Occurrence of non-native fish species in a Neotropical river under the influence of aquaculture activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.288Keywords:
bioinvasion, invasive species, Oreochromis niloticus, fish farms, biotic homogenizationAbstract
The introduction of non-native species is one of the greatest global changes and is a substantial threat to continental fish fauna. This study aimed to evaluate the composition and structure of the fish assemblage of the Azul River, a tributary along the left margin of the Piquiri River basin, to determine the occurrence, abundance and spatial distribution of non-native fish species. Sampling was carried out from February to November 2014 at three sites along the river using of electric fishing equipment. Thirty-two fish species belonging to 20 genera, 11 families and five orders were collected. Eight non-native fish species were recorded, and Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and Oreochromis niloticus were listed among the five most abundant species in the Azul River. The fish fauna followed a distribution pattern expected for the Neotropical region, with a predominance of Characiformes and Siluriformes. However, the high representativeness of the abundance of the non-native species of the Gymnotiformes and Perciformes orders highlights the potential negative impacts on the structure of the fish assemblages of the Azul River due to species introductions.
References
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; PENCZAK, T. 1995 Populations and production of fish in two small tributaries of the Paraná River, Paraná, Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 312(3): 153-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015508.
ANDERSON, M.J. 2001 A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26(1): 32-46.
ARTHINGTON, A.H.; BLíÅ“HDORN, D.R.; KENNARD, M. 1994 Food resource partitioning by Oreochromis mossambicus, and two native fishes in a sub-tropical Australian impoundment. In: CHOU, L.M.; MUNRO, A.D.; LAM, T.J.; CHEN, T.W.; CHEONG, L.K.K.; DING, J.K.; HOOI, K.K.; KHOO, H.W.; PHANG, V.P.R.; SHIM, K.F.; TAN, C.H. (Eds.). The third Asian fisheries forum. Manila: Asian Fisheries Society. p. 425-428.
ASSIS, D.A.S.; DIAS-FILHO, V.A.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; BRITO, M.F.G. 017 Establishment of the non-native fish Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) (Characiformes:Serrasalmidae) in lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 52(1): 1-11.
ATTAYDE, J.L.; OKUN, N.; BRASIL, J.; MENEZES, R.F.; MESQUITA, P. 2007 Impactos da introdução da tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, sobre a estrutura trófica dos ecossistemas aquáticos do Bioma Caatinga. Oecologia Brasiliensis, 11(3): 450-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2007.1103.13.
AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; PELICICE, F.M.; LIMA-JUNIOR, D.P.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; ORSI, M.L.; VITULE, J.R.S.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2015 How to avoid fish introductions in Brazil: education and
information as alternatives. Natureza & Conservação, 13(2): 123-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncon.2015.06.002.
AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; RIGOLIN-SÁ, O.; PELICICE, F.M. 2011 Growing, losing or introducing? Cage aquaculture as a vector for the introduction of non-native fish in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(1): 915-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/
S1679-62252011000400024.
BARBIERI, E.; COA, F.; REZENDE, K.F.O. 2016 The exotic species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) occurrence in Cananeia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida lagoon estuary complex. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 42(3): 479-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n1p479.
BAUMGARTNER, G.; PAVANELLI, C.S.; BAUMGARTNER, D.; BIFI, A.G.; DEBONA, T.; FRANA, V. 2012 Peixes do baixo rio Iguaçu.Maringá: Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. 203p.
BLACKBURN, T.M.; LOCKWOOD, J.L.; CASSEY, P. 2015 The influence of numbers on invasion success. Molecular Ecology, 24(9): 1942-1953. PMid:25641210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13075.
BORCARD, D.; GILLET, F.; LEGENDRE, P. 2011 Numerical ecology with R. New York: Springer. 302p.
BRITTON, J.R.; ORSI, M.L. 2012 Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná Basin. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 22(3): 555-565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-012-9254-x.
CANONICO, G.C.; ARTHINGTON, A.; MCCRARY, J.K.; THIEME, M.L. 2005 The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity. Aquatic Conservation, 15(5): 463-483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.699.
