Dietary crude protein levels for juvenile beta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p590Keywords:
growth, nutritional requirements, ornamental fish, productive performanceAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary crude protein requirements of juvenile Betta splendens. Isocaloric diets were used with six levels (27, 31, 35, 39, 43 e 47%) of crude protein (CP) in entirely randomised design with four repetitions. Fish with an average weight of 0.11 ± 0.02g were fed three times a day for 30 days. At the end of the experiment were evaluated: survival rate (SR); weight gain (WG); feed intake (FI); protein intake (PI); feed conversion (FC); protein efficiency ratio (PER); and specific growth rate (SGR). For FI, FC and PER, a negative linear effect of dietary CP levels was observed (p < 0.05). A quadratic effect of dietary CP levels for SR, WG and SGR was also observed and the estimated values which maximise the respective parameters were 30.95, 33.13 and 29.55% of CP. Thus, we concluded that the requirement for protein for juvenile Betta splendens is between 30 and 33% CP.
References
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ROSTAGNO, H.S.; ALBINO L.F.T.; DONZELE, J.L. 2005 Composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais de aves e suínos: In: tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos. Editora UFV, Viçosa. 186p.
RUOHONEN, K.; VIELMA, J.; GROVE, D.J. 1999 Low-protein supplement increases protein retention and reduces the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus wasted by rainbow trout fed on low-fat herring. Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 5: 83-91.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; ENGKAGUL, A.; RUNGRUANGSAKTORRISSEN, K. 2010 Temperature and pH
characteristics of amylase and lipase at different developmental stages of siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), Bangkok, 44 : 210í 219.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; KOVITVADHI, S.; SOMSUEB, P.; RUNGRUANGSAK-TORRISSEN, K. 2011 Effects of different modified diets on growth, digestive enzyme activities and muscle compositions in juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 322-323: 1í 9.
VERAS, G.C.; SALARO, A.L.; ZUANON, J.A.S.; CARNEIRO, A.P.S.; CAMPELO, D.A.V.; MURGAS, L.D.S. 2010 Growth performance and body composition of giant trahira fingerlings fed diets with different protein and energy levels.
Pesquisa agroécuaria brasileira, Brasília, 45(9): 1021-1027.
WILSON, R.P. 2002 Amino acids and proteins. In: HALVER, J.E. and HARDY, R.W. Fish Nutrition. Orlando: Academic Press. p.144-179.
WOODS III, L.C. 2001 Domestication and strain evaluation of striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 202: 343í 350.
WU, R.S.S. 1995 The environmental impact of marine fish culture: Towards a sustainable future. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Oxford, 31: 159í 166.
YANG, S.D.; LIOU, C.H.; LIU, F.G. 2002 Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, carcass composition and ammonia excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 213: 363í 372.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; HISANO, H.; FALCON, D.R.; SAMPAIO, F.G.; BARROS, M.M.; PEZZATO, L.E. 2007 Digestibilidade de alimentos protéicos e energéticos para fêmeas de beta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 36: 987-991.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; BALBINO, E.M.; SARAIVA, A.; QUADROS, M.; FONTANARI, R.L. 2006 Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de acará-bandeira. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 35: 1893-1896.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; FURUYA, W.M. 2011 Produção e nutrição de peixes ornamentais. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 40: 165-174, suplemento especial.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; MORAES, S.S.S.; ALVES, L.M.O.; BALBINO, E.M.; ARAíÅ¡JO, E.S. 2009 Dietary protein and energy requirements of juvenile freshwater angelfish. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 38: 989-993.
CHO, S.W. and JO, J.Y. 2002 Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Number of Meals on Growth and Body Composition of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus During Summer and Winter Seasons. Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society, Baton Rouge, 33: 48-56.
CORNÉLIO, F.H.G.; CUNHA, D.A.; SILVEIRA, J.; ALEXANDRE, D.; SILVA, C.P.; FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2014 Dietary protein requirement of juvenile cachara catfish, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, 45(1): 45-54.
DEVARAJ, S.; ARULPRAKASAM, C.; KANDHAN, A.P.; NEELAMEGAM, K.; KALAISELVAN, R. 2014 Toxicological effects of ammonia on gills of Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Linn.). Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, Haikou, 2(2): 94-98.
DOSDAT A, PERSON-LE RUYET J, COVíˆS D, DUTTO G, GASSET E, LE ROUX A, LEMARIÉ, A 2003 Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilization and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquatic Living Resources, Cambridge, 16: 509-520.
DYKMAN, M. 2012 The Environmental and economic benefits of eco-certification within the ornamental fish trade. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Singapore, 3(1): 1-6.
ENGIN, K. and CARTER, C.G. 2001 Ammonia and urea excretion rates of juvenile Australian shortfinned eel (Anguilla australis australis) as influenced by dietary protein level. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 194: 123í 136.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 2005 United Nations Fishery Statistics. June 2005 report. Disponível em <http://faostat.fao.org/>. Acesso em: 20 de setembro 2013.
GIRI, S.S.; SAHOO, S.K.; SAHU, A.K.; MEHER, P.K. 2003 Effect of dietary protein level on growth, survival, feed utilisation and body composition of hybrid Clarias catfish (Clarias batrachus í"” Clarias gariepinus). Animal Feed Science and Technology, Amsterdam, 104: 169í 178.
ITUASSíÅ¡, D.R.; PEREIRA FILHO, M.; ROUBACH, R.; CRESCíÅ NCIO, R.; CAVERO, B.A.S.; GANDRA, A.L. 2005 Níveis de proteína bruta para juvenis de pirarucu. Pesquisa Agropecuária brasileira, Brasília, 40(3): 255-259.
