SHELTERS INFLUENCE IN DUSKY GROUPER CULTURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.3.473Keywords:
environmental enrichment, Epinephelus marginatus, zootechnical performance, mariculture, aquacultureAbstract
Environmental enrichment can be an important tool to improve the productive performance of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). The goal of this study was to evaluate the preference for shelters and the effect of the availability of shelters on the productive performance of dusky groupers juveniles in salt water recirculation system. Two trials were conducted, the first one to determine the preference for different types of shelters (rocks, bricks and PVC pipes of different colors) and the second one on the use of shelters, with three treatments (T1 = without shelter; T2 = one shelter per fish and T3 = two shelters per fish). The dusky grouper showed preference for shelters of PVC tubes of brown color. The use of shelters favored better productive performance of the species in salt water recirculation systems.
References
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Benhaí¯m, D.; Leblanc, C. A.; Lucas, G. 2009. Impact of a new artificial shelter on Arctic charr (Salvelinus salpinus, L.) behaviour and culture performance during the endogenous feeding period. Aquaculture,295(1): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.024
Cunha, M.E.; Re, P.; Quental-Ferreira, H.; Gavaia, P.J.; Pousão Ferreira, P.2013. Larval and juvenile development of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus reared in mesocosms. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(4): 448í 465. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12180
Eissa, N.; Wang, H. 2016. Transcriptional stress responses to environmental and husbandry stressors in aquaculture species. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1): 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12081
Finstad, A. G.; Einum, S.; Forseth, T.; Ugedal, O. 2007. Shelter availability affects behaviour, size-dependent and mean growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Freshwater Biology, 52(9): 1710-1718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01799.x
Galhardo, L.; Oliveira, R. 2006. Bem-estar animal: um conceito legítimo para peixes? Revista de Etologia, 8(1): 51-61.
Gwak, W.S. 2003. Effects of shelter on growth and survival in ageâ€Â0 black sea bass, Centropristis striata (L.). Aquaculture Research, 34(15): 1387-1390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00956.x
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Kerber, C.E.; Sanches, E.G.; Santiago, M.; Luque, J.L. 2011. First record of Neobenedenia melleni (Monogenea: Capsalidae) in sea-farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 20(4): 331-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612011000400013
Kerber, C.E.; Azevedo Silva, H.K.; Santos, P.A.; Sanches, E.G. 2012. Reproduction and larviculture of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in Brazil. Journal of Agricultural and Science Technology, 2: 229-234.
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Machado, L.F.; Andrade, A.B.; Hostimí Silva, M.; Barreiros, J.P. 2003. Habitat use by the juvenile dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus and relative abundance, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 6(4): 133-138.
Martins, C.I.; Galhardo, L.; Noble, C.; Damsgí¥rd, B.; Spedicato, M.T.; Zupa,W.; Beauchaud, M.; Kulczykowska, E.; Massabuau, J.; Carter, T.; Planellas, S.R.; Kristiansen, T. 2012. Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1): 17-41.
Ní¤slund, J.; Johnsson, J.I. 2016. Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments: effects of physical structures and substrates. Fish and Fisheries, 17(1): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12088
Ramos, F.M.; Sanches, E.G.; Fujimoto, R.; Cottens, K.F.; Cerqueira, V.R.2012. Crescimento de juvenis da garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus submetidos a diferentes dietas. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38(1): 81-88.
Ramos, F.M.; Recuero, L.B.; Silva, T.V.N.; Fujimoto, R.Y.; Lee, J.T.; Torres, M.F. 2013. Shelter selection in the Amazonian zebra pleco, Hypancistrus zebra Isbrucker & Nijissen, 1991 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): requirements in rearing conditions. Journal of Applyed Ichthyology, 29(3): 927-929. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12176
Roberts, L.J.; Taylor, J.; De Leaniz, C. 2011. Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation. Biological Conservation, 144(7): 1972-1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017
Roumbedakis, K.; Marchiori, N.C.; Paseto, Á.; Gonçalves, E.L.T.; Luque, J.L.; Cepeda, P.B.; Sanches, E.G.; Martins, M.L. 2013. Parasite fauna of wild and cultured dusky-grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) from Ubatuba, Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 73(4): 871-878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-
69842013000400025
Salvanes, A.G.V.; Braithwaite, V.A. 2005. Exposure to variable spatial information in the early rearing environment generates asymmetries in social interactions in cod (Gadus morhua). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59(2): 250-259.
