Reproductive aspects of the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii under captive conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2022.48.e705Keywords:
aquarium hobby, behavior, native fish, reproductionAbstract
Apistogramma agassizii is a native fish from the Amazon basin, which is of great interest for fishkeeping and is supplied to the retail trade from extractivism. Knowledge about the reproductive characteristics of this fish is fundamental to successful breeding. Objective: This work aimed to study the behavior and reproductive performance of this species in white and black aquariums. A total of 16 pairs were used, 8 in each treatment. The system had water recirculation, with fresh and inert food supply. Result: The fish demonstrated parental care, more accentuated by the female and partial spawning. The same coloration pattern was observed in both treatments, with coloration intensifying only during spawning. The eggs were adhesive and U-shaped/oval. The females followed the larvae, even after they left the nests, and attacked the males when they approached the offspring. Males exhibited territorial behavior. No significant differences were observed for the following parameters studied: largest and smallest egg size, spawning weight, absolute fecundity, number of hatched larvae, and hatchability rate. Conclusion: This study found that the fish are prolific and show good reproductive rates in conditions of captivity; thus, they are suitable to rear for the ornamental fish trade.
References
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Anjos, H.D.B.; Amorim, R.M.S.; Siqueira, J.A.; Anjos, C.R. 2009. Ornamental fish export of the state of Amazonas, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(2): 259-274.
Barcellos, L.J.G.; Kreutz, L.C.; Quevedo, R.M.; Rosa, J.G.S.; Koako Ski, G.; Centenaro, L.; Pottker E. 2009. Influence of color background and shelter availability on jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) stress response. Aquaculture, 288(1-2): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.002
Blaser, R.E.; Rosemberg, D.B. 2012. Measures of anxiety in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): dissociation of black/white preference and novel tank test. PLoS ONE, 7(5): e36931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036931
Brian, O. 2015. Effect of tank background colour on the hatchability of O. noloticus eggs and survival of fry. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(6): 81-86.
Costa, D.C.; Pedreira, M.M.; Coraspe-Amaral, M.V.; Dupim, A.E.; Barral, U.; Duarte, E. 2013. Larvicultura de piabanha-do-pardo em aquários de cores diferentes. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2013000800028
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Cruz, M.B.D. 2020. Effects of different background colors on adult spawning, egg hatchability, and larval survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Fisheries, 8(3): 891-894. https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.241
Dias, B.C.B. 2016. Utilização do eugenol como anestésico para o acará severo Heros severus (Heckel, 1840). Belém. 71f. (Master dissertation. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, UFPA). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/8412>. Accessed: Jul 15, 2021.
Estivals, G.; Duponchelle, F.; Rí¶mer, U.; Garcia-Dávila, C.; Airola, E.; Deléglise, M.; Renno, J.F. 2020. The Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) is a geographic mosaic of potentially tens of species: conservation implications. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 30(8): 1521-1539. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3373
Ismií±o-Orbe, R.; Vasquez, N.D.; Delgado, P.M.; Chu-Koo, F. 2007. Advances in the aquaculture of Apistograma panduro Rí¶mer, 1997 (Perciformes: Ciclidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. Folia Amazónica, 16(1-2): 69-73.
Kullander, S.O. 2003. Family Cichlidae. In: (Reis, R.E.; Kullander, S.O.; Ferraris Júnior., C.J. (eds). Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. EdiPUCRS, Porto Alegre. pp.605-654.
Lima, A.O.; Bernardino, G.; Proença, C.E.M. 2001. Agronegócio de peixes ornamentais no Brasil e no mundo. Revista Panorama da Aquicultura, 11(65): 14-24.