CASAL, C.M.V. 2006 Global documentation of fish introductions: the growing crisis and recommendations for action. Biological Invasions, 8(1): 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-0231-3.
CLARKE, K.R. 1993 Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Austral Ecology, 18(1): 117-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.
COA, F.; MEDEIROS, A.M.Z.; BARBIERI, E. 2017 Record of nile tilapia in the Mandira River, Cananéia, São Paulo State. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 43(1): 87-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n1p87.
CONOVER, W.J.; IMAN, R.L. 1981 Rank transformations as a Bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. The American Statistician, 35(3): 124-129.
CRAMPTON, W.G.R.; ALBERT, J.S. 2006 Evolution of electric signal diversity in the gymnotiform fishes. In: LADICH, F.; COLLIN, S.P.; MOLLER, P.; KAPOOR, B. G. (Eds.). Communication in fishes. New York: Science Publishers. p. 641-725.
DAGA, V.S.; DEBONA, T.; ABILHOA, V.; GUBIANI, E.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 Non-native fish invasions of a Neotropical ecoregion with high endemism: a review of the Iguaçu River. Aquatic Invasions, 11(2):209-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.2.10.
DAGA, V.S.; SKORA, F.; PADIAL, A.A.; ABILHOA, V.; GUBIANI, E.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2015 Homogenization dynamics of the fish assemblages in neotropical reservoirs: comparing the roles of introduced species and their vectors. Hydrobiologia, 746(1): 327-347. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1007/s10750-014-2032-0.
DAJOZ, R. 1973 Ecologia geral. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes. 471p.
DEINES, A.M.; WITTMANN, M.E.; DEINES, J.M.; LODGE, D.M. 2016 Tradeoffs among ecosystem services associated with global tilapia introductions. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(2): 178-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2015.1115466.
DIANA, J.S. 2009 Aquaculture production and biodiversity conservation. Bioscience, 59(1): 27-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.7. ESCHEMEYER, W.N.; FONG, J. 2017 Catalog of fishes. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
FORNECK, S.C.; DUTRA, F.M.; ZACARKIM, C.E.; CUNICO, A.M. 2016 Invasions risk by non-native freshwater fishes due to aquaculture activity in neotropical a river. Hydrobiologia, 773(1): 193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2699-5.
FREHSE, F.A.; BRAGA, R.R.; NOCERA, G.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 Non-native species and invasion biology in a megadiverse country: scientometric analysis and ecological interactions in Brazil. Biological Invasions,18(12): 3713-3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1260-9.
FROTA, A.; SOUZA, F.; SILVA, P.H. 2014 Análise morfométrica de Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) (Gymnotiformes:Gymnotidae) em diferentes bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Biota Amazônia, 4(4): 27-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n4p27-32.
GHERARDI, F. 2007 Biological invasions in inland waters: an overview. In: GHERARDI, F. (Ed.). Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles, distribution, and threats. 2a ed. New York: Springer. Book Series Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. p. 3-25.
GOZLAN, R.E. 2008 Introduction of non-native freshwater fish: is it all bad? Fish and Fisheries, 9(1): 106-115. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00267.x.
GU, D.E.; MA, G.M.; ZHU, Y.J.; XU, M.; LUO, D.; LI, Y.Y.; WEI, H.; MU, X.D.; LUO, J.R.; HU, Y.C. 2015 The impacts of invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the fisheries in the main rivers of
Guangdong Province, China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 59(1): 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2015.01.004.
GRAí"¡A, W.J.; PAVANELLI, C.S. 2007 Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. Maringá: Eduem. 241p.
JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F.; TÓS, C.D.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; PAVANELLI, C.S. 2009 A massive invasion of fish species after eliminating a natural barrier in the upper rio Paraná basin. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(1):709-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000400021.
LEGENDRE, P.; LEGENDRE, L. 2012 Numerical ecology. 3rd ed. U.S.A.: Elsevier. v. 24, 1006p.
LEPRIEUR, F.; BEAUCHARD, O.; BLANCHET, S.; OBERDORFF, T.; BROSSE, S. 2008 Fish invasions in the world’s river systems: when natural processes are blurred by human activities. PLoS Biology,
6(2): 404-410. PMid:18254661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060322.
LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; PELICICE, F.M.; VITULE, J.R.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2012 Aquicultura, política e meio ambiente no Brasil: novas propostas e velhos equívocos. Natureza & Conservação, 10(1): 88-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2012.015.
LIMA, L.B.; OLIVEIRA, F.J.; GIACOMINI, H.C.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P. 2016 Expansion of aquaculture parks and the increasing risk of nonnative species invasions in Brazil. Reviews in Aquaculture. 1-12.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12150.
LOCKWOOD, J.L.; CASSEY, P.; BLACKBURN, T.M. 2009 The more you introduce the more you get: the role of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Diversity & Distributions, 15(5): 904-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00594.x.
LOCKWOOD, J.L.; HOOPES, M.F.; MARCHETTI, M.P. 2007 Invasion ecology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 312p.
LOWE-MCCONNELL, R.H. 1999 Estudos ecológicos de comunidades de peixes tropicais. São Paulo: EdUSP. 453p.
MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; CASATTI, L.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2011 Alterações no Código Florestal Brasileiro favorecerão espécies não nativas de peixes de água doce. Natureza & Conservação, 9(1): 121-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2011.017.
MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; JACOBI, C.M. 2017 Colorful invasion in permissive Neotropical ecosystems: establishment of ornamental non-native poeciliids of the genera Poecilia/Xiphophorus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) and management alternatives. Neotropical Ichthyology, 15(1): 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160094.
MAGURRAN, A.E. 1988 Ecological diversity and its measurement. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 179p.
MCCUNE, B.; MEFFORD, M.J. 2011 PC-ORD: Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 3.0. Oregon, USA: MjM Software Design. 43p.
OKSANEN, J.F.; BLANCHET, F.G.; KINDT, R.; LEGENDRE, P.; MINCHIN, P.R.; O’HARA, R.B.; SIMPSON, G.L.; SOLYMOS, P.; STEVENS, M.H.H.; WAGNER, H. 2015 Vegan: community ecology package. R
package version 2.3-0. [online] URL: <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf>.
ORSI, M.L.; AGOSTINHO, Â.A. 1999 Introdução de espécies de peixes por escapes acidentais de tanques de cultivo em rios da Bacia do RioParaná, B rasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(2): 557-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000200020.
ORTEGA, J.C.G.; JULIO, H.F.; GOMES, L.C.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2015 Fish farming as the main driver of fish introductions in Neotropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia, 746(1): 147-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2025-z.
OVENDEN, J.R.; MACBETH, G.M.; POPE, L.; THUESEN, P.; STREET, R.; BRODERICK, D. 2014 Translocation between freshwater catchments has facilitated the spread of tilapia in eastern Australia. Biological Invasions, 17(2): 637-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0754-6.
PELICICE, F.M.; AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; VITULE, J.R.S.; ORSI, M.L.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; POMPEU, P.S.; PETRERE JUNIOR, M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2017 Neotropical
freshwater fishes imperilled by unsustainable policies. Fish and Fisheries, 1(1): 1-15.
PELICICE, F.M.; VITULE, J.R.S.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; ORSI, M.L.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2014 A serious new threat to Brazilian freshwater ecosystems: the naturalization of nonnative fish by decree. Conservation Letters, 7(1): 55-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12029.
PERRY, J.; VANDERKLEIN, E. 1996. Water quality: Management of a natural resource. Biddeford: Blackwell Science. 656p.
QUINN, G.P.; KEOUGH, M.J. 2002 Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 537p.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. 2012 R: A language and environment for statistical computing [online]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL: <http://www.R-project.org> REIS, R.E.; ALBERT, J.S.; DI MARIO, F.; MINCARONE, M.M.; PETRY, P.; ROCHA, L.A. 2016 Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 12-47. PMid:27312713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016.
REIS, R.E.; KULLANDER, S.O.; FERRARIS-JUNIOR, C.J. 2003 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EdPUCRS. 729p.
REZENDE, J.R.; RENESTO, E.; ZAWADZKI, C.H. 2009 Genetic variability in three species of Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from Caracu stream of the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(4): 623-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000400010.