Salvanes, A.G.V.; Moberg, O.; Ebbesson, L.O.; Nilsen, T.O.; Jensen, K.H.; Braithwaite, V.A. 2013. Environmental enrichment promotes neural plasticity and cognitive ability in fish. Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 280(1767): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1331
Sanches, E.G.; Oliveira, I.R.; Serralheiro, P.C. 2009. Crioconservação do sêmen da garoupa-verdadera Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei, Serranidae). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(3): 389-399.Sanches, E.G.; Oliveira, I.R.; Serralheiro, P.C.S.; Cerqueira, V.R. 2013.Cryopreservation of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) sperm. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 85(3): 1083-1091. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013005000047
Sanches, E.G.; Silva, F.C.; Leite, J.R.; Silva, P.K.A.; Kerber, C.E.; Santos, P.A. 2014. A incorporação de óleo de peixe na dieta pode melhorar o desempenho da garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus? Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(2): 147-155.
Souza, R.S.R.; Annunciacão, W.F.; Lins, S.M.; Sanches, E.G; Martins,M.L.; Tsuzuki, M.Y. 2014. Can barber goby Elacatinus figaro control Neobenedenia melleni infections on dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus? Aquaculture Research, 45(4) 619í 628. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12002
Strand, D.A.; Utne-Palm, A.C.; Jakobsen, P.J.; Braithwaite, V.A.; Jensen, K. H.; Salvanes, A.G. 2010. Enrichment promotes learning in fish.Marine Ecology Progress Series, 412(2): 273-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08682
Teng, S.K.; Chua, T.E. 1979. Use of artificial hides to increase the stocking density and production of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, reared in floating net cages. Aquaculture, 16(2): 219-232.https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(79)90110-8
Volpato, G.L.; Gonçalves-de-Freitas, E.; Fernandes-de-Castilho, M. 2007. Insights into the concept of fish welfare. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75(2): 165-171. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075165
Wocher, H.; Harsanyi, A.; Schwarz F.J. 2011. Husbandry conditions in burbot (Lota lota L.): Impact of shelter availability and stocking density on growth and behavior. Aquaculture, 315(3): 340-347.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.051.
Barreto, R. E.; Carvalho, G.; Arantes, G.; Volpato, G. L. 2011. The aggressive behavior of Nile tilapia introduced into novel environments with variation in enrichment. Zoology, 114(1): 53-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2010.09.001
Benhaí¯m, D.; Leblanc, C. A.; Lucas, G. 2009. Impact of a new artificial shelter on Arctic charr (Salvelinus salpinus, L.) behaviour and culture performance during the endogenous feeding period. Aquaculture,295(1): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.024
Cunha, M.E.; Re, P.; Quental-Ferreira, H.; Gavaia, P.J.; Pousão Ferreira, P.2013. Larval and juvenile development of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus reared in mesocosms. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(4): 448í 465. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12180
Eissa, N.; Wang, H. 2016. Transcriptional stress responses to environmental and husbandry stressors in aquaculture species. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1): 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12081
Finstad, A. G.; Einum, S.; Forseth, T.; Ugedal, O. 2007. Shelter availability affects behaviour, size-dependent and mean growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Freshwater Biology, 52(9): 1710-1718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01799.x
Galhardo, L.; Oliveira, R. 2006. Bem-estar animal: um conceito legítimo para peixes? Revista de Etologia, 8(1): 51-61.
Gwak, W.S. 2003. Effects of shelter on growth and survival in ageâ€Â0 black sea bass, Centropristis striata (L.). Aquaculture Research, 34(15): 1387-1390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00956.x
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.iucnredlist.org>. Acessado em: 10 mai. 2018.
Kerber, C.E.; Sanches, E.G.; Santiago, M.; Luque, J.L. 2011. First record of Neobenedenia melleni (Monogenea: Capsalidae) in sea-farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 20(4): 331-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612011000400013
Kerber, C.E.; Azevedo Silva, H.K.; Santos, P.A.; Sanches, E.G. 2012. Reproduction and larviculture of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) in Brazil. Journal of Agricultural and Science Technology, 2: 229-234.