Maan, M.E.; Groothuis, T.G.G.; Wittesnberg, J. 2001. Escalated fighting despite predictors of conflict outcome: solving the paradox in a South American Cichlid fish. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1819
Maan, M.E.; Sefc, K.M. 2013. Colour variation in cichlid fish: developmental mechanisms, selective pressures and evolutionary consequences. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 24: 516-528. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.05.003
McLean, E. 2021. Fish tank color: an overview. Aquaculture, 530: 735750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735750
Mendes, G.C.; Ricioli, L.S.; Guillermo-Ferreira, R. 2021. Behavioral repertoire of biparental care in Apistogramma trifasciata (Pisces: Cichlidae). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37(6): 957-962. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14226
Morrongiello, J.R.; Bond, N.R.; Crook, D.A.; Wong, B.B.M. 2012. Spatial variation in egg size and egg number reflects trade-offs and bet-hedging in a freshwater fish. Journal of Animal Ecology, 81: 806-817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01961.x
Oliveira, A.P. 2016. Comportamento do peixe Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1861) submetido a enriquecimento em aquário. Alegre. 71f. (Master dissertation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFES). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/2005>. Accessed: Out 15, 2021.
Oliveira, J.C.; Amadio, S.A.; Queiroz, H.L. 2017. Estrutura populacional de Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) em ambientes aquáticos da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã. Acta of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 5(3): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.2312/ActaFish.2017.5.3.61-67
Oliveira, J.C.; Queiroz, H.L. 2017. Life history traits of two dwarf cichlids species in the white waters of the Amazonian floodplain. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 100(11): 1497-1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0660-8
Ready, J.S.; Sampaio, I.; Schneider, H.; Vinson, C.; Santos, T.; Turner, G.F. 2006. Colour forms of Amazonian cichlid fish represent reproductively isolated species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19(4): 1139-1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01088.x
Ribeiro, F.D.A.S.; Lima, M.T.; Kochenborger, J.C.B. 2010. Panorama do mercado de organismos aquáticos ornamentais. Boletim Sociedade Brasileira de Limnologia, 38(2): 1-15.
Rodrigues, R.R.; Zuanon, J.; Del-Claro, K.; Carvalho, L.N. 2012. Reproductive behavior of the Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae Kullander, 1982: offsetting costs and benefits. Acta ethologica, 15: 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-011-0107-8
Rí¶mer, U. 2001. Baensch/Mergus Cichlid atlas. Mergus Publisher, Berlin. 1310p.
Rí¶mer, U. 2006. Cichlid atlas. In: Uwe Rí¶mer, U.; Verlag, M. Natural history of South American dwarf cichlids. 2(2): 1380p.
Rí¶mer, U.; Beisenherz, W. 2005. Intra- and interspecific mate choice of female Apistogramma cacatuoides (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 16(4): 339-345.
Sampaio, A.L.A.; Goulart, E. 2011. Ciclídeos Neotropicais: ecomorfologia trófica. Oecologia Australis, 15(4): 775-798. http://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2011.1504.03
Silva, T.C.G. 2013. Aspectos da reprodução de espécies de ciclídeos de importí¢ncia econômica em áreas de várzea do médio Solimões. Belém. 69f. (Master dissertation. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, UFPA). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/8475>. Accessed: Out 13, 2021.
Souza, A.M. 2021. A coloração corporal em Apistograma agassizii (Cichiformes:Cichidae) é influenciada pelos tipos de águas da Amazônia? Manaus. 34f. (Master dissertation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFAM). Available at: <https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/8377>. Accessed: Set 26, 2021.
Tribuzy-Neto, I.A.; Beltrão, H.; Benzaken, Z.S.; Yamamoto, K.C. 2020. Analysis of the ornamental fish exports from the Amazon State, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 46(4): e554. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2020.46.4.554
Vazzoler, A.E.A.M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: Teoria e prática. Eduem, Maringá. 169p.
Virgílio, L.R.; Brito, C.H.; Suçuarana, M.S.; Vieira, L.J.S. 2020. Forest fragmentation influences the diet of cichlids Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) and Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes) in streams of the Western Amazon. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 32: e28. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2618
Vissio, P.G.; Darias, M.J.; Yorio, M.P.D.; Sirkin, D.I.P.; Delgadin, T.H. 2021. Fish skin pigmentation in aquaculture: The influence of rearing conditions and its neuroendocrine regulation. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 301: 113662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113662
Volpato, G.L., Duarte, C.R.A.; Luchiari, A.C. 2004. Environmental color affects Nile tilapia reproduction. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biology Research, 37(4): 479-483. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000400004
Alves, F.C.M.; Rojas, N.E.T.; Romagosa, E. 2009. Reprodução do "ciclídeo-anão amazônico" Apistogramma cacatuoides, (Perciformes:Cichlidae) em laboratório. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(4): 587-596.