RIBEIRO, V.R.; SILVA, P.R.L.; GUBIANI, É.A.; FARIA, L.; DAGA, V.S.;VITULE, J.R.S. 2017 Imminent threat of the predator fish invasion Salminus brasiliensis in a Neotropical ecoregion: eco-vandalism masked as an environmental project. Perspectives in Ecology Conservation,15(1): 132-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2017.03.004.
RICCIARDI, A.; RASMUSSEN, J.B. 1998 Predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders: a priority for aquatic resource management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(7): 1759-1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-066.
ROTTA, M.A. 2004 Aspectos biológicos e reprodutivos para a criação da Tuvira (Gymnotus sp.) em Cativeiro. Corumbá: Embrapa Pantanal. 30p.
SIMBERLOFF, D. 2009 The role of propagule pressure in biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 40(1): 81-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120304.
STRAHLER, A.N. 1957 Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, 38(6): 913-920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913.UEM í Universidade Estadual de Maringá. 2017 Coleção. [online]. URL:<http://www.nupelia.uem.br/colecao>.
VITULE, J.R.S. 2009 Introduction of fishes in Brazilian continental ecosystems: review, comments and suggestions for actions against the almost invisible enemy. Neotropical Biology and Conservation,4(2): 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2009.42.07.
VITULE, J.R.S.; FREIRE, C.A.; SIMBERLOFF, D. 2009 Introduction of non-native freshwater fish can certainly be bad. Fish and Fisheries, 10(1): 98-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00312.x.
VITULE, J.R.S.; FREIRE, C.A.; VAZQUEZ, D.P.; NUí"˜EZ, M.A.; SIMBERLOFF, D. 2012 Revisiting the potential conservation value of non-native species. Conservation Biology, 26(6): 1153-1155.
PMid:23083005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01950.x.
VITULE, J.R.S.; íÅ¡MBRIA, S.C.; ARANHA, J.M.R. 2006 Introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) into Southern Brazil. Biological Invasions, 8(1): 677-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-2535-8.
WEYL, O.L.F.; DAGA, V.S.; ELLENDER, B.R.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 A review of Clarias gariepinus invasions in Brazil and South Africa. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 386-402. PMid:27094809. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12958
ZACARKIM, C.E.; OLIVEIRA, L.C. 2015 Sistemas de informação geográfica na aquicultura: município de Palotina-PR. Curitiba: Ed.PROEC/UFPR. 139p.
ZAR, J.H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. 4ª ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,Inc. 663p.
ZIPPIN, C. 1965 An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12(2): 163-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3001759.
ANDERSON, M.J. 2001 A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26(1): 32-46.
ARTHINGTON, A.H.; BLíÅ“HDORN, D.R.; KENNARD, M. 1994 Food resource partitioning by Oreochromis mossambicus, and two native fishes in a sub-tropical Australian impoundment. In: CHOU, L.M.; MUNRO, A.D.; LAM, T.J.; CHEN, T.W.; CHEONG, L.K.K.; DING, J.K.; HOOI, K.K.; KHOO, H.W.; PHANG, V.P.R.; SHIM, K.F.; TAN, C.H. (Eds.). The third Asian fisheries forum. Manila: Asian Fisheries Society. p. 425-428.
ASSIS, D.A.S.; DIAS-FILHO, V.A.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; BRITO, M.F.G. 017 Establishment of the non-native fish Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) (Characiformes:Serrasalmidae) in lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 52(1): 1-11.
ATTAYDE, J.L.; OKUN, N.; BRASIL, J.; MENEZES, R.F.; MESQUITA, P. 2007 Impactos da introdução da tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, sobre a estrutura trófica dos ecossistemas aquáticos do Bioma Caatinga. Oecologia Brasiliensis, 11(3): 450-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2007.1103.13.
AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; PELICICE, F.M.; LIMA-JUNIOR, D.P.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; ORSI, M.L.; VITULE, J.R.S.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2015 How to avoid fish introductions in Brazil: education and
information as alternatives. Natureza & Conservação, 13(2): 123-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncon.2015.06.002.
AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; RIGOLIN-SÁ, O.; PELICICE, F.M. 2011 Growing, losing or introducing? Cage aquaculture as a vector for the introduction of non-native fish in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(1): 915-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/
S1679-62252011000400024.
BARBIERI, E.; COA, F.; REZENDE, K.F.O. 2016 The exotic species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) occurrence in Cananeia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida lagoon estuary complex. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 42(3): 479-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n1p479.
BAUMGARTNER, G.; PAVANELLI, C.S.; BAUMGARTNER, D.; BIFI, A.G.; DEBONA, T.; FRANA, V. 2012 Peixes do baixo rio Iguaçu.Maringá: Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. 203p.
BLACKBURN, T.M.; LOCKWOOD, J.L.; CASSEY, P. 2015 The influence of numbers on invasion success. Molecular Ecology, 24(9): 1942-1953. PMid:25641210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13075.
BORCARD, D.; GILLET, F.; LEGENDRE, P. 2011 Numerical ecology with R. New York: Springer. 302p.
BRITTON, J.R.; ORSI, M.L. 2012 Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná Basin. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 22(3): 555-565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-012-9254-x.
CANONICO, G.C.; ARTHINGTON, A.; MCCRARY, J.K.; THIEME, M.L. 2005 The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity. Aquatic Conservation, 15(5): 463-483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.699.
CASAL, C.M.V. 2006 Global documentation of fish introductions: the growing crisis and recommendations for action. Biological Invasions, 8(1): 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-0231-3.
CLARKE, K.R. 1993 Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Austral Ecology, 18(1): 117-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.
COA, F.; MEDEIROS, A.M.Z.; BARBIERI, E. 2017 Record of nile tilapia in the Mandira River, Cananéia, São Paulo State. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 43(1): 87-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n1p87.
CONOVER, W.J.; IMAN, R.L. 1981 Rank transformations as a Bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. The American Statistician, 35(3): 124-129.
CRAMPTON, W.G.R.; ALBERT, J.S. 2006 Evolution of electric signal diversity in the gymnotiform fishes. In: LADICH, F.; COLLIN, S.P.; MOLLER, P.; KAPOOR, B. G. (Eds.). Communication in fishes. New York: Science Publishers. p. 641-725.
DAGA, V.S.; DEBONA, T.; ABILHOA, V.; GUBIANI, E.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 Non-native fish invasions of a Neotropical ecoregion with high endemism: a review of the Iguaçu River. Aquatic Invasions, 11(2):209-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.2.10.
DAGA, V.S.; SKORA, F.; PADIAL, A.A.; ABILHOA, V.; GUBIANI, E.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2015 Homogenization dynamics of the fish assemblages in neotropical reservoirs: comparing the roles of introduced species and their vectors. Hydrobiologia, 746(1): 327-347. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1007/s10750-014-2032-0.
DAJOZ, R. 1973 Ecologia geral. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes. 471p.
DEINES, A.M.; WITTMANN, M.E.; DEINES, J.M.; LODGE, D.M. 2016 Tradeoffs among ecosystem services associated with global tilapia introductions. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(2): 178-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2015.1115466.
DIANA, J.S. 2009 Aquaculture production and biodiversity conservation. Bioscience, 59(1): 27-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.7. ESCHEMEYER, W.N.; FONG, J. 2017 Catalog of fishes. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
FORNECK, S.C.; DUTRA, F.M.; ZACARKIM, C.E.; CUNICO, A.M. 2016 Invasions risk by non-native freshwater fishes due to aquaculture activity in neotropical a river. Hydrobiologia, 773(1): 193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2699-5.
FREHSE, F.A.; BRAGA, R.R.; NOCERA, G.A.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 Non-native species and invasion biology in a megadiverse country: scientometric analysis and ecological interactions in Brazil. Biological Invasions,18(12): 3713-3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1260-9.
FROTA, A.; SOUZA, F.; SILVA, P.H. 2014 Análise morfométrica de Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) (Gymnotiformes:Gymnotidae) em diferentes bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Biota Amazônia, 4(4): 27-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n4p27-32.
GHERARDI, F. 2007 Biological invasions in inland waters: an overview. In: GHERARDI, F. (Ed.). Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles, distribution, and threats. 2a ed. New York: Springer. Book Series Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. p. 3-25.
