LENGTHí WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS FOR 34 FISH SPECIES FROM TRíÅ S IRMÃOS RESERVOIR, LOWER TIETíÅ RIVER BASIN, SP - BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.3.458Keywords:
morphometric relationship, scientific fishing, growth, biological, and, ecological characteristics, neotropical reservoiAbstract
The length-weight relationship of fish species is widely used in fisheries monitoring programs and it is an important tool for proposing stock management measures. The objective of this study was to estimate the growth parameters of 34 species belonging to the fish community captured by experimental fishery in the Três Irmãos reservoir, Tietê river. The biological and ecological characteristics of these species are also presented in order to understand the profile of the present fish community. The fish were collected during ten experimental fishing seasons between October/2015 and February/2018, with quarterly frequency using four types of fishing gear. All fish captured were identified and the total length - TL (cm), standard length - SL (cm) and total weight - TW (g) were measured. The length-weight relationship was established using the linear regression TW vs SL (log-transformed): log (TW) = log (a) + b log (SL), where a is the regression curve intercept (coefficient related to body shape) and b is the coefficient of regression (exponent indicating the type of growth). A total of 7,319 individuals was identified, comprising five orders: Characiformes (7 Families), Siluriformes (5 Families), Perciformes (1 Family), Cichliformes (1 Family) and Cyprinodontiformes (1 Family). The most abundant species were Plagioscion squamosissimus (N=1,513), Geophagus sveni (N=1,160), Serrasalmus maculatus (N=1,049) and Metynnis maculatus (pacu-CD) (N=974), all of them being target species for professional artisanal fishing, with the exception of pacu-CD, which is discarded since it has no commercial interest. From the whole set of analyzes 15 species (44.1%) have positive allometric growth type (3.15â"°¤ b â"°¤3.59), 14 (41.2%) isometric (2.98â"°¤ b â"°¤ 3.08), and 5 (14.7%) negative allometric growth (2.7 â"°¤ b â"°¤ 2.90). Among the species studied nine reached a maximum length above that of the FishBase: Cichla piquiti (TL= 55.4 cm), Crenicichla haroldoi (SL= 21.5 cm), C. jaguarensis (SL= 23.5 cm), Cyphocharax nagelii (TL= 22.9 cm), Hypostomus ancistroides (TL= 28.5 cm), Metynnis maculatus (TL= 19.5 cm), Piaractus mesopotamicus (SL= 60.0 cm), Roeboides descalvadensis (SL= 11.3 cm) and Schizodon borellii (TL= 40.0 cm).
References
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Agostinho, A.A.; Pelicice, F.M.; Gomes, L.C. 2008. Dams and the fish fauna of the neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4): 1119-1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019
Angelini, R.; Agostinho, A.A. 2005. Parameter Estimates for Fishes of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain and Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil). Naga,WorldFish Center Newsletter, 28(1-2): 53-57.
Azevedo-Santos, V.M.; Coelho, P.N.; Brambilla, E.M.; Lima, F.P.; Nobile, A.B.; Britton, J.R. 2017. Length-weight relationships of four fish species from the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 34(1): 237í 239. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13542
Bagenal, T.B.; Tesch, F.W. 1978. Age and growth. In: Bagenal, T.B. (Ed). Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater. 3ª ed. p. 101í 136.
Barbieri, G.; Vermulm Jr., H.; Giamas, M.T.D.; Teixeira Filho, A.R.; Campos, E.C. 2000. Biologia populacional da Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, da represa de Guarapiranga, São Paulo - I. Estrutura da população, idade e
crescimento. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 26(1): 1-7.
Bayley, P.B. 1981. Fish yield from the Amazon in Brazil: Comparison with African River yields and management possibilities. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 110: 351í 359. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110<351:FYFTAI>2.0.CO;2.
Benedito-Cecílio, E.; Agostinho, A.A.; Carnelós-Machado, V.R.C. 1997. Length-weight relationship of fishes caught in the Itaipu Reservoir,Paraná, Brazil. Naga, WorldFish Center Newsletter, 20(3-4): 57-61.