Anjos, H.D.B.; Amorim, R.M.S.; Siqueira, J.A.; Anjos, C.R. 2009. Ornamental fish export of the state of Amazonas, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(2): 259-274.
Barcellos, L.J.G.; Kreutz, L.C.; Quevedo, R.M.; Rosa, J.G.S.; Koako Ski, G.; Centenaro, L.; Pottker E. 2009. Influence of color background and shelter availability on jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) stress response. Aquaculture, 288(1-2): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.002
Blaser, R.E.; Rosemberg, D.B. 2012. Measures of anxiety in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): dissociation of black/white preference and novel tank test. PLoS ONE, 7(5): e36931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036931
Brian, O. 2015. Effect of tank background colour on the hatchability of O. noloticus eggs and survival of fry. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(6): 81-86.
Costa, D.C.; Pedreira, M.M.; Coraspe-Amaral, M.V.; Dupim, A.E.; Barral, U.; Duarte, E. 2013. Larvicultura de piabanha-do-pardo em aquários de cores diferentes. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2013000800028
Crampton, W. 1999. Os peixes da Reserva Mamirauá: diversidade e história natural na planície alagável da Amazônia. In: Queiroz, H.L.; Crampton, W.G.R. (eds). Estratégias para o manejo de recursos pesqueiros em Mamirauá. Brasília: CNPq. pp. 10-36.
Cruz, M.B.D. 2020. Effects of different background colors on adult spawning, egg hatchability, and larval survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Fisheries, 8(3): 891-894. https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.241
Dias, B.C.B. 2016. Utilização do eugenol como anestésico para o acará severo Heros severus (Heckel, 1840). Belém. 71f. (Master dissertation. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, UFPA). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/8412>. Accessed: Jul 15, 2021.
Estivals, G.; Duponchelle, F.; Rí¶mer, U.; Garcia-Dávila, C.; Airola, E.; Deléglise, M.; Renno, J.F. 2020. The Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) is a geographic mosaic of potentially tens of species: conservation implications. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 30(8): 1521-1539. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3373
Ismií±o-Orbe, R.; Vasquez, N.D.; Delgado, P.M.; Chu-Koo, F. 2007. Advances in the aquaculture of Apistograma panduro Rí¶mer, 1997 (Perciformes: Ciclidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. Folia Amazónica, 16(1-2): 69-73.
Kullander, S.O. 2003. Family Cichlidae. In: (Reis, R.E.; Kullander, S.O.; Ferraris Júnior., C.J. (eds). Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. EdiPUCRS, Porto Alegre. pp.605-654.
Lima, A.O.; Bernardino, G.; Proença, C.E.M. 2001. Agronegócio de peixes ornamentais no Brasil e no mundo. Revista Panorama da Aquicultura, 11(65): 14-24.
Maan, M.E.; Groothuis, T.G.G.; Wittesnberg, J. 2001. Escalated fighting despite predictors of conflict outcome: solving the paradox in a South American Cichlid fish. Animal Behaviour, 62(4): 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1819
Maan, M.E.; Sefc, K.M. 2013. Colour variation in cichlid fish: developmental mechanisms, selective pressures and evolutionary consequences. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 24: 516-528. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.05.003
McLean, E. 2021. Fish tank color: an overview. Aquaculture, 530: 735750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735750
Mendes, G.C.; Ricioli, L.S.; Guillermo-Ferreira, R. 2021. Behavioral repertoire of biparental care in Apistogramma trifasciata (Pisces: Cichlidae). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37(6): 957-962. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14226
Morrongiello, J.R.; Bond, N.R.; Crook, D.A.; Wong, B.B.M. 2012. Spatial variation in egg size and egg number reflects trade-offs and bet-hedging in a freshwater fish. Journal of Animal Ecology, 81: 806-817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01961.x
Oliveira, A.P. 2016. Comportamento do peixe Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1861) submetido a enriquecimento em aquário. Alegre. 71f. (Master dissertation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFES). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/2005>. Accessed: Out 15, 2021.
