Determining the daily digestible protein intake for Nile tilapia at different growth stages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017.54.63Keywords:
feed conversion, Oreochromis niloticus, protein deposition, weight gainAbstract
This study aimed to estimate the utilization efficiency and optimal intake of digestible protein to maximize weight gain and feed conversion in Nile tilapia juveniles at different development stages. Four trials, each lasting 45 days, were performed using sexually inverted Nile tilapia juveniles with an initial average weight of 2.01 g (phase A), 14.26 g (phase B), 59.96 g (phase C), and 149.11 g (phase D). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates. The levels of digestible protein ranged from 175 to 425 g kg-1 (phase A), 163 to 390 g kg-1 (phase B), 150 to 360 g kg-1 (phase C), and 138 to 330 g kg-1 (phase D). The maximum responses in terms of weight gain were obtained with protein intakes (digestible protein) of 88, 328, 713, and 855 mg fish-1 day-1, respectively for phases A, B, C, and D. The maximum feed conversion ratio was obtained with protein intakes of 78, 272, 697, and 793 mg fish-1 day-1, respectively for phases A, B, C, and D. The protein utilization efficiency was 52, 51, 51, and 50% for phases A, B, C, and D respectively.
References
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period on growth performance, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of Nile
Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 40(13): 1532-1537.
ABDEL-TAWWAB, M.; AHMAD, M.H.; KHATTAB, Y.A.; SHALABY, A.M. 2010 Effect of dietary
protein level, initial body weight, and their nteraction on the growth, feed utilization, and
physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L). Aquaculture, 298(3-4):
267-274.
AOAC. 2016 Official Methods of Analysis. 20ª ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Rockville, MD, USA. 3172p.
BOTARO, D.; FURUYA, W.M.; SILVA, L.C.R.; SANTOS, L.D.; SILVA, T.D.C.; SANTOS, V.D. 2007 Redução da proteína da dieta com base no conceito de proteína ideal para tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) criadas em tanques-rede. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(3): 517-525.
BOSISIO, F.; REZENDE, K.F.O.; BARBIERI, E. 2017 Alterations in the hematological parameters of
Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to different salinities. Pan-American
Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 12(2): 146-154.
EL-DAHHAR, A.A. 2007 Review Article on protein and energy requirements of tilapia and mullet.
Journal of The Arabian Aquaculture Society, 2(1):1-28.
EL-SAYED, A.M.; TESHIMA, S.I. 1991 Tilapia nutrition in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquatic
Science, 5(3/4): 247-265.
EL-SAYED, A.F.M.; KAWANNA M. 2008 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on spawning
performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) brood stock in a recycling system.
Aquaculture, 280(1-4): 179-184.
FERNANDES, A.C.; CARVALHO, P.L.P.F.; PEZZATO, L.E.; KOCH, J.F.A.; TEIXEIRA, C.P.; CINTRA, F.T., DAMASCENO, F.M; AMORIM, R.A.; BARROS, M.M. 2016 The effect of digestible protein to digestible energy ratio and choline supplementation on growth, hematological parameters, liver steatosis and size-sorting stress response in Nile tilapia under field condition. Aquaculture, 456: 83-93.
FISHER, C.; MORRIS, T.R. 1970 The determination of the methionine requirements of laying pullets by a diet dilution technique. British Poultry Science, 11(1): 67-82.
FURUYA, W.M. 2010 Tabelas brasileiras para a nutrição de tilápias. Toledo: GFM: p.100.
FURUYA, W.M.; HAYASHI, C.; FURUYA, V.R.B.; SOARES, C. 2000 Exigência de proteína para
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nutrients, energy, and amino acid of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes for Nile tilapia.
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(9): 849-853.
LIEBERT, F. 2015 Basics and applications of an exponential nitrogen utilization model ("Gottingen approachâ€Â) for assessing amino acid requirements in growing pigs and meat type chickens based on dietary amino acid efficiency. In: SAKOMURA N.K.; GOUS, R.M.; KYRIAZAKIS, L.; HAUSCHILD, L. (eds.), Nutritional Modelling for Pigs and Poultry. CABI International, São Paulo, Brazil, p.73-88.
LIEBERT, F.; SíÅ“NDER, A.; MOHAMED, K. 2006 Assessment of nitrogen maintenance requirement and potential for protein deposition in juvenile Tilapia genotypes by application of an exponential nitrogen utilization model. Aquaculture, 261(4): 1346-1355.
LUPATSCH, I. 2012 Optimized feed management for intensively reared tilapia. Global Aquaculture
Advocate, 32-34.
MENTE, E.; CARTER C.G.; BARNES, R.S.K.; KARAPANAGIOTIDIS, I.T. 2011 Protein synthesis in wild-caught Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 409(1-2): 208-214.