Beverton, R.J.H.; Holt, S.J. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Fisheries Investigations. 541p.
Birindelli, J.L.O. and Sabaj Pérez, M.H. 2011. Ossancora, a new genus of thorny catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Doradidae) with description of one new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 161: 117-152.
Braga, F.M.S. 1997. Análise da equação alométrica na relação peso e comprimento e o fator de condição em Plagioscion squamosissimus (Teleostei, Sciaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 57(3): 417-425.
Brazão, M.L.; Castro, P.M.G.; Silva, M.H.C. 2017. Contribuição ao estudo de Metynnis maculatus (Pacu-CD) no reservatório de Três Irmãos, baixo Tietê: estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos. In:XII Reunião Científica do Instituto de Pesca, 1 (1), São Paulo, 5-7Apr./2017. Available in: <http://www.pesca.sp.gov.br/12recip/
resumos.htm>. Access in: 10 dec. 2018.
Bristski, H.A.; Sato, S.; Rosa, A.B.S. 1986. Manual de identificação de peixes da região de Três Marias: com chave de identificação para peixes do Rio São Francisco. 2ª ed. Brasília: CODEVASF, 115p.
Bristski, H.A.; Silimon, K.Z. de S. de; Lopes, B.S. 1999. Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificação. Brasília: Embrapa-SPI. 184p.
Buckup, P.A.; Menezes, N.A.; Ghazzi, M.S. 2007. Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil. 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional. 195p.
Castro, P.M.G.; Silva, M.H.C.; Maruyama, L.S.; Matsumoto, A.A.; Menezes,L.C.B.; Brazão, M.L.; Basilio, L.M. 2018. Utilização de ferramentas participativas desenvolvidas em comunidade pesqueira rural no sudeste do Brasil. Atas - Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais.3: 464-469. Available in: <https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/
ciaiq2018/article/view/1758/1711> and <https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/ciaiq2018/issue/view/26> Access in: 14 oct. 2018.
CESP - Companhia Energética de São Paulo, 1998. Conservação e manejo nos reservatórios: Limnologia, ictiologia e pesca. São Paulo: Série Divulgação e Informação, 220. 166p.
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weightí length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22: 241í 53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439- 0426.2006.00805.x.
Froese, R.; Pauly, D. 2017. Fish Base. World Wide Web Electronic Publication.Available in: <www.fishbase.org> Access in: 16 out. 2018.
Graça, W.J. da; Pavanelli, C.S. 2007. Peixes da planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. 22ª ed. Maringá: Universidade Estadual de Maringá (EDUEM). 241p.
Gubiani, E.A.; Gomes, L.C.; Agostinho, A.A. 2009. Lengthí length and lengthí weight relationships for 48 fish species from reservoirs of the Paraná State, Brazil. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management,14: 289í 299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2009.00411.x.
Gulland, J.A. 1969. Manual of Methods for Fish Stock Assessment. Rome: Part 1 - Fish Population Analysis. FAO Manuals in Fisheries Science 4. 154p.
Holzbach, A.J.; Baumgartner, G.; Bergmann, F.; Rezende Neto, L.B.; Boumgartner, D.; Sanches, P.V.; Gubiani, E.A. 2005. Caracterização populacional de Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-íÂepez, 1948) (Characiformes, Curimatidae) no rio Piquiri. Acta Scientiarum.Biological Sciences, 27(4): 347-353.
King, M. 1995. Fisheries biology: assessment and management. England:Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford. 341p.
Langeani, F.; Castro, R.M.C.; Oyakawa, O.T.; Shibatta, O.A.; Pavanelli,C.S.; Casatti, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do Alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, 7(3): 181-197.
Langeani, F.; Rêgo, A.C.L. 2014. Guia ilustrado dos peixes da bacia do rio Araguari. Uberlí¢ndia: Grupo de Mídia Brasil Central (GMBC). 195p.
Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The lengthí weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and conditions in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2): 201-219.
