Interactions of freshwater fish fry with the plankton community
Keywords:
natural feeding, young forms of fish, larvae, predator-prey relationshipAbstract
This paper is a synthesis of the main aspects of the interactions between the young forms of fish (YFF) and the plankton community, describing biological factors and behaviors. The recruitment of fish populations depends on the success of YFF in the natural environment. Thus, the development of mechanisms that allow efficient food capture, as well as reduction of competition or also reduced predation by other organisms, are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of the populations of fish and their natural environments. YFF, which show ecological characteristics different from those of adults, depend on the availability of food organisms in terms of density, size, palatability, attractiveness, biological value and adequate swimming capacity for capture. Among the factors that determine the capture of food organisms by YFF are the fry length/prey length relationship, mobility and capacity of escape of the prey, body protection, palatability and prey abundance. The predation and feeding selectivity on the zooplankton by YFF can cause changes in the plankton community structure in natural environments.
References
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CHILDS, M.R.; CLARKSON, R.W.; ROBINSON, A.T.1998 Resource used by larval and early juvenile native fish in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 127:620-629.
COX, E.S. and PANKHURST, P.M. 2000 Feeding behavior of greenback flounder larvae,Rhombosolea tapirina (Günther) with differing exposure histories to live prey. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 183: 285-297.
CUNHA, I. and PLANAS, M. 1999 Optimal prey size for early turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus L.) based on mouth and ingested prey size.Aquaculture, 175: 103-110.
DABROSKI, K. 1991 Dietary requirement for freshwater fish larvae - In Search of a common thread. In: FISH AND CRUSTACEAN LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM. Anais... p.9-10.
DAVIS, C.C. 1959 Damage to fish fry by cyclopoid copepods. Ohio J. Sc., Columbus, 59: 101-102.
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MENG, L. and ORSI, J.J. 1991 Selective predation by larval striped bass on native and introduced copepods. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 120: 187-192.
MILLS, E.L. and FORNEY, J.L. 1983 Impact on Daphnia pulex of predation by young yellow perch in Oneida Lake. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 112: 154-161.
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BEHR, E.R.; NETO, J.R.; TRONCO, A.P.; FONTANA, A.P. 1999 Influência de diferentes níveis de luminosidade sobre o desempenho de larvas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) (Quoy e Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces Pimelodidae). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá,21: 325-330.
BEKLIOGLU, M. and MOSS, B. 1995 The impact of pH on the interactions among phytoplanckton algae, zooplankton and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in shalow, fertile lake. Freshwater Biol., 33: 497-509.
Bí–ING, W.; WAGNER, A.; VOIGT, H.; DEPPE, T.; BENNDORF, J. 1998 Phytoplankton responses to grazing by Daphnia galeata in the biomanipulated Bautzen reservoir. Hydrobiologia, 389: 101-114.
BREMIGAN, M.T. and STEIN, R.A. 1999 Larval gizzard shad success, juvenile effects, and reservoir productivity: toward a framework for multi-system management. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.,128(6): 1106-1124.
BUSKEY, E.J. 1994 Factors affecting feeding and selectivity of visual predators on the copepod Acartia tonsa: locomotion, visibility and escape responses. Hydrobiologia, 292/293: 447-453.
CAVICCHIOLI, M. 2000 Mudanças na morfologia do trato digestório, dieta e seletividade alimentar de larvas de três espécies de peixes do reservatório de Itaipu, Brasil, Paraguai. Maringá. (PhD Thesis. State University of Maringá/Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade Estadual de Maringá).
CHILDS, M.R.; CLARKSON, R.W.; ROBINSON, A.T.1998 Resource used by larval and early juvenile native fish in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 127:620-629.
COX, E.S. and PANKHURST, P.M. 2000 Feeding behavior of greenback flounder larvae,Rhombosolea tapirina (Günther) with differing exposure histories to live prey. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 183: 285-297.
CUNHA, I. and PLANAS, M. 1999 Optimal prey size for early turbot larvae (Scophthalmus maximus L.) based on mouth and ingested prey size.Aquaculture, 175: 103-110.
