Replacement of animal protein sources by soy protein concentrate for juvenile Nile tilapia
Keywords:
nutrition, aquaculture, fishmeal, freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticusAbstract
Soy protein concentrate (SPC) was evaluated as a dietary replacement of animal protein sources (fish meal and poultry by-product meal) (APS) for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) were evaluated by feeding tilapia an experimental diet composed of 69.5% reference diet, 30% SPC, and 0.5% chromic oxide as inert marker. Apparent digestibility coefficients were 96.57% for CP and 76.84% for DM. In a feeding trial, increasing levels of dietary SPC (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replaced APS and were fed to tilapia juveniles (10.0 ± 0.18 g) for 60 days. Daily weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention, feed conversion, body composition and liver histology were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by protein replacement. A second feeding trial compared tilapia growth performance when SPC was supplemented with methionine and threonine (100% SPC + aa, 100% SPC, and 0% SPC) as well as CP and DM digestibility. The amino acid supplementation of SPC significantly increased tilapia daily weight gain. Diets containing 100% SPC and 100% SPC + aa promoted higher protein ADC values than diet containing only APS. However, DM ADC values were significantly higher in fish fed 0% SPC when compared to 100% SPC. Therefore, SPC can replace poultry by-product meal and fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia without compromising growth performance, protein retention, body composition, liver histology, and protein digestibility. However, SPC supplementation with limiting amino acids, such as methionine and threonine, is advisable since it further increases weight gain and protein digestibility.
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(Masters Dissertation. Instituto de Pesca ,APTA). Available at: <ftp://ftp.sp.gov.br/ ftppesca/DissertaManoelJoaquimPerezRibeiro2 012.pdf> Access on: 04 Feb. 2014.
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(Rhamdia quelen) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1): 65-72.
SÁ, M.V.C.; SABRY-NETO, H.; NUNES, A.J.P. 2013 Dietary concentration of marine oil affects
replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate in practical diets for the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(2): 199-210
SHIAU, S.Y.; KWOK, C.C.; HUANG, J.Y.; CHEN,C.M.; LEE, S.L. 1989 Replacement of fishmeal
with soybean meal in male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) fingerling diets at a
suboptimal protein level. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 20(4): 230-235.
STATSOFT, Inc. 2004 STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7. [on line] URL:
<www.statsoft.com>
STOREBAKKEN, T.; SHEARER, K.D.; ROEM, A.J. 1998 Availability of protein, phosphorus and other elements in fish meal, soy-protein concentrate and phytase-treated soy-proteinconcentrate-based diets to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 161(4): 365-379.
TSUKAMOTO, R.Y. and TAKAHASHI, N.S. 1992 Falta de proteína para ração: estrangulamento
da aquicultura no Brasil. Panorama da Aquicultura, 14: 8-9.
VIOLA S. and ARIELI Y. 1983 Nutrition studies with tilapia Sarotherodon.: 1. Replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in feeds for intensive tilapia culture. Bamidgeh, 35: 9í 17.
ZAR, J.H. 2009 Biostatistical Analysis. 5ª ed. Prentice Hall. 929p.
ZHAO, H.; JIANG, R.; XUE, M.; XIE, S.; WU. X.;GUO, L. 2010 Fish meal can be completely replaced by soy protein concentrate by increasing feeding frequency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) less than 2 g. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(6): 648í 653.
ed. 5th Revision. Washington, D.C., 1141p.
ASKNES, A. and MUNDHEIM, H. 1997 The impact of raw material freshness and processing
temperature for fishmeal on growth, feed efficiency and chemical composition of Atlantic
halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Aquaculture,149(1-2): 87-106.
BRASIL 2012 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária [online]. Seção Soja. Rio de Janeiro.
Available at: <https://www.embrapa.br/soja/cultivos/soja1/dados-economicos> Access on:
09 Nov. 2014.
BREMER NETO, H.; GRANER, C.A.F.; PEZZATO,L.E.; PADOVANI, C.R. 2005 Determinação de
rotina do crômio em fezes, como marcador biológico, pelo método espectrofotométrico
ajustado da 1,5-difenilcarbazida. Ciência Rural, 25(3): 691-697.
CARGNIN-FERREIRA, E. and SARASQUETE REIRIZ, M. del C. 2008 Histofisiología de moluscos
bivalvos marinos. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. 94p.
CARVALHO, R.A.P.L.F. 2011 Avaliação da composição de ingredientes selecionados para a substituição da farinha de peixe em dietas para juvenis de Litopenaeus vannamei. São Paulo. 258f.
(Doctoral Thesis. Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo). Available at:
<http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-12082011-153008/es.php> Access on:
10 Nov. 2014.
CHO, C.Y. and SLINGER, S.J. 1979 Apparent digestibility measurement in feedstuffs for rainbow trout. In: HALVER, J.E. and TIEWS, K. Proceedings of the World Symposium of Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology. Berlin:Heeneman, p.239-247.
COWEY, C.B. 1994 Amino acid requirements of fish:a critical appraisal of present values. Aquaculture,124(1-4): 1í 11.