Kristiansen, T.S.; Ferní¶, A.; Holm, J.C.; Privitera, L.; Bakke, S.; Fosseidengen, J.E. 2004. Swimming behaviour as an indicator of low growth rate and imopaired welfare in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) reared at three stocking densities. Aquaculture, 230(2): 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00436-8
Lupatsch, I.; Santos, G.A.; Shcrama, J.W.; Verreth, J.A.J. 2010. Effect of stocking density and feeding level on energy expenditure and stress responsiveness in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 298(4): 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.11.007
Machado, L.F.; Andrade, A.B.; Hostimí Silva, M.; Barreiros, J.P. 2003. Habitat use by the juvenile dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus and relative abundance, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 6(4): 133-138.
Martins, C.I.; Galhardo, L.; Noble, C.; Damsgí¥rd, B.; Spedicato, M.T.; Zupa,W.; Beauchaud, M.; Kulczykowska, E.; Massabuau, J.; Carter, T.; Planellas, S.R.; Kristiansen, T. 2012. Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1): 17-41.
Ní¤slund, J.; Johnsson, J.I. 2016. Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments: effects of physical structures and substrates. Fish and Fisheries, 17(1): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12088
Ramos, F.M.; Sanches, E.G.; Fujimoto, R.; Cottens, K.F.; Cerqueira, V.R.2012. Crescimento de juvenis da garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus submetidos a diferentes dietas. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38(1): 81-88.
Ramos, F.M.; Recuero, L.B.; Silva, T.V.N.; Fujimoto, R.Y.; Lee, J.T.; Torres, M.F. 2013. Shelter selection in the Amazonian zebra pleco, Hypancistrus zebra Isbrucker & Nijissen, 1991 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): requirements in rearing conditions. Journal of Applyed Ichthyology, 29(3): 927-929. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12176
Roberts, L.J.; Taylor, J.; De Leaniz, C. 2011. Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation. Biological Conservation, 144(7): 1972-1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017
Roumbedakis, K.; Marchiori, N.C.; Paseto, Á.; Gonçalves, E.L.T.; Luque, J.L.; Cepeda, P.B.; Sanches, E.G.; Martins, M.L. 2013. Parasite fauna of wild and cultured dusky-grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) from Ubatuba, Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 73(4): 871-878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-
69842013000400025
Salvanes, A.G.V.; Braithwaite, V.A. 2005. Exposure to variable spatial information in the early rearing environment generates asymmetries in social interactions in cod (Gadus morhua). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59(2): 250-259.
Salvanes, A.G.V.; Moberg, O.; Ebbesson, L.O.; Nilsen, T.O.; Jensen, K.H.; Braithwaite, V.A. 2013. Environmental enrichment promotes neural plasticity and cognitive ability in fish. Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 280(1767): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1331
Sanches, E.G.; Oliveira, I.R.; Serralheiro, P.C. 2009. Crioconservação do sêmen da garoupa-verdadera Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei, Serranidae). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(3): 389-399.Sanches, E.G.; Oliveira, I.R.; Serralheiro, P.C.S.; Cerqueira, V.R. 2013.Cryopreservation of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) sperm. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 85(3): 1083-1091. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013005000047
Sanches, E.G.; Silva, F.C.; Leite, J.R.; Silva, P.K.A.; Kerber, C.E.; Santos, P.A. 2014. A incorporação de óleo de peixe na dieta pode melhorar o desempenho da garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus? Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(2): 147-155.
Souza, R.S.R.; Annunciacão, W.F.; Lins, S.M.; Sanches, E.G; Martins,M.L.; Tsuzuki, M.Y. 2014. Can barber goby Elacatinus figaro control Neobenedenia melleni infections on dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus? Aquaculture Research, 45(4) 619í 628. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12002
Strand, D.A.; Utne-Palm, A.C.; Jakobsen, P.J.; Braithwaite, V.A.; Jensen, K. H.; Salvanes, A.G. 2010. Enrichment promotes learning in fish.Marine Ecology Progress Series, 412(2): 273-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08682
Teng, S.K.; Chua, T.E. 1979. Use of artificial hides to increase the stocking density and production of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmoides Maxwell, reared in floating net cages. Aquaculture, 16(2): 219-232.https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(79)90110-8
Volpato, G.L.; Gonçalves-de-Freitas, E.; Fernandes-de-Castilho, M. 2007. Insights into the concept of fish welfare. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75(2): 165-171. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao075165
Wocher, H.; Harsanyi, A.; Schwarz F.J. 2011. Husbandry conditions in burbot (Lota lota L.): Impact of shelter availability and stocking density on growth and behavior. Aquaculture, 315(3): 340-347.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.051.
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2019-09-02
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