DABROSKI, K. 1991 Dietary requirement for freshwater fish larvae - In Search of a common thread. In: FISH AND CRUSTACEAN LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM. Anais... p.9-10.
DAVIS, C.C. 1959 Damage to fish fry by cyclopoid copepods. Ohio J. Sc., Columbus, 59: 101-102.
ESTEVES, F.A. 1998 Fundamentos de Limnologia. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência/FINEP. 575p.
FABIAN, M.W. 1960 Mortality of fresh water and tropical fish fry by cyclopoid copepods. Ohio J.Sc., Columbus, 60(5): 268-270.
FARIA, A.C.E.A.; HAYASHI, C.; SOARES, C.M.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S. 2000 Avaliação de grupos zooplanctônicos em tanques experimentais submetidos í adubação com diferentes substratos orgí¢nicos. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 22(2): 375-381.
FARIA, A.C.E.A.; HAYASHI, C.; SOARES, C.M. 2001 Predação de larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg) por copépodes ciclopóides (Mesocyclops longisetus Thiébald) em diferentes densidade e ambientes com diferentes contrastes visuais. Acta Scientiarum,Maringá, 23: 497-502.
FERMIN, A.C. and SERONAY, G.A. 1997 Effects of different illumination levels on zooplankton abundance, feeding periodicity, growth and survival of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), fry in illuminate floating nursery cages.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 157: 227-237.
FREGADOLLI, C.H. 1993 Seleção alimentar de larvas de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg,1887 e tambaqui, Colossoma macropomun Cuvier, 1818 em laboratório. Bol. Téc. CEPTA, 6: 1-50.
FURUYA, V.R.B.; HAYASHI, C.; FURUYA, W.M.; SOARES, C.M.; GALDIOLLI, E.M. 1999 Influência de plí¢ncton, dieta artificial e sua combinação sobre o crescimento e sobrevivência de larvas de curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 21: 699-703.
GERKING, S.D. 1994 Larval feeding. In: GERKING, S.D. (Ed.). Feeding of fish. San Diego: Academic Press. 336p.
HARTIG, J.H.; JUDE, D.J.; EVANS, M.S. 1982 Cyclopoid predation on Lake Michigan fish larvae. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Ottawa, 39, 1563- 1568.
HARTIG, J.H. and JUDE, D.J. 1984 Opportunistic cyclopoid predation on fish larvae. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci., Ottawa, 41: 526-532.
HAYASHI, C.; SOARES, C.M.; GALDIOLI, E.M. FURUYA, V.R.B.; BOSCOLO, W.; FURUYA, W.M. 1999 Produção fito-zooplanctônica e alimentação natural de larvas de piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus L.) em tanques experimentais. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE ICTIOLOGIA, 3., São Carlos, 1999. Resumos... São Carlos: UFSCar/SBI. p.530.
HUNG, M. 1989 Ensayo de cultivo de una cepa de rotífero Brachionus plicatilis aislada en Venezuela. Rev. Latino-americana de Acuicultura, 40: 83-112.
HUTCHINSON, G.E. 1967 A treatise on limnology. New York John Wiley and Sons Inc. JOHANNSSON, O.E. and O’GORMAN, R. 1991 Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in lake Ontario, 1981-1986. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 120: 193-208.
KEEF, T.C.O.; BREWER, M.C.; DODSON, S.I. 1998 Swimming behavior of Daphnia: its role in determining predation risk. J. Plank. Res., 20: 973-984. LAFONTAINE, Y. and LEGGETT, W.C. 1987 Effect of container size on estimates of mortality and predation rates in experiments with macro zooplankton and larval fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.Sci., Ottawa, 44: 1534-1543.
LUIZI, F.S.; GARA, B.; SHIELDS, R.J.; BROMAGE, N.R. 1999 Further description of the development of the digestive organs in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae, with notes on differential absorption of copepod and Artemia prey. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 176: 101-116.
MATHEUS, C.E. and BARBIERI, G. 1999 Interações entre os peixes e as comunidades fito e zooplanctônicas em tanques de piscicultura: bases teóricas para o manejo. B. Téc. Inst. Pesca, 27: 1-13.