DONG, X.H.; GUO, Y.X.; YE, J.D.; SONG, W.D.;HUANG, X.H.; WANG, H. 2010 Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients in diets for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Research, 41(9):1356-1364.
EL-SAYED, A.F.M. 1999 Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia, Oreochromis spp.
Aquaculture, 179(1-4): 149-168.
ESPE, M.; HEVRíËœY, E.M.; LIASET, B.; LEMME, A.;EL-MOWAFI, A. 2008 Methionine intake affect
hepatic sulphur metabolism in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 274(1): 132í 141.
FERNANDES, V.A.G. 2011 Perfil nutricional e qualitativo da farinha de vísceras de aves com foco em sua utilização como ingrediente proteico em rações para organismos aquáticos. Florianópolis. 71f.(Masters Dissertation. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC). Available at: <https:
//repositorio.ufsc.br/bitstream/handle/123456 789/95910/289747.pdf?sequence=1> Access on:
10 Nov. 2014
GOMINHO-ROSA, M.C.; RODRIGUES, A.P.O.;MATTIONI, B.; DE FRANCISCO, A.; MORAES, G.; FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2014 Comparison between the omnivorous jundiá catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the utilization of dietary starch sources:
Digestibility, enzyme activity and starch microstructure. Aquaculture, 435: 92-99.
KAUSHIK, S.J.; CRAVíˆDI, J.P.; LALLíˆS, J.P.; SUMPTER, J.; FAUCONNEAU, B.; LAROCHE, M. 1995 Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects, cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture,133(3-4): 257-274.
KITAGIMA, R.E. 2009 Digestibilidade da matéria seca, energia, proteína e aminoácidos pelo catfish
americano Ictalurus punctatus. Florianópolis. 53f. (Masters Dissertation. Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina - UFSC). Available at:<https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/93219> Access on: 10 Nov. 2014.
MAMBRINI, M.; ROEM, A.J.; CRAVíˆDI, J.P.;LALLíˆS, J.P.; KAUSHIK, S.J. 1999 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and of DL-methionine supplementation in high-energy, extruded diets on the growth and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Animal Science,77(11): 2990-2999.
NRC - NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp.
Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. Washington: National Academic
Press. 376p.
PARIPATANANONT, T.; BOONYARATPALIN, M.;PENGSENG P.; CHOTIPUNTU, P. 2001 Substitution of soy protein concentrate for fishmeal in diets of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture Research, 32(s1): 369í 374
PEISKER, M. 2001 Manufacturing of soy protein concentrate for animal nutrition. Cahiers Options
Méditerranéennes, 54: 103-107.
POPMA, T.J. and LOVSHIN, L.L. 1994 Worldwide prospects for commercial production of tilapia.
Auburn: Auburn University. 40p.
RIBEIRO, M.J.P. 2012 Concentrado proteico de soja em rações para tilápia-do-Nilo. São Paulo. 57f.
(Masters Dissertation. Instituto de Pesca ,APTA). Available at: <ftp://ftp.sp.gov.br/ ftppesca/DissertaManoelJoaquimPerezRibeiro2 012.pdf> Access on: 04 Feb. 2014.
RODRIGUES, A.P.O.; GOMINHO-ROSA, M.D.C.; CARGNIN-FERREIRA, E.; DE FRANCISCO, A.;FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2012 Different utilization of plant sources by the omnivores jundiá catfish
(Rhamdia quelen) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture Nutrition, 18(1): 65-72.
SÁ, M.V.C.; SABRY-NETO, H.; NUNES, A.J.P. 2013 Dietary concentration of marine oil affects
replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate in practical diets for the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(2): 199-210
SHIAU, S.Y.; KWOK, C.C.; HUANG, J.Y.; CHEN,C.M.; LEE, S.L. 1989 Replacement of fishmeal
with soybean meal in male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) fingerling diets at a
suboptimal protein level. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 20(4): 230-235.
STATSOFT, Inc. 2004 STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7. [on line] URL:
<www.statsoft.com>
STOREBAKKEN, T.; SHEARER, K.D.; ROEM, A.J. 1998 Availability of protein, phosphorus and other elements in fish meal, soy-protein concentrate and phytase-treated soy-proteinconcentrate-based diets to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 161(4): 365-379.
TSUKAMOTO, R.Y. and TAKAHASHI, N.S. 1992 Falta de proteína para ração: estrangulamento
da aquicultura no Brasil. Panorama da Aquicultura, 14: 8-9.
VIOLA S. and ARIELI Y. 1983 Nutrition studies with tilapia Sarotherodon.: 1. Replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in feeds for intensive tilapia culture. Bamidgeh, 35: 9í 17.
ZAR, J.H. 2009 Biostatistical Analysis. 5ª ed. Prentice Hall. 929p.
ZHAO, H.; JIANG, R.; XUE, M.; XIE, S.; WU. X.;GUO, L. 2010 Fish meal can be completely replaced by soy protein concentrate by increasing feeding frequency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) less than 2 g. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16(6): 648í 653.
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2018-11-20
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