GOZLAN, R.E. 2008 Introduction of non-native freshwater fish: is it all bad? Fish and Fisheries, 9(1): 106-115. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00267.x.
GU, D.E.; MA, G.M.; ZHU, Y.J.; XU, M.; LUO, D.; LI, Y.Y.; WEI, H.; MU, X.D.; LUO, J.R.; HU, Y.C. 2015 The impacts of invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on the fisheries in the main rivers of
Guangdong Province, China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 59(1): 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2015.01.004.
GRAí"¡A, W.J.; PAVANELLI, C.S. 2007 Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. Maringá: Eduem. 241p.
JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F.; TÓS, C.D.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; PAVANELLI, C.S. 2009 A massive invasion of fish species after eliminating a natural barrier in the upper rio Paraná basin. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(1):709-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000400021.
LEGENDRE, P.; LEGENDRE, L. 2012 Numerical ecology. 3rd ed. U.S.A.: Elsevier. v. 24, 1006p.
LEPRIEUR, F.; BEAUCHARD, O.; BLANCHET, S.; OBERDORFF, T.; BROSSE, S. 2008 Fish invasions in the world’s river systems: when natural processes are blurred by human activities. PLoS Biology,
6(2): 404-410. PMid:18254661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060322.
LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; PELICICE, F.M.; VITULE, J.R.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2012 Aquicultura, política e meio ambiente no Brasil: novas propostas e velhos equívocos. Natureza & Conservação, 10(1): 88-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2012.015.
LIMA, L.B.; OLIVEIRA, F.J.; GIACOMINI, H.C.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P. 2016 Expansion of aquaculture parks and the increasing risk of nonnative species invasions in Brazil. Reviews in Aquaculture. 1-12.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12150.
LOCKWOOD, J.L.; CASSEY, P.; BLACKBURN, T.M. 2009 The more you introduce the more you get: the role of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Diversity & Distributions, 15(5): 904-910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00594.x.
LOCKWOOD, J.L.; HOOPES, M.F.; MARCHETTI, M.P. 2007 Invasion ecology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 312p.
LOWE-MCCONNELL, R.H. 1999 Estudos ecológicos de comunidades de peixes tropicais. São Paulo: EdUSP. 453p.
MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; CASATTI, L.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2011 Alterações no Código Florestal Brasileiro favorecerão espécies não nativas de peixes de água doce. Natureza & Conservação, 9(1): 121-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2011.017.
MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; JACOBI, C.M. 2017 Colorful invasion in permissive Neotropical ecosystems: establishment of ornamental non-native poeciliids of the genera Poecilia/Xiphophorus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) and management alternatives. Neotropical Ichthyology, 15(1): 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160094.
MAGURRAN, A.E. 1988 Ecological diversity and its measurement. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 179p.
MCCUNE, B.; MEFFORD, M.J. 2011 PC-ORD: Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 3.0. Oregon, USA: MjM Software Design. 43p.
OKSANEN, J.F.; BLANCHET, F.G.; KINDT, R.; LEGENDRE, P.; MINCHIN, P.R.; O’HARA, R.B.; SIMPSON, G.L.; SOLYMOS, P.; STEVENS, M.H.H.; WAGNER, H. 2015 Vegan: community ecology package. R
package version 2.3-0. [online] URL: <https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf>.
ORSI, M.L.; AGOSTINHO, Â.A. 1999 Introdução de espécies de peixes por escapes acidentais de tanques de cultivo em rios da Bacia do RioParaná, B rasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(2): 557-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000200020.
ORTEGA, J.C.G.; JULIO, H.F.; GOMES, L.C.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2015 Fish farming as the main driver of fish introductions in Neotropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia, 746(1): 147-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2025-z.
OVENDEN, J.R.; MACBETH, G.M.; POPE, L.; THUESEN, P.; STREET, R.; BRODERICK, D. 2014 Translocation between freshwater catchments has facilitated the spread of tilapia in eastern Australia. Biological Invasions, 17(2): 637-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0754-6.
