ANESTHETIC EFFICACY OF CLOVE OIL AND 2-PHENOXYETHANOL ON DOCTOR FISH, <i>Garra rufa</i> (HECKEL, 1843)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.4.506Keywords:
anesthetic agent, anesthesia, induction time, recovery time, essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllusAbstract
This study aimed to determine the anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on doctor fish (Garra rufa) at two different water temperatures. Experimental fish (1.2 ± 0.2 g mean weight) were subjected to 25, 50, 75 and 100 μL L-1 clove oil and 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μL L-1 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations at water temperature of 15 and 25 °C, and the induction and recovery times were investigated. Results showed that induction and recovery times in doctor fish were significantly affected by clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations as well as water temperature. The interaction of anesthetic concentration and water temperature on all induction stage time was significant in clove oil. Between the anesthetic concentration and temperature interaction was significant for recovery times in both anesthetic agents. The induction time decreased significantly with increasing concentration of both anesthetic agents at water temperature of 15 and 25 °C. The lowest effective concentrations that produced induction within 3 min and recovery within 5 min were 50-75 μL L-1 of clove oil and 300 μL L-1 of 2-phenoxyethanol in both 15 and 25 °C respectively. The results also indicated that clove oil was effective at 4-fold lower concentrations
than 2-phenoxyethanol, but the recovery time was longer than 2-phenoxyethanol. These results suggest that clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol were effective anesthetics and could be used as anesthetic agents in doctor fish.
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Ghanawi, J.; Monzer, S.; Saoud, I.P. 2013. Anaesthetic efficacy of clove oil, benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol and tricaine methanesulfonate in juvenile marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus). Aquaculture Research, 44(3): 359-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03039.x.
Gí¶kçek, K.; í–ÄŸretmen, F.; Kanyilmaz, M. 2016. Efficacy of clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and benzocaine on European catfish, Silurus glanis linnaeus 1758. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16: 129-133.
Hamackova, J.; Lepicova, A.; Kozak, P.; Stupka, Z.; Kouril, J.; Lepic, P. 2004. The efficacy of various anaesthetics in tench (Tinca tinca L.) related to water temperature. Veterinarni Medicina, 49(12): 467-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5741-VETMED.
HekimoÄŸlu, M.A.; Süzer, C.; Saka, Åž.; KürÅŸat, F. 2017. Sedative effect of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on marine clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and freshwater swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49(6): 2209-2216.
Hoskonen, P.; Pirhonen, J. 2004. Temperature effects on anaesthesia with clove oil in six temperate-zone fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 64(4): 1136-1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00359.x.
Javahery, S.; Nekoubin, H.; Moradlu, A.H. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil in fish [review]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(6): 1545-1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9682-5. PMid:22752268.
Keene, J.L.; Noakes, D.L.G.; Moccia, R.D.; Soto, C.G. 1998. The efficacy of clove as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 29(2): 89-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1998.tb01113.x.
Kizak, V.; Can, E.; DanabaÅŸ, D.; Can, Åž.S. 2018. Evaluation of anesthetic potential of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) oil as a new anesthetic agent for goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 493: 296-301.
Li, Y.; Liang, S.; She, Q.; Han, Z.; Li, Y.; Li, X. 2018. Influence of temperature and size on menthol anaesthesia in chinese grass shrimp Palaemonetes sinensis (Sollaud, 1911). Aquaculture Research, 49: 2091-2098.
Limma-Netto, J.D.; Sena, A.C.; Copatti, C.E. 2016. Essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon flexuosus in the sedation, anesthesia and recovery of tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus male x Colossoma macropomum female). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 42(3): 727-733. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p727.
Marking, L.L.; Meyer, F.P. 1985. Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries? Fisheries (Bethesda, Md.), 10(6): 2-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1985)010<0002:ABANIF>2.0.CO;2.
Metin, S.; Didinen, B.I.; Kubilay, A.; Pala, M.; Aker, Ä°. 2015. Determination of anesthetic effects of some medicinal plants on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). LIMNOFISH Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 1(1): 37-42.
Mirghaed, T.A.; Ghelichpour, M.; Hoseini, S.M. 2016. Myrcene and linalool as new anesthetic and sedative agents in common carp, Cyprinus carpio - Comparison with eugenol. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 464: 165-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.06.028.
Mitjana, O.; Bonastre, C.; Insua, D.; Falceto, M.V.; Esteban, J.; Josa, A.; Espinosa, E. 2014. The efficacy and effect of repeated exposure to 2-phenoxyethanol, clove oil and tricaine methanesulphonate as anesthetic agents on juvenile Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 433: 491-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.07.013.
Mitjana, O.; Bonastre, C.; Tejedor, M.T.; Garza, L.; Esteban, J.; Falceto, M.V. 2018. Simultaneous effect of sex and dose on efficacy of clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate, 2-phenoxyethanol and propofol as anaesthetics in guppies, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Aquaculture Research, 49(6): 2140-2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.13668.
Mylonas, C.C.; Cardinaletti, G.; Sigelaki, I.; Polzonetti-Magni, A. 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 246(1-4): 467-481.
Ozçelik, S.; Polat, H.H.; Akyol, M.; Yalcin, A.N.; Ozcelik, D.; Marufihah, M. 2000. Kangal hot spring with fish and psoriasis treatment. The Journal of Dermatology, 27(6): 386-390. PMid:10920584.
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2019-11-27
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