Lettuce production in aquaponic and biofloc systems with silver catfish Rhamdia quelen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017.64.73Keywords:
green vegetable, hydroponic, multitrophic systemAbstract
Aquaponic and biofloc systems have advantages when compared to conventional food production, but studies that associate both systems are incipient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Lactuca sativa in hydroponic and aquaponic systems (with Rhamdia quelen) with or without bioflocs and using minimal infrastructure. Hydroponic (H-system), aquaponic (Aqua), and aquaponics with bioflocs (Aqua-BF) were evaluated in a randomized design. It did not use a greenhouse, and a single tank to produce vegetables and fish together was used. The stocking density of lettuce was 20 plants m-2. A total of 168 R. quelen juveniles were used to Aqua and Aqua-BF. Total ammonia, nitrite, and turbidity of the water were higher to Aqua-BF than H-system and Aqua. Lettuces were significantly more productive in Aqua and Aqua-BF than in H-system. There were no differences between Aqua and Aqua-BF for the parameters lettuce production and fish performance. Under the conditions of this study, it was possible to conclude that aquaponics farmers can use silver catfish, and that aquaponic systems with and without bioflocs can improve the lettuce production. The use of bioflocs in the aquaponic system may improve the productivity but needs a better study to optimize and simplify this technology.
References
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implication for fish culture. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 275-281.
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vegetable production. Desalination, 246(1): 147-156.
HARGREAVES, J.A. 2013 Biofloc production systems for aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Auburn. 11p.
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RIBEIRO FILHO, O.P.; SEIXAS FILHO, J.T. 2013 Aproveitamento do efluente da produção de
tilápia-do-nilo para o crescimento de manjericão (Origanum basilicum) e manjerona (Origanum
majorana) em sistemas de aquaponia. Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável, 3(1): 51-55.
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<https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102662>.
LOVE, D.C.; FRY, J.P.; LI, X.; HILL, E.S.; GENELLO,L.; SEMMENS, K.; THOMPSON, R.E. 2015
Commercial aquaponics production and profitability: Findings from an international survey. Aquaculture, 435(Jan): 67-74.
LUZ, G.L.; MEDEIROS, S.L.P.; MANFRON, P.A.; Mí"ºLLER, A.D.A.L.; TORRES, M.G.; MENTGES, L. 2008 A questão do nitrato em alface hidropônica e a saúde humana. Ciência Rural, 38(8): 2388-2394.
MARTINS, C.I.M.; EDING, E.H.; VERDEGEM, M.C.J.; HEINSBROEK, L.T.N.; SCHNEIDER, O.; BLANCHETON, J.P.; ROQUE D’ORB CASTEL, E.; VERRETH, J.A.J. 2010 New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability.
Aquacultural Engineering, 43(3): 83-93.
OLIVEIRA, N.L.C.; PUIATTI, M.; SANTOS, R.H.S. 2010 Efeito da urina de vaca no estado nutricional da alface. Revista Ceres, 57(4): 506-515.
POLI, M.A.; SCHVEITZER, R.; NUí"˜ERR, A.P.O. 2015 The use of biofloc technology in a South
American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) hatchery: effect of suspended solids in the performance of
larvae. Aquacultural Engineering, 66(May): 17-21.
QIU, Z.P.; YANG, Q.C.; LIU, W.K. 2014 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nutritional quality and root
secretion accumulation of hydroponic lettuce. Acta Horticulturae, 1037(87): 679-686.
RADIN, B.; REISSER JíÅ¡NIOR, C.; MATZENAUER, R.; BERGAMASCHI, H., 2004 Crescimento de
cultivares de alface conduzidas em estufa e a campo. Horticultura Brasileira, 22(2): 178-181.
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SAVVAS, D.; PASSAM, H.C.; OLYMPIOS, C.; NASI, E.; MOUSTAKA, E.; MANTZOS, N.; BAROUCHAS, P. 2006 Effects of ammonium nitrogen on lettuce grown on pumice in a closed hydroponic system. HortScience, 41(7): 1667-1673.
SOARES, H.R.; SILVA, E.F.D.F.; SILVA, G.F.D.; PEDROSA, E.M.; ROLIM, M.M.; SANTOS, A.N.
2015 Lettuce growth and water consumption in NFT hydroponic system using brackish water.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 19(7): 636-642.
STRICKLAND, J.D.H.; PARSONS, T.R. 1972 A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. 310p.
TANG, H.L.; CHEN, H. 2015 Nitrification at fullscale municipal wastewater treatment plants:
Evaluation of inhibition and bioaugmentation of nitrifiers. Bioresource Technology, 190(Aug): 76-81.
WASIELESKY, W.; EMERENCIANO, M.; BALLESTER, E.; SOARES, R.; CAVALLI, R.; ABREU, P.C. 2006
Cultivos em meios com flocos microbianos: um novo caminho a ser percorrido. Panorama da
Aquicultura, 16(96): 14-23.
XLSTAT 2014 Version 2014.5.01. Copyright Addinsoft 1995-2014.
ZOU, Y.; HU, Z.; ZHANG, J.; XIE, H.; GUIMBAUD, C.; FANG, Y. 2016 Effects of pH on nitrogen
transformations in media-based aquaponics. Bioresource Technology, 210(Jun): 81-87.
de nível nitrogênio em cereais. Ciência Rural, 31(4): 715-722.
AVNIMELECH, Y. 1999 Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems.
Aquaculture, 176(3-4): 227-235.
AVNIMELECH, Y. 2007 Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bioflocs
technology ponds. Aquaculture, 264(1-4): 140-147.
AVNIMELECH, Y. 2009 Biofloc Technology - A practical guide book. The World Aquaculture Society,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. 182p.
BALDISSEROTTO, B.; RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J. 2004 Criação de jundiá. Editora UFSM, Santa Maria.
232p.
BALDISSEROTTO, B.; SILVA, L.V.F. 2004 Qualidade da água. In: BALDISSEROTTO, B.; RADíÅ“NZ
NETO J. Criação de jundiá. Santa Maria, UFSM.p.73-94.
BAUMGARTEN, M.G.Z.; ROCHA, J.M.B.; NIENCHESKI, L.F.H. 1996 Manual de análises
em oceanografia química. Editora FURG, Rio Grande. 132p.
BOYD, C.E. 2015 Water quality: an introduction. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 3560p.
BURFORD, M.A.; THOMPSON, P.J.; MCINTOSH, R.P.; BAUMAN, R.H.; PEARSON, D.C. 2003 Nutrient and microbial dynamics in highintensity, zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture, 219(1-4): 393-411.
CALLEGARI-JACQUES, S.M. 2007 Bioestatística: princípios e aplicações. Artmed, Porto Alegre. 255p.
CARMELLO, Q.A.C.; ROSSI, F. 1997 Hidroponia - solução nutritiva. Manual n.111. Centro de
Produções Técnicas, Viçosa. 52p.
CARRIJO, A.O.; MAKISHIMA, M.; SOUZA, A.F. 2000 Princípios de nutrição mineral, formulação
e manejo da solução nutritiva. In: CARRIJO, A.O. and MAKISHIMA, M. Princípios de Hidroponia.
Circular Técnica 22. Embrapa. p.10-18.
CARVALHO, R.O.; MACHADO, M.B.; SCHERER,V.S.; FUENTES, G.C.; da LUZ, C.A.S.; da LUZ, M.L.G.S. 2015 Hydroponic lettuce production and minimally processed lettuce. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2015(special issue): 290-293.
CORTEZ, G.E.P.; ARAíÅ¡JO, J.A.C.; BELLINGIERI, P.A.; DALRI, A.B. 2009 Qualidade química da água residual da criação de peixes para cultivo de alface em hidroponia. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 13(4): 494-498.
COSTA, P.C.; DIDONE, E.B.; SESSO, T.M.; CAí"˜IZARES, K.A.L.; GOTO, R. 2001 Condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva e produção de alface em hidroponia. Scientia Agricola, 58(3): 595-597.
EBELING, J.M.; TIMMONS, M.B.; BISOGNI, J.J. 2006 Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of
photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic control of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture in
aquaculture production systems. Aquaculture, 257(1-4): 346-358.
EFFENDI, H.; WAHYUNINGSIH, S.; WARDIATNO, Y. 2016 The use of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) cultivation wastewater for the production of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) in water recirculation system. Applied Water Science, 6(2): 1-9.
FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 2016 The state of
world fisheries and aquaculture, 2016. FAO, Rome. 204p.
FERREIRA, M.M.M.; FERREIRA, G.B.; FONTES,P.C.R.; DANTAS, J.P. 2006 Índice SPAD e teor
de clorofila no limbo foliar do tomateiro em função de doses de nitrogênio e da adubação
orgí¢nica, em duas épocas de cultivo. Revista Ceres, 53(305): 83-92.
GARCIA, L.D.O.; COPATTI, C.E.; WACHHOLZ, F.; PEREIRA FILHO, W.; BALDISSEROTTO, B.
2008 Freshwater temperature in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, and its
implication for fish culture. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2): 275-281.
GODDEK, S.; DELAIDE, B.; MANKASINGH, U.; RAGNARSDOTTIR, K.V.; JIJAKLI, H.; THORARINSDOTTIR, R. 2015 Challenges of sustainable and commercial aquaponics í
review. Sustainability, 7(4): 4199-4224.
GRABER, A.; JUNGE, R. 2009 Aquaponic systems: nutrient recycling from fish wastewater by
vegetable production. Desalination, 246(1): 147-156.
HARGREAVES, J.A. 2013 Biofloc production systems for aquaculture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Auburn. 11p.
HUNDLEY, G.M.C.; NAVARRO, R.D.; FIGUEIREDO, C.M.G.; NAVARRO, F.K.S.P.; PEREIRA, M.M.;
RIBEIRO FILHO, O.P.; SEIXAS FILHO, J.T. 2013 Aproveitamento do efluente da produção de
tilápia-do-nilo para o crescimento de manjericão (Origanum basilicum) e manjerona (Origanum
majorana) em sistemas de aquaponia. Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável, 3(1): 51-55.