Lucena, C.A.S. de; Soares, H.G. 2016. Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot†subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 4072(1): 101í 125. Available in: <https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4072.1.5>. Access in: 17 jan.2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5.
Luiz, T.F.; Velludo, M.R.; Peret, A.C.; Rodrigues Filho, J.L.; Peret, A.M.2011. Diet, reproduction and population structure of the introduced Amazonian fish Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir (Paranaíba River, central Brazil). Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(2): 727í 741.
Marques, H.; Nobile, A.B.; Dias, J.H.P.; Ramos, I.P. 2016. Length-weight and length-length relationships for 23 fish species of Porto Primavera reservoir, Upper Paraná. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32: 1342-1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13197
Narahara, M.Y.; Godinho, H.M.; Romagosa, E. 1985. Estrutura da população de Rhamdia hilarii (Valenciennes, 1840) (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes,Pimelodidae). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 12(3): 123-137.
Oliva-Paterna, F.J.; Torralva, M; Carvalho, E.D. 2009. Lengthí weight relationships for 20 species collected in the Jurumirim reservoir (Paranapanema Basin, Brazil). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25:360-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01194.x.
Ota, R.R.; Deprá, G.C.; Graça, W.J.; Pavanelli, C.S., 2018. Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology, 16(2): e170094, 2018.
Pauly, D. 1984. Fish Population Dynamics in Tropical Waters: A Manual for Use with Programmable Calculators. Manila: ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8. 325p.
Petrakis, G.; Stergiou, K.I. 1995. Weight length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters. Fisheries Research, 21: 465í 469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)00294-7.
Ricker, W.E. 1958. Handbook of computations for biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 119: 31.
SMA-SP, 2018. Decreto nº. 63.853, de 27 de novembro de 2018. Declara as espécies da fauna silvestre no Estado de São Paulo regionalmente extintas, as ameaçadas de extinção, as quase ameaçadas e as com dados insuficientes para avaliação, e dá providências correlatas. Diário Oficial do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, 28 de novembro de 2018, v. 128, nº. 220, p. 1-1.
Suzuki, H.I.; Vazzoler, A.E.A.M.; Marques, E.E.; Lizama, M.A.P. 2004. Reproductive Ecology of the Fish Assemblage. In: Thomaz, S.M.; Agostinho, A.A.; Hahn, N.S. (Org.). The Upper Paraná River and its Floodplain: physical aspets, ecology and conservation. 1ª ed. The Netherlands: Bachuys Publishers. p. 1-17.
Vaz-dos-Santos, A.M.; Gris, B. 2016. Lenght-weight relationship of the ichthyofauna from a cosastal subtropical system: a tool for biomass estimates and ecosystem modelling. Biota Neotropica, 16(3): 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2016-0192
Vazzoler, A.E.A. de M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos:teoria e prática. Maringá: EDUEM. 169p.
Vazzoler, A.E.A. de M.; Agostinho, A.A.; Hahn, N.S. 1997. A planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos físicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos. Maringá: EDUEM. 460p.
Zar, J.H. 1984. Bioestatistical Analysis. 2ª ed. Englewood Cliffs: A Simon & Schuster Company. 718p.
Agostinho, A.A.; Pelicice, F.M.; Gomes, L.C. 2008. Dams and the fish fauna of the neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4): 1119-1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019
Angelini, R.; Agostinho, A.A. 2005. Parameter Estimates for Fishes of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain and Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil). Naga,WorldFish Center Newsletter, 28(1-2): 53-57.
Azevedo-Santos, V.M.; Coelho, P.N.; Brambilla, E.M.; Lima, F.P.; Nobile, A.B.; Britton, J.R. 2017. Length-weight relationships of four fish species from the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 34(1): 237í 239. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13542
Bagenal, T.B.; Tesch, F.W. 1978. Age and growth. In: Bagenal, T.B. (Ed). Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater. 3ª ed. p. 101í 136.
