439.
MENNI, R.C. y STEHMANN, M. 2000 Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie, 2: 69-109.
MENNI, C.R.; COUSSEAU, M.B.; GOSZTONYI, A.R.1986 Sobre la biología de los tiburones costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, CCXIII: 3-26.
MGAP (MINISTERIO DE GANADERÍA, AGRICULTURA Y PESCA)-INAPE 1997 DECRETO 149/997. Ajústese y actualícese la reglamentación referente a la explotación y dominio sobre riquezas del mar. Montevideo: Instituto Nacional de Pesca. 16p.
NORBIS, W.; GALLI, O.; PAESCH, L.; CHIESA, E.; LORENZO, M.I.; BERRIOLO, C.; IPAR, L. 2003 Análisis de la operación de dos buques de pesca de la flota comercial en base a datos obtenidos por observadores a bordo. En: REY, M.;AMESTOY, F.; ARENA, G. (eds.) Estudios realizados dentro de la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya. En el marco del plan de investigación pesquera. Proyecto URU/92/003,p.107-139.
NOTTAGE, A.S. y PERKINS, E.J. 1983 Growth and maturation of rooker, Raja clavata L. in the Solway Firth. Journal of Fish Biology, 23: 43-48.
ODDONE, M.C.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS, W. 2005 Size at first sexual maturity of two species of rajoid skates, genera Atlantoraja and Dipturus (Pisces,Elasmobranchii, Rajidae), from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21:
70-72.
ORLANDO, L.; PEREYRA, I.; PAESCH, L.; NORBIS.W. 2011 Seasonal population structure in two species of the genus Atlantoraja (Elasmobranchii,Rajidae) catched by bottom trawl fishery in the Uruguayan continental shelf (Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59: 357-364.
ORTEGA, L. y MARTÍNEZ, A. 2007 Multiannual and seasonal variability of water masses and fronts over the Uruguayan shelf. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(3): 618-629.
PAESCH, L. y ODDONE, M.C. 2008 Change in sizeat-maturity of the yellownose skate Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) (Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 223-230.
PEREYRA, I.; ORLANDO, L.; NORBIS, W.; PAESCH L. 2008 Variación espacial y temporal de la composición por tallas y sexos del gatuso Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939 capturado por la pesca de arrastre en la costa atlántica uruguaya durante 2004. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 43(1): 159-166.
PRATT, H.L. y CASSEY, C. 1990 Shark reproductive strategies as a limiting factor in directed fisheries, with a review of Holden’s method of estimating growth parameters. En: PRATT, H.L. Jr.; GRUBER, S.H.; TANIUCHI, T. (eds.)Elasmobranchs as living resources: advance in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries. NOAA Technical Report. NMFS 90:97-109.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; GATICA, C.; LEAL, E. 2008 Composición de especies, tasas de captura y estructura de tamaí±o de peces capturados en la pesquería espinelera artesanal de rayas en la zona sur-austral de Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 36: 15-24.
QUIROZ, J.C.; WIFF, R.; CUBILLOS, L.;BARRIENTOS, M. 2011 Vulnerability to
exploitation of the yellownose skate (Dipturus chilensis) off southern Chile. Fisheries Research,109: 225-233.
RICKER, W.E. 1973 Linear regressions in fishery research. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30: 409-434.
SOKAL, R.R. y ROHLF, F.J. 1998 Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York.850p.
IUCN, 2013 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Disponible en:
www.iucnredlist.org Acceso: 11 Marzo 2014. WALKER, P.A. y ELLIS. J. 1998 Ecology of rays of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biology of Skates.Proceedings of the Biology of Skates Symposium, New Orleans, 1996. Princeton Press. p.7-29.
WALMSLEY-HART, S.A.; SAUER, W.H.H.;BUXTON, C.D. 1999 The biology of the skates
Raja wallacei and R. pullopunctata (Batoidea: Rajidae) on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 21:165-179.
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2018-11-16
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