JAMES, R. and SAMPATH, K. 2003 Effect of animal and plant protein diets on growth and fecundity in ornamental fish, Betta splendens (Regan). The Israel Journal of Aquaculture, Bamidgeh, 55(1): 39-52.
JAUNCEY, K. 1982 The effects of varying dietary protein level on the growth, food conversion, protein utilization and body composition of juvenile tilapias (Surotherodon mossambicus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 27: 43-54.
KIM, J.D. and LALL, S.P. 2001 Effects of dietary protein level on growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddoc (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 195: 311í 319.
KIM, L.O. and LEE, S.M. 2005 Effects of the dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 243: 323-329.
LEMARIÉ G, DOSDAT A, COVíˆS D, DUTTO G, GASSET G, PERSON-LE RUYET J. 2004 Effect of chronic ammonia exposure on growth of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 229: 479-91.
LI, M.; YUA, N.; QIN, J.G.; LI, E.; DU, Z.; CHEN, L. 2014 Effects of ammonia stress, dietary linseed oil and Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge on juvenile darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Aberdeen, 38: 158-165.
LUPATSCH, I.; KISSIL, G.W.; SKLAN, D.; PFEFFER, E. 2001. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy supply on growth, body composition and protein utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 7: 71-80.
LUPATSCH, I. 2005 Protein and energy requirements in Mediterranean species. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, Zaragoza, 63: 9-18.
MCGOOGAN, B.B. and GATLIN III, D.M. 1998. Metabolic requirements of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, for protein and energy based on weight gain and body composition. Journal of Nutrition, Rockville Pike, 128: 123-129.
MELO, J.F.B.; LUNDSTEDT, L.M.; METON, I.; ISABEL BAANANTE, V.; MORAES, G. 2006 Effects of dietary levels of protein on nitrogenous metabolism of Rhamdia quelen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vancouver, 145: 181í 187.
MIRANDA, E.C.A.C.; PEZZATO, L.E.; FURUYA, W.M. 2000 Disponibilidade aparente de fósforo em ingredientes pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 22: 669-675.
MOHANTA, K.N.; MOHANTY, S.N.; JENA, J.K.; SAHU, N.P. 2008 Protein requirement of silver barb, Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 14: 143í 152.
PEZZATO, L.E.; MIRANDA, E.C.M.; BARROS, M.M.; PINTO, L.G.Q.; FURUYA, W.M.; PEZZATO, A.C. 2002 Digestibilidade aparente de ingredientes pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 31: 1595-1604.
RASMUSSEN R and KORSGAARD B. 1996 The effect of external ammonia on growth and food utilization of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Christchurch, 205: 35-48.
RIBEIRO, F.A.S.; RODRIGUES, L.A.; FERNANDES, J.B.K. 2007 Desempenho de juvenis de AcaráBandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta na dieta. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 33(2): 195-203.
ROSTAGNO, H.S.; ALBINO L.F.T.; DONZELE, J.L. 2005 Composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais de aves e suínos: In: tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos. Editora UFV, Viçosa. 186p.
RUOHONEN, K.; VIELMA, J.; GROVE, D.J. 1999 Low-protein supplement increases protein retention and reduces the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus wasted by rainbow trout fed on low-fat herring. Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 5: 83-91.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; ENGKAGUL, A.; RUNGRUANGSAKTORRISSEN, K. 2010 Temperature and pH
characteristics of amylase and lipase at different developmental stages of siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), Bangkok, 44 : 210í 219.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; KOVITVADHI, S.; SOMSUEB, P.; RUNGRUANGSAK-TORRISSEN, K. 2011 Effects of different modified diets on growth, digestive enzyme activities and muscle compositions in juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 322-323: 1í 9.
VERAS, G.C.; SALARO, A.L.; ZUANON, J.A.S.; CARNEIRO, A.P.S.; CAMPELO, D.A.V.; MURGAS, L.D.S. 2010 Growth performance and body composition of giant trahira fingerlings fed diets with different protein and energy levels.
Pesquisa agroécuaria brasileira, Brasília, 45(9): 1021-1027.
WILSON, R.P. 2002 Amino acids and proteins. In: HALVER, J.E. and HARDY, R.W. Fish Nutrition. Orlando: Academic Press. p.144-179.
WOODS III, L.C. 2001 Domestication and strain evaluation of striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 202: 343í 350.
WU, R.S.S. 1995 The environmental impact of marine fish culture: Towards a sustainable future. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Oxford, 31: 159í 166.
YANG, S.D.; LIOU, C.H.; LIU, F.G. 2002 Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, carcass composition and ammonia excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 213: 363í 372.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; HISANO, H.; FALCON, D.R.; SAMPAIO, F.G.; BARROS, M.M.; PEZZATO, L.E. 2007 Digestibilidade de alimentos protéicos e energéticos para fêmeas de beta. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 36: 987-991.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; BALBINO, E.M.; SARAIVA, A.; QUADROS, M.; FONTANARI, R.L. 2006 Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de acará-bandeira. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 35: 1893-1896.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; FURUYA, W.M. 2011 Produção e nutrição de peixes ornamentais. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 40: 165-174, suplemento especial.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; MORAES, S.S.S.; ALVES, L.M.O.; BALBINO, E.M.; ARAíÅ¡JO, E.S. 2009 Dietary protein and energy requirements of juvenile freshwater angelfish. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 38: 989-993.
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2016-09-30
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