Barbieri, G.; Vermulm Jr., H.; Giamas, M.T.D.; Teixeira Filho, A.R.; Campos, E.C. 2000. Biologia populacional da Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, da represa de Guarapiranga, São Paulo - I. Estrutura da população, idade e
crescimento. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 26(1): 1-7.
Bayley, P.B. 1981. Fish yield from the Amazon in Brazil: Comparison with African River yields and management possibilities. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 110: 351í 359. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)110<351:FYFTAI>2.0.CO;2.
Benedito-Cecílio, E.; Agostinho, A.A.; Carnelós-Machado, V.R.C. 1997. Length-weight relationship of fishes caught in the Itaipu Reservoir,Paraná, Brazil. Naga, WorldFish Center Newsletter, 20(3-4): 57-61.
Beverton, R.J.H.; Holt, S.J. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Fisheries Investigations. 541p.
Birindelli, J.L.O. and Sabaj Pérez, M.H. 2011. Ossancora, a new genus of thorny catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Doradidae) with description of one new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 161: 117-152.
Braga, F.M.S. 1997. Análise da equação alométrica na relação peso e comprimento e o fator de condição em Plagioscion squamosissimus (Teleostei, Sciaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 57(3): 417-425.
Brazão, M.L.; Castro, P.M.G.; Silva, M.H.C. 2017. Contribuição ao estudo de Metynnis maculatus (Pacu-CD) no reservatório de Três Irmãos, baixo Tietê: estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos. In:XII Reunião Científica do Instituto de Pesca, 1 (1), São Paulo, 5-7Apr./2017. Available in: <http://www.pesca.sp.gov.br/12recip/
resumos.htm>. Access in: 10 dec. 2018.
Bristski, H.A.; Sato, S.; Rosa, A.B.S. 1986. Manual de identificação de peixes da região de Três Marias: com chave de identificação para peixes do Rio São Francisco. 2ª ed. Brasília: CODEVASF, 115p.
Bristski, H.A.; Silimon, K.Z. de S. de; Lopes, B.S. 1999. Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificação. Brasília: Embrapa-SPI. 184p.
Buckup, P.A.; Menezes, N.A.; Ghazzi, M.S. 2007. Catálogo das espécies de peixes de água doce do Brasil. 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional. 195p.
Castro, P.M.G.; Silva, M.H.C.; Maruyama, L.S.; Matsumoto, A.A.; Menezes,L.C.B.; Brazão, M.L.; Basilio, L.M. 2018. Utilização de ferramentas participativas desenvolvidas em comunidade pesqueira rural no sudeste do Brasil. Atas - Investigação Qualitativa em Ciências Sociais.3: 464-469. Available in: <https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/
ciaiq2018/article/view/1758/1711> and <https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/ciaiq2018/issue/view/26> Access in: 14 oct. 2018.
CESP - Companhia Energética de São Paulo, 1998. Conservação e manejo nos reservatórios: Limnologia, ictiologia e pesca. São Paulo: Série Divulgação e Informação, 220. 166p.
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weightí length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22: 241í 53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439- 0426.2006.00805.x.
Froese, R.; Pauly, D. 2017. Fish Base. World Wide Web Electronic Publication.Available in: <www.fishbase.org> Access in: 16 out. 2018.
Graça, W.J. da; Pavanelli, C.S. 2007. Peixes da planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes. 22ª ed. Maringá: Universidade Estadual de Maringá (EDUEM). 241p.
Gubiani, E.A.; Gomes, L.C.; Agostinho, A.A. 2009. Lengthí length and lengthí weight relationships for 48 fish species from reservoirs of the Paraná State, Brazil. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management,14: 289í 299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2009.00411.x.
Gulland, J.A. 1969. Manual of Methods for Fish Stock Assessment. Rome: Part 1 - Fish Population Analysis. FAO Manuals in Fisheries Science 4. 154p.
