Distribution of the blue marlin in the South Atlantic and Equatorial and potential spatial strategy management
Keywords:
GAMM, Makaira nigricans, time-area closure, protected areasAbstract
This study aimed to test simulations of fisheries closures for Makaira nigricans. Generalized Additive Models were used, with fishing data and environmental variables to determine the interference of these factors in the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of blue marlin. The final model explained 40% of variability in CPUE, with higher records up to 50 m deep and temperatures between 27°C and 29°C. The annual spatial prediction demonstrated the existence of an area with more expressive CPUE in the central portion of the South Atlantic. It was also observed a spatial heterogeneity in the CPUE of blue marlin during the months of the year, with a clear seasonal variation mainly on 1st and 4th quarters. Therefore, two areas were chosen for the fishing zone simulations (A1: 15°-20°S/25°-30°W and A2: 20°-25°S/30°-35°W). The reducing of blue marlin catches not affected in the same proportion the catches of the target species (swordfish).
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PRINCE, E.D. e GOODYEAR, C.P. 2006 Hypoxiabased habitat compression of tropical pelagic
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PRINCE, E.D.; COWEN, R.K.; ORBESEN, E.S.;LUTHY, S.A.; LLOPIZ, J.K.; RICHARDSON, D.E.; SERAFY, J.E. 2005 Movements and spawning of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus)and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) off Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Fishery Bulletin,103(4): 659í 669.
ROBERTS, C.M.; HAWKINS, J.P.; GELL, F.R. 2005 The role of marine reserves in achieving
sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 360: 123-132.
SILVA, C.M.T. 2007 Biologia reprodutiva do Agulhão Negro (Makaira nigricans Lacépí¨de, 1803) no
Atlí¢ntico Oeste Tropical. Recife. 74p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural de
Pernambuco, Recife). Disponível em:<http://200.17.137.108/tde_busca/arquivo.php ?codArquivo=14> Acesso em: 20 out. 2013.TWEEDIE, M.C.K. 1984 An index which distinguishes between some important exponential families. In: GHOSH, J.K. e ROY, J. Statistics: Applications and New Directions. Proceedings of the Indian Statistical Institute Golden Jubilee International Conference. Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta. p.579í 604
UEYANAGI, S.; KIKAWA, S.; UTO, M.; NISHIKAWA, Y. 1970 Distribution, spawning, and relative abundance of billfishes in the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory, 3: 15-55.
AUGUSTIN, N.H.; TRENKEL, V.M.; WOOD, S.N.;LORANCE, P. 2013 Space-time modeling of blue
ling for fisheries stock management. Environmetrics, 24(2): 109-119.
BOLKER, M.B.; BROOKS, M.E.; CLARK, C.J.;GEANGE, S.W.; POULSEN, J.R.; STEVENS, M.H.H.; WHITE, J.S.S. 2008 Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(3):127-135.
DUNN, D.C.; BOUSTANY, A.M.; HALPIN, P.N.2011 Spatio-temporal management of fisheries
to reduce by-catch and increase fishing selectivity. Fish and Fisheries, 12(1): 110í 119.
DUNN, P.K. e SMYTH, G.K. 2005 Series evaluation of Tweedie exponential dispersion model densities. Statistics and Computing, 15(4): 267í 280.
FONTENEAU, A. 1998 Introduction aux problí¨mes des relations thons-environnement dans
l’Atlantique. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 50(1): 275-317.
FRÉDOU, T.; FRÉDOU, F.L.; HAZIN, F.H.V.;TRAVASSOS, P. 2012 Length composition and spatio-temporal distribution of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the South Atlantic Ocean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 68(4):1524-1530.
GAME, E.T.; GRANTHAM, H.S.; HOBDAY, A.J.;PRESSEY, R.L.; LOMBARD, A.T.; BECKLEY,L.E.; GJERDE, K.; BUSTAMANTE, R.; POSSINGHAM, H.P.; RICHARDSON, A.J. 2009 Pelagic protected areas: the missing dimension in ocean conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24(7): 360-369.
GONZÁLEZ-ANIA, L.V.; BROWN, C.A.; CORTÉS,E. 2001 Standardized catch rates for yellowfin
tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the 1992-1999 Gulf of Mexico longline fishery based upon observer
programs from Mexico and the United States. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52(1):
222-237.
GOODYEAR, C.P. 1999 An analysis of the possible utility of timeí area closures to minimize billfish
bycatch by U.S. pelagic longlines. Fishery Bulletin, 97(2): 243í 255.
GOODYEAR, C.P. 2002 Spatiotemporal distribution of longline cpue and sea surface temperature for atlantic marlins. Collective Volume Scientific Papers ICCAT, 54(3): 834-845.