MEURER, F.; HAYASHI, C.; BOSCOLO, W.R.; SANTOS, L.D.; WOLF, L.; COLPINI, L.M.S. 2007
Exigência de proteína digestível para juvenis de tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em baixa
temperatura. Revista Cientifica de Produção Animal, 9(1): 53-64.
MOREIRA, I.; POZZA, P.C. 2014 Metabolismo proteico. In: SAKOMURA, N.K., SILVA, J.H.V.;
COSTA, F.G.P.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; HAUSHILD, L. (eds.). Nutrição de não-ruminantes. Funep,
Jaboticabal, p.95-109.
NRC í NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National
Academic Press, Washington, D.C. 376p.
OLIVEIRA, M.M.; RIBEIRO, T.; ORLANDO, T.M.; OLIVEIRA, D.G.S.; DRUMOND, M.M.; FREITAS,
R.T.F.; ROSA, P.V. 2014 Effects crude protein levels on female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reproductive performance parameters.
Animal Reproduction Science, 150(1-2): 62-69. PONTES, E.C.; OLIVEIRA, M.M.; ROSA, P.V.;
FREITAS, R.T.F.; PIMENTA, M.E.S.G.; RODRIGUES, P.B. 2010 Níveis de farinha de peixe em rações para juvenis de tilapia. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(8): 1626-1632.
ROBBINS, K.R.; SAXTON, A.M.; SOUTHERN, L.L. 2006 Estimation of nutrient requirements using
broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science, 84(suppl): 155-165.
SAS Institute. 2008 SAS/STAT 9.2. User’s guide. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC. p.4264-4286.
SILVA, J.H.V.; COSTA, F.G.P.; LIMA, R.B. Digestão e absorção das proteínas. 2014. In: SAKOMURA,
N.K., SILVA, J.H.V.; COSTA, F.G.P.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; HAUSHILD, L. (eds.). Nutrição de não-ruminantes. Funep, Jaboticabal, p.95-109.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H.; SANTEIRO, R.M. 2013 Fish farm and water quality management. Acta
Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 35(1): 21-27.
TRUNG, D.V.; DIU, N.T.; HAO, N.T.; GLENCROSS, B. 2011 Development of a nutritional model to
define the energy and protein requirements of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture,
320(1-2): 69-75.
period on growth performance, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of Nile
Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 40(13): 1532-1537.
ABDEL-TAWWAB, M.; AHMAD, M.H.; KHATTAB, Y.A.; SHALABY, A.M. 2010 Effect of dietary
protein level, initial body weight, and their nteraction on the growth, feed utilization, and
physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L). Aquaculture, 298(3-4):
267-274.
AOAC. 2016 Official Methods of Analysis. 20ª ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists,
Rockville, MD, USA. 3172p.
BOTARO, D.; FURUYA, W.M.; SILVA, L.C.R.; SANTOS, L.D.; SILVA, T.D.C.; SANTOS, V.D. 2007 Redução da proteína da dieta com base no conceito de proteína ideal para tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) criadas em tanques-rede. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(3): 517-525.
BOSISIO, F.; REZENDE, K.F.O.; BARBIERI, E. 2017 Alterations in the hematological parameters of
Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to different salinities. Pan-American
Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 12(2): 146-154.
EL-DAHHAR, A.A. 2007 Review Article on protein and energy requirements of tilapia and mullet.
Journal of The Arabian Aquaculture Society, 2(1):1-28.
EL-SAYED, A.M.; TESHIMA, S.I. 1991 Tilapia nutrition in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquatic
Science, 5(3/4): 247-265.
EL-SAYED, A.F.M.; KAWANNA M. 2008 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on spawning
performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) brood stock in a recycling system.
Aquaculture, 280(1-4): 179-184.
FERNANDES, A.C.; CARVALHO, P.L.P.F.; PEZZATO, L.E.; KOCH, J.F.A.; TEIXEIRA, C.P.; CINTRA, F.T., DAMASCENO, F.M; AMORIM, R.A.; BARROS, M.M. 2016 The effect of digestible protein to digestible energy ratio and choline supplementation on growth, hematological parameters, liver steatosis and size-sorting stress response in Nile tilapia under field condition. Aquaculture, 456: 83-93.
FISHER, C.; MORRIS, T.R. 1970 The determination of the methionine requirements of laying pullets by a diet dilution technique. British Poultry Science, 11(1): 67-82.
FURUYA, W.M. 2010 Tabelas brasileiras para a nutrição de tilápias. Toledo: GFM: p.100.
FURUYA, W.M.; HAYASHI, C.; FURUYA, V.R.B.; SOARES, C. 2000 Exigência de proteína para
alevino revertido de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 29(6):
1912-1917.
