Fisheries biology of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) in a neotropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2026.52.e971Keywords:
Fishery resource, Professional fisherman, Non-native species, Catch per unit effort, Três Irmãos ReservoirAbstract
Plagioscion squamosissimus (silver croaker), a non-native species from the Amazon Basin, is one of the main resources supporting artisanal fisheries in the Três Irmãos Reservoir, São Paulo state, Brazil. This study evaluated its fishery biology and population characteristics between 2015 and 2018, aiming to provide information to support species management. Data were obtained through fishery monitoring of 93 artisanal fishers and quarterly scientific sampling conducted in the lotic, transitional, and lentic zones of the reservoir. Catch composition, fishing effort, environmental variables, length-weight relationship, length at first maturity (L50), and gillnet selectivity were analyzed. Spatial and temporal variability in catch per unit effort (CPUE) was assessed using principal component analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance. The average annual landing of silver croaker was 53.5 tons, with a mean CPUE of 11.7 kg fisher-1 day-1. CPUE was associated with temperature, with the highest yields occurring in March, indicating a preference for lentic habitats. The species exhibited isometric growth (b = 3), continuous reproduction with a peak in spring, and a L50 of 15.9 cm total length. The results highlight the importance of silver croaker to local fisheries and suggest gillnet mesh sizes ≥ 8 cm to enhance commercial yields, whereas smaller meshes may be used in population control strategies.
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