Oliveira, J.C.; Amadio, S.A.; Queiroz, H.L. 2017. Estrutura populacional de Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) em ambientes aquáticos da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã. Acta of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 5(3): 61-67. https://doi.org/10.2312/ActaFish.2017.5.3.61-67
Oliveira, J.C.; Queiroz, H.L. 2017. Life history traits of two dwarf cichlids species in the white waters of the Amazonian floodplain. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 100(11): 1497-1505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-017-0660-8
Ready, J.S.; Sampaio, I.; Schneider, H.; Vinson, C.; Santos, T.; Turner, G.F. 2006. Colour forms of Amazonian cichlid fish represent reproductively isolated species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19(4): 1139-1148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01088.x
Ribeiro, F.D.A.S.; Lima, M.T.; Kochenborger, J.C.B. 2010. Panorama do mercado de organismos aquáticos ornamentais. Boletim Sociedade Brasileira de Limnologia, 38(2): 1-15.
Rodrigues, R.R.; Zuanon, J.; Del-Claro, K.; Carvalho, L.N. 2012. Reproductive behavior of the Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae Kullander, 1982: offsetting costs and benefits. Acta ethologica, 15: 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-011-0107-8
Rí¶mer, U. 2001. Baensch/Mergus Cichlid atlas. Mergus Publisher, Berlin. 1310p.
Rí¶mer, U. 2006. Cichlid atlas. In: Uwe Rí¶mer, U.; Verlag, M. Natural history of South American dwarf cichlids. 2(2): 1380p.
Rí¶mer, U.; Beisenherz, W. 2005. Intra- and interspecific mate choice of female Apistogramma cacatuoides (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 16(4): 339-345.
Sampaio, A.L.A.; Goulart, E. 2011. Ciclídeos Neotropicais: ecomorfologia trófica. Oecologia Australis, 15(4): 775-798. http://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2011.1504.03
Silva, T.C.G. 2013. Aspectos da reprodução de espécies de ciclídeos de importí¢ncia econômica em áreas de várzea do médio Solimões. Belém. 69f. (Master dissertation. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, UFPA). Available at: <http://repositorio.ufpa.br:8080/jspui/handle/2011/8475>. Accessed: Out 13, 2021.
Souza, A.M. 2021. A coloração corporal em Apistograma agassizii (Cichiformes:Cichidae) é influenciada pelos tipos de águas da Amazônia? Manaus. 34f. (Master dissertation. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFAM). Available at: <https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/8377>. Accessed: Set 26, 2021.
Tribuzy-Neto, I.A.; Beltrão, H.; Benzaken, Z.S.; Yamamoto, K.C. 2020. Analysis of the ornamental fish exports from the Amazon State, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 46(4): e554. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2020.46.4.554
Vazzoler, A.E.A.M. 1996. Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: Teoria e prática. Eduem, Maringá. 169p.
Virgílio, L.R.; Brito, C.H.; Suçuarana, M.S.; Vieira, L.J.S. 2020. Forest fragmentation influences the diet of cichlids Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) and Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes) in streams of the Western Amazon. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 32: e28. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2618
Vissio, P.G.; Darias, M.J.; Yorio, M.P.D.; Sirkin, D.I.P.; Delgadin, T.H. 2021. Fish skin pigmentation in aquaculture: The influence of rearing conditions and its neuroendocrine regulation. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 301: 113662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113662
Volpato, G.L., Duarte, C.R.A.; Luchiari, A.C. 2004. Environmental color affects Nile tilapia reproduction. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biology Research, 37(4): 479-483. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000400004
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