GRANTHAM, H.S.; PETERSEN, S.L.; POSSINGHAM,H.P. 2008 Reducing bycatch in the South African
pelagic longline fishery: the utility of different approaches to fisheries closures. Endangered
Species Research, 5: 291-299.
GRAVES, J.E.; LUCKHURST, B.E.; PRINCE, E.D. 2002 An evaluation of pop-up satellite tags for
estimating postrelease survival of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) from a recreational fishery.
Fishery Bulletin, 100(1): 134-142.
HAZIN, H.G.; MOURATO, B.; HAZIN, F.H.V.; CARVALHO, F.; FRÉDOU, T.; TRAVASSOS, P.; PACHECO, J.C. 2012 Standardized CPUE series of blue marlin and white marlin caught by brazilian tuna longline fisheries in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (1980-2010). Collective Volume of Scientific Papers, ICCAT, 68(4): 1531-1542.
HILBORN, R.; STOKES, K.; MAGUIRE, J.J.; SMITH, T.; BOTSFORD, L.W.; MANGEL, M.; ORENSANZ,
J.; PARMA, A.; RICE, J.; BELL, J.; COCHRANE, K.L; GARCIA, S.; HALL, S.J.; KIRKWOOD, G.P.; SAINSBURRY, K.; STEFANSSON, G.; WALTERS, C. 2004 When can marine reserves improve fisheries management? Ocean e Coastal Management, 47: 197í 205.
HYRENBACH, K.D.; FORNEY, K.A.; DAYTON, P.K.2000 Marine protected areas and ocean basin
management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine of Freshwater Ecosystems, 10: 437í 458.
HOBDAY, A.J. e HARTMANN, K. 2006 Near realtime spatial management based on habitat
predictions for a longline bycatch species. Fisheries Management Ecology,13(6): 365-380.
ICCAT - INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS. 2004 Informe del Comité Permanente de Investigación y Estadísticas. Madrid: ICCAT, 4-8/out/2004. p.78-85.
ICCAT - INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS.
2011 Informe de la sesión de evaluación del stock de aguja azul y reunión de preparación de datos de aguja blanca de 2011. Madrid: ICCAT, 25-29/abr./2011.21p.
ICCAT - INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ATLANTIC TUNAS.
2013 Statistical Bulletin. Madrid: ICCAT, vol. 41, julho/2013. 184p.
KITCHELL, J.F.; MARTELL, S.J.D.; WALTERS, C.J.;JESEN, O.P.; KAPLANL, I.C.; WALTERS, J., ESSINGTON, T.E.; BOGGS, C.H. 2006 Billfishes in an Ecosystem Context. Bulletin of Marine Science, 79(3): 669-682.
MARRA, G. e WOOD, S.N. 2011 Practical variable selection for generalized additive models.
Computational Statistics e Data Analysis, 55: 2372-2387.
MURAWSKI, S.A. 1992 The challenges of finding solutions in multispecies fisheries. In:
SCHONING, R.W.; JACOBSON, R.W.; ALVERSON, D.L.; GENTLE, T.G.; AUYONG, J. (eds) Proceedings of the national industry bycatch workshop. Newport, 4í 6/Feb./1992. Seattle: Natural Resources Consultants. p.35í 45.
PRINCE, E.D. e GOODYEAR, C.P. 2006 Hypoxiabased habitat compression of tropical pelagic
fishes. Fishery Oceanography, 15(6): 451-464.
PRINCE, E.D.; COWEN, R.K.; ORBESEN, E.S.;LUTHY, S.A.; LLOPIZ, J.K.; RICHARDSON, D.E.; SERAFY, J.E. 2005 Movements and spawning of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus)and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) off Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Fishery Bulletin,103(4): 659í 669.
ROBERTS, C.M.; HAWKINS, J.P.; GELL, F.R. 2005 The role of marine reserves in achieving
sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 360: 123-132.
SILVA, C.M.T. 2007 Biologia reprodutiva do Agulhão Negro (Makaira nigricans Lacépí¨de, 1803) no
Atlí¢ntico Oeste Tropical. Recife. 74p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural de
Pernambuco, Recife). Disponível em:<http://200.17.137.108/tde_busca/arquivo.php ?codArquivo=14> Acesso em: 20 out. 2013.TWEEDIE, M.C.K. 1984 An index which distinguishes between some important exponential families. In: GHOSH, J.K. e ROY, J. Statistics: Applications and New Directions. Proceedings of the Indian Statistical Institute Golden Jubilee International Conference. Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta. p.579í 604
UEYANAGI, S.; KIKAWA, S.; UTO, M.; NISHIKAWA, Y. 1970 Distribution, spawning, and relative abundance of billfishes in the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory, 3: 15-55.
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