MENG, L. and ORSI, J.J. 1991 Selective predation by larval striped bass on native and introduced copepods. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 120: 187-192.
MILLS, E.L. and FORNEY, J.L. 1983 Impact on Daphnia pulex of predation by young yellow perch in Oneida Lake. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 112: 154-161.
MILSTEIN, A.; HEPHER, B.; TELTCH, B. 1988 The effect of fish species combination in fish ponds on plankton composition. Aquac. Fish. Manag., 19: 127-137.
NAKATANI, K.; BAUMGARTNER, G.; CAVICCHIOLI, M. 1997 Ecologia de ovos e larvas de peixes. In: VAZZOLER, A.E.A. de M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; HAHN, N.S. (Ed.). A Planície de inundação do Alto rio Paraná. Maringá:
EDUEM/Nupelia.
NASCIMENTO, V.M.C. 1989 Curvas de crescimento de Moina micrura Kurs, 1974 e Ceriodaphnia silvestris criadas em laboratório. Bol. Téc. CEPTA,2: 53-59.
NIKOLSKII, G.V. 1963 The ecology of fish. London/ New York: Academic Press.OSSE, J.W.M.; VAN DEN BOOGAART, J.G.M.; VAN SNIK, V.M.J. 1997 Priorities during early growth of fish larvae. Aquaculture, 155: 249-258.
OSTROWSKI, A.C. 1989 Effect of rearing tank background color on early survival of dolphin larvae. The Progr. Fish-Culturist, Amsterdam, 51:161-163.
PARADIS, A.R.; PEPIN, P.; BROWN, J.A. 1996 Vulnerability of fish eggs and larvae to predation :review of the influence of the relative size of prey and predator. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Ottawa, 53: 1226-1235.
PEGANO, M.; SAINT-JEAN, L.; ARFI, R. BOUVY, M.;GUIRAL, D. 1999 Zooplankton food and grazing impact in a eutrophic brackish-water tropical pond (Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa). Hydrobiologia, 390: 83-98.
PORTELLA, M.C.; CESTAROLLI, M.A.; VERANI, J.R.; ROJAS, N.E.T. 1997 Produção de organismos planctônicos para alimentação inicial de larvas de peixes de água doce. B. Inst. Pesca, 24: 79-89.
RIEGER, P.W. and SUMMERFELT, R.C. 1997 The influence of turbidity on larval walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, behavior and development in tank culture. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 159: 19-32.
RíËœNNESTAD, I.; ROJAS-GARCíÂA, C.R.; TONHEIM, S.K.; CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C. 2001 In vivo studies of digestion and nutrient assimilation in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 201: 161-175.
SAMMONS, S.M.; BETTOLI, P.W.; GREEAR, V.A. 2001 Early live history characteristics of age-0 white crappies in response to hydrology and zooplankton densities in Normandy reservoir, Tennessee. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 130: 442-449.
SANTEIRO, R.M. and PINTO-COELHO, R.M. 2000 Efeito de fertilização na biomassa e qualidade nutricional do zooplí¢ncton utilizado para alimentação de alevinos na estação de hidrobiologia e piscicultura de Furnas, MG. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 22: 707-716.
SANTOS, J.E. and GODINHO, H.P. 1994 Morfogênese e comportamento larvais do surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans Agassiz, 1829) sob condições experimentais. Arq. Bras.Med. Vet. Zootec., 46: 139-147.
SILVA-GARCIA, A.J. 1996 Growth of juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) reared under different photoperiod regimes. Israeli J. Aquac.,48: 84-93.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H. 1993 Análise da seletividade alimentar em larvas de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e tambacu (híbrido, pacu - Piaractus mesopotamicus e tambaqui -Colossoma macropomum) sobre organismos
zooplanctônicos. Acta Limnol. Brasiliensia,Botucatu, 6(1): 114-132.
SIPAíÅ¡BA-TAVARES, L.H.; BACHION, M.A.; ROCHA, O. 1994 Estