EFFECT OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID FEEDING PERIODS ON FATTY ACID PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF <i>Astyanax altiparanae</i>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e618Keywords:
CLA;, deposition rate;, fatty acids;, healthy traits;, nutrition.Abstract
The effects of feeding diets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to Astyanax altiparanae for different periods were investigated on carcasses’ fatty acid profile and nutritional quality. The trial was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight feeding periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days) and four replicates. A total of 240 fish (3.4 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four aquariums and fed with the diet containing 32% crude protein, 15 MJ kg-1 gross energy, and 2.5% of CLA. Feeding CLA diet for 49 days resulted in the higher deposition of CLA, CLA isomers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The isomer c9,t11 was highly deposited than the t10,c12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, and n-6 increased with feeding period, whereas saturated (SFA), monounsaturated, and medium-chain fatty acids decreased. PUFA/SFA ratio, DHA/EPA, EPA+DHA, and thrombogenicity index increased linearly. Whereas atherogenicity index reduced, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio increased in quadratic effects over feeding time. No difference was observed for the n-6/n-3 ratio. Feeding A. altiparanae with 2.5% of CLA for a minimum of 35 days improves the fatty acid profile and provides a commercial product with good nutritional quality and functional benefits.
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Ferreira, P.M.F.; Nascimento, L.S.; Dias, D.C.; Moreira, D.M.V.; Salaro, A.L.; Freitas, M.B.D.; Carneiro, A.P.S.; Zuanon, J.A.S. 2014. Essential oregano oil as a growth promoter for the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 45(1): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12094.
Fritsche, J.; Steinhart, H. 1998. Amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in German foods and evaluation of daily intake. Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A, 206: 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050218.
Gómez-Candela, C.; Bermejo López, L.M.; Loria-Kohen, V. 2011. Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health. Nutritional recomendations. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 26(2): 323-329. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2011.26.2.5117.
Hartman, L.; Lago, R.C. 1973. Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids. Laboratory Practice, 22(6): 475-476.
Henderson, R.J. 1996. Fatty acid metabolism in freshwater fish with particular reference to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 49(1): 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450399609381859.
Justi, K.C.; Hayashi, C.; Visentainer, J.V.; De Souza, N.E.; Matsushita, M. 2003. The influence of feed supply time on the fatty acid profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on a diet enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Food Chemistry, 80(4): 489-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00317-5.
Kennedy, S.R.; Campbell, P.J.; Porter, A.; Tocher, D.R. 2005. Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid and fatty acid composition in liver and flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 141(2): 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.02.010.
Kennedy, S.R.; Leaver, M.J.; Campbell, P.J.; Zheng, X.; Dick, J.R.; Tocher, D.R. 2006. Influence of dietary oil content and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid metabolism enzyme activities and gene expression in tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Lipids, 41(5): 423-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5116-4.
Kennedy, S.R.; Bickerdike, R.; Berge, R.K.; Porter, A.R.; Tocher, D.R. 2007. Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) on growth, lipid composition and key enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture, 264(1-4): 372-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.013.
Kildea, M.A.; Allan, G.L.; Kearney, R.E. 2004. Accumulation and clearance of the anaesthetics clove oil and AQUI-Sâ"ž¢ from the edible tissue of silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Aquaculture, 232(1-4): 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00483-6.
Makol, A.; Torrecillas, S.; Vaquero, A.F.; Rincón, L.; Ginés, R.; Izquierdo, M. 2013. Incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid in market size sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its effects on performance, composition and fillet sensory and texture attributes. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(5): 785-797. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12025.
Martin, J.C.; Grégoire, S.; Siess, M.H.; Genty, M.; Chardigny, J.M.; Berdeaux, O.; Juaneda, P.; Sébédio, J.L. 2000. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid-metabolizing enzymes in male rats. Lipids, 35(1): 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0499-9.
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