FURUYA, W.M.; BOTARO, D.; MACEDO, R.D.; SANTOS, V.D.; SILVA, L.C.R.; SILVA, T.D.C.; FURUYA, V.R.B.; SALES, P.J.P. 2005 Aplicação do conceito de proteína ideal para redução dos níveis de proteína em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de
Zootecnia, 34(5): 1433-1441.
GLENCROSS, B.D.; PHUONG, N.T.; HIEN, T.T.T.; TU, T.C.; PHU, T.M. 2011 A factorial growth and
feed utilization model for Tra catfish, Pangasianodon hypopthalamus. Aquaculture Nutrition,
17(2): 396-405.
GOLTERMAN, H.L.; CLYMO, R.; ONSTAD, M. 1978 Methods for physical and chemical analysis
freshwaters. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, London, IBP Handbook: p.214.
GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.; PEZZATO, L.E.; BARROS, M.M.; HISANO, H.; SANTA ROSA, M.J. 2009 Níveis de proteína digestível e energia digestível em dietas para tilápias-do-nilo formuladas com base no conceito de proteína ideal. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(12): 2289-2298.
HISANO, H.; FLORA, M.A.L.D.; PILECCO, J.L.; MENDONí"¡A, S. 2015 Apparent digestibility of
nutrients, energy, and amino acid of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes for Nile tilapia.
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(9): 849-853.
LIEBERT, F. 2015 Basics and applications of an exponential nitrogen utilization model ("Gottingen approachâ€Â) for assessing amino acid requirements in growing pigs and meat type chickens based on dietary amino acid efficiency. In: SAKOMURA N.K.; GOUS, R.M.; KYRIAZAKIS, L.; HAUSCHILD, L. (eds.), Nutritional Modelling for Pigs and Poultry. CABI International, São Paulo, Brazil, p.73-88.
LIEBERT, F.; SíÅ“NDER, A.; MOHAMED, K. 2006 Assessment of nitrogen maintenance requirement and potential for protein deposition in juvenile Tilapia genotypes by application of an exponential nitrogen utilization model. Aquaculture, 261(4): 1346-1355.
LUPATSCH, I. 2012 Optimized feed management for intensively reared tilapia. Global Aquaculture
Advocate, 32-34.
MENTE, E.; CARTER C.G.; BARNES, R.S.K.; KARAPANAGIOTIDIS, I.T. 2011 Protein synthesis in wild-caught Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 409(1-2): 208-214.
MEURER, F.; HAYASHI, C.; BOSCOLO, W.R.; SANTOS, L.D.; WOLF, L.; COLPINI, L.M.S. 2007
Exigência de proteína digestível para juvenis de tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em baixa
temperatura. Revista Cientifica de Produção Animal, 9(1): 53-64.
MOREIRA, I.; POZZA, P.C. 2014 Metabolismo proteico. In: SAKOMURA, N.K., SILVA, J.H.V.;
COSTA, F.G.P.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; HAUSHILD, L. (eds.). Nutrição de não-ruminantes. Funep,
Jaboticabal, p.95-109.
NRC í NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National
Academic Press, Washington, D.C. 376p.
OLIVEIRA, M.M.; RIBEIRO, T.; ORLANDO, T.M.; OLIVEIRA, D.G.S.; DRUMOND, M.M.; FREITAS,
R.T.F.; ROSA, P.V. 2014 Effects crude protein levels on female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reproductive performance parameters.
Animal Reproduction Science, 150(1-2): 62-69. PONTES, E.C.; OLIVEIRA, M.M.; ROSA, P.V.;
FREITAS, R.T.F.; PIMENTA, M.E.S.G.; RODRIGUES, P.B. 2010 Níveis de farinha de peixe em rações para juvenis de tilapia. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(8): 1626-1632.
ROBBINS, K.R.; SAXTON, A.M.; SOUTHERN, L.L. 2006 Estimation of nutrient requirements using
broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science, 84(suppl): 155-165.
SAS Institute. 2008 SAS/STAT 9.2. User’s guide. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC. p.4264-4286.
SILVA, J.H.V.; COSTA, F.G.P.; LIMA, R.B. Digestão e absorção das proteínas. 2014. In: SAKOMURA,
N.K., SILVA, J.H.V.; COSTA, F.G.P.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; HAUSHILD, L. (eds.). Nutrição de não-ruminantes. Funep, Jaboticabal, p.95-109.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H.; SANTEIRO, R.M. 2013 Fish farm and water quality management. Acta
Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, 35(1): 21-27.
TRUNG, D.V.; DIU, N.T.; HAO, N.T.; GLENCROSS, B. 2011 Development of a nutritional model to
define the energy and protein requirements of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture,
320(1-2): 69-75.
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2017-12-27
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