Holzbach, A.J.; Baumgartner, G.; Bergmann, F.; Rezende Neto, L.B.; Boumgartner, D.; Sanches, P.V.; Gubiani, E.A. 2005. Caracterização populacional de Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-íÂepez, 1948) (Characiformes, Curimatidae) no rio Piquiri. Acta Scientiarum.Biological Sciences, 27(4): 347-353.
King, M. 1995. Fisheries biology: assessment and management. England:Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford. 341p.
Langeani, F.; Castro, R.M.C.; Oyakawa, O.T.; Shibatta, O.A.; Pavanelli,C.S.; Casatti, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do Alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, 7(3): 181-197.
Langeani, F.; Rêgo, A.C.L. 2014. Guia ilustrado dos peixes da bacia do rio Araguari. Uberlí¢ndia: Grupo de Mídia Brasil Central (GMBC). 195p.
Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The lengthí weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and conditions in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2): 201-219.
Lucena, C.A.S. de; Soares, H.G. 2016. Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot†subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 4072(1): 101í 125. Available in: <https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4072.1.5>. Access in: 17 jan.2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5.
Luiz, T.F.; Velludo, M.R.; Peret, A.C.; Rodrigues Filho, J.L.; Peret, A.M.2011. Diet, reproduction and population structure of the introduced Amazonian fish Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir (Paranaíba River, central Brazil). Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(2): 727í 741.
Marques, H.; Nobile, A.B.; Dias, J.H.P.; Ramos, I.P. 2016. Length-weight and length-length relationships for 23 fish species of Porto Primavera reservoir, Upper Paraná. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32: 1342-1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13197
Narahara, M.Y.; Godinho, H.M.; Romagosa, E. 1985. Estrutura da população de Rhamdia hilarii (Valenciennes, 1840) (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes,Pimelodidae). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 12(3): 123-137.
Oliva-Paterna, F.J.; Torralva, M; Carvalho, E.D. 2009. Lengthí weight relationships for 20 species collected in the Jurumirim reservoir (Paranapanema Basin, Brazil). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25:360-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01194.x.
Ota, R.R.; Deprá, G.C.; Graça, W.J.; Pavanelli, C.S., 2018. Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology, 16(2): e170094, 2018.
Pauly, D. 1984. Fish Population Dynamics in Tropical Waters: A Manual for Use with Programmable Calculators. Manila: ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8. 325p.
Petrakis, G.; Stergiou, K.I. 1995. Weight length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters. Fisheries Research, 21: 465í 469. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)00294-7.
Ricker, W.E. 1958. Handbook of computations for biological statistics of fish populations. Bulletin, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 119: 31.
SMA-SP, 2018. Decreto nº. 63.853, de 27 de novembro de 2018. Declara as espécies da fauna silvestre no Estado de São Paulo regionalmente extintas, as ameaçadas de extinção, as quase ameaçadas e as com dados insuficientes para avaliação, e dá providências correlatas. Diário Oficial do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, 28 de novembro de 2018, v. 128, nº. 220, p. 1-1.
Suzuki, H.I.; Vazzoler, A.E.A.M.; Marques, E.E.; Lizama, M.A.P. 2004. Reproductive Ecology of the Fish Assemblage. In: Thomaz, S.M.; Agostinho, A.A.; Hahn, N.S. (Org.). The Upper Paraná River and its Floodplain: physical aspets, ecology and conservation. 1ª ed. The Netherlands: Bachuys Publishers. p. 1-17.
Vaz-dos-Santos, A.M.; Gris, B. 2016. Lenght-weight relationship of the ichthyofauna from a cosastal subtropical system: a tool for biomass estimates and ecosystem modelling. Biota Neotropica, 16(3): 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2016-0192
Vazzoler, A.E.A. de M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos:teoria e prática. Maringá: EDUEM. 169p.
Vazzoler, A.E.A. de M.; Agostinho, A.A.; Hahn, N.S. 1997. A planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos físicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos. Maringá: EDUEM. 460p.
Zar, J.H. 1984. Bioestatistical Analysis. 2ª ed. Englewood Cliffs: A Simon & Schuster Company. 718p.
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2019-09-02
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