PELICICE, F.M.; AZEVEDO-SANTOS, V.M.; VITULE, J.R.S.; ORSI, M.L.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; MAGALHíES, A.L.B.; POMPEU, P.S.; PETRERE JUNIOR, M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2017 Neotropical
freshwater fishes imperilled by unsustainable policies. Fish and Fisheries, 1(1): 1-15.
PELICICE, F.M.; VITULE, J.R.S.; LIMA JUNIOR, D.P.; ORSI, M.L.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2014 A serious new threat to Brazilian freshwater ecosystems: the naturalization of nonnative fish by decree. Conservation Letters, 7(1): 55-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12029.
PERRY, J.; VANDERKLEIN, E. 1996. Water quality: Management of a natural resource. Biddeford: Blackwell Science. 656p.
QUINN, G.P.; KEOUGH, M.J. 2002 Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 537p.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. 2012 R: A language and environment for statistical computing [online]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL: <http://www.R-project.org> REIS, R.E.; ALBERT, J.S.; DI MARIO, F.; MINCARONE, M.M.; PETRY, P.; ROCHA, L.A. 2016 Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 12-47. PMid:27312713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016.
REIS, R.E.; KULLANDER, S.O.; FERRARIS-JUNIOR, C.J. 2003 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EdPUCRS. 729p.
REZENDE, J.R.; RENESTO, E.; ZAWADZKI, C.H. 2009 Genetic variability in three species of Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from Caracu stream of the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(4): 623-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000400010.
RIBEIRO, V.R.; SILVA, P.R.L.; GUBIANI, É.A.; FARIA, L.; DAGA, V.S.;VITULE, J.R.S. 2017 Imminent threat of the predator fish invasion Salminus brasiliensis in a Neotropical ecoregion: eco-vandalism masked as an environmental project. Perspectives in Ecology Conservation,15(1): 132-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2017.03.004.
RICCIARDI, A.; RASMUSSEN, J.B. 1998 Predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders: a priority for aquatic resource management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55(7): 1759-1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-066.
ROTTA, M.A. 2004 Aspectos biológicos e reprodutivos para a criação da Tuvira (Gymnotus sp.) em Cativeiro. Corumbá: Embrapa Pantanal. 30p.
SIMBERLOFF, D. 2009 The role of propagule pressure in biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 40(1): 81-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120304.
STRAHLER, A.N. 1957 Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, 38(6): 913-920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913.UEM í Universidade Estadual de Maringá. 2017 Coleção. [online]. URL:<http://www.nupelia.uem.br/colecao>.
VITULE, J.R.S. 2009 Introduction of fishes in Brazilian continental ecosystems: review, comments and suggestions for actions against the almost invisible enemy. Neotropical Biology and Conservation,4(2): 111-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/nbc.2009.42.07.
VITULE, J.R.S.; FREIRE, C.A.; SIMBERLOFF, D. 2009 Introduction of non-native freshwater fish can certainly be bad. Fish and Fisheries, 10(1): 98-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00312.x.
VITULE, J.R.S.; FREIRE, C.A.; VAZQUEZ, D.P.; NUí"˜EZ, M.A.; SIMBERLOFF, D. 2012 Revisiting the potential conservation value of non-native species. Conservation Biology, 26(6): 1153-1155.
PMid:23083005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01950.x.
VITULE, J.R.S.; íÅ¡MBRIA, S.C.; ARANHA, J.M.R. 2006 Introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) into Southern Brazil. Biological Invasions, 8(1): 677-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-2535-8.
WEYL, O.L.F.; DAGA, V.S.; ELLENDER, B.R.; VITULE, J.R.S. 2016 A review of Clarias gariepinus invasions in Brazil and South Africa. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1): 386-402. PMid:27094809. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12958
ZACARKIM, C.E.; OLIVEIRA, L.C. 2015 Sistemas de informação geográfica na aquicultura: município de Palotina-PR. Curitiba: Ed.PROEC/UFPR. 139p.
ZAR, J.H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. 4ª ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,Inc. 663p.
ZIPPIN, C. 1965 An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12(2): 163-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3001759.
Downloads
Published
2018-12-19
Issue
Section
Scientific Article