KLINGER, D.; NAYLOR, R. 2012 Searching for solutions in aquaculture: charting a sustainable
course. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37: 247-276.
KOROLEFF, F. 1976 Determination of nutrients. In: GRASSHOFF, K. Methods of seawater analysis.
Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. p.117-187.
LICAMELE, J.D. 2009 Biomass production and nutrient dynamics in an aquaponics system. Arizona, EUA. 173p. (Thesis. The University of Arizona). Available at: <http://hdl.handle.net/10150/
193835>. Access on: 22 Aug. 2016.
LOVE, D.C.; FRY, J.P.; GENELLO, L.; HILL, E.S.; FREDERICK, J.A.; LI, X.; SEMMENS, K. 2014 An
international survey of aquaponics practitioners. PloS One, 9(7): e102662. [on line] URL
<https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102662>.
LOVE, D.C.; FRY, J.P.; LI, X.; HILL, E.S.; GENELLO,L.; SEMMENS, K.; THOMPSON, R.E. 2015
Commercial aquaponics production and profitability: Findings from an international survey. Aquaculture, 435(Jan): 67-74.
LUZ, G.L.; MEDEIROS, S.L.P.; MANFRON, P.A.; Mí"ºLLER, A.D.A.L.; TORRES, M.G.; MENTGES, L. 2008 A questão do nitrato em alface hidropônica e a saúde humana. Ciência Rural, 38(8): 2388-2394.
MARTINS, C.I.M.; EDING, E.H.; VERDEGEM, M.C.J.; HEINSBROEK, L.T.N.; SCHNEIDER, O.; BLANCHETON, J.P.; ROQUE D’ORB CASTEL, E.; VERRETH, J.A.J. 2010 New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability.
Aquacultural Engineering, 43(3): 83-93.
OLIVEIRA, N.L.C.; PUIATTI, M.; SANTOS, R.H.S. 2010 Efeito da urina de vaca no estado nutricional da alface. Revista Ceres, 57(4): 506-515.
POLI, M.A.; SCHVEITZER, R.; NUí"˜ERR, A.P.O. 2015 The use of biofloc technology in a South
American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) hatchery: effect of suspended solids in the performance of
larvae. Aquacultural Engineering, 66(May): 17-21.
QIU, Z.P.; YANG, Q.C.; LIU, W.K. 2014 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nutritional quality and root
secretion accumulation of hydroponic lettuce. Acta Horticulturae, 1037(87): 679-686.
RADIN, B.; REISSER JíÅ¡NIOR, C.; MATZENAUER, R.; BERGAMASCHI, H., 2004 Crescimento de
cultivares de alface conduzidas em estufa e a campo. Horticultura Brasileira, 22(2): 178-181.
RAKOCY, J. 2007 Ten guidelines for aquaponic systems. Aquaponics Journal, 46: 14-17. [on line]
URL <https://aquaponics.com/learn/aquaponics -journal/articles/ > RAKOCY, J.E.; MASSER, M.P.; LOSORDO, T.M. 2006 Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: aquaponics-integrating fish and plant culture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication, 454: 16p.
SANTOS, A.N.; SOARES, T.M.; SILVA, E.D.; SILVA, D.J.; MONTENEGRO, A.A. 2010 Cultivo hidropônico de alface com água salobra subterrí¢nea e rejeito da dessalinização em Ibimirim, PE. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 14(9): 961-969.
SAVVAS, D.; PASSAM, H.C.; OLYMPIOS, C.; NASI, E.; MOUSTAKA, E.; MANTZOS, N.; BAROUCHAS, P. 2006 Effects of ammonium nitrogen on lettuce grown on pumice in a closed hydroponic system. HortScience, 41(7): 1667-1673.
SOARES, H.R.; SILVA, E.F.D.F.; SILVA, G.F.D.; PEDROSA, E.M.; ROLIM, M.M.; SANTOS, A.N.
2015 Lettuce growth and water consumption in NFT hydroponic system using brackish water.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 19(7): 636-642.
STRICKLAND, J.D.H.; PARSONS, T.R. 1972 A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. 310p.
TANG, H.L.; CHEN, H. 2015 Nitrification at fullscale municipal wastewater treatment plants:
Evaluation of inhibition and bioaugmentation of nitrifiers. Bioresource Technology, 190(Aug): 76-81.
WASIELESKY, W.; EMERENCIANO, M.; BALLESTER, E.; SOARES, R.; CAVALLI, R.; ABREU, P.C. 2006
Cultivos em meios com flocos microbianos: um novo caminho a ser percorrido. Panorama da
Aquicultura, 16(96): 14-23.
XLSTAT 2014 Version 2014.5.01. Copyright Addinsoft 1995-2014.
ZOU, Y.; HU, Z.; ZHANG, J.; XIE, H.; GUIMBAUD, C.; FANG, Y. 2016 Effects of pH on nitrogen
transformations in media-based aquaponics. Bioresource Technology, 210(Jun): 81-87.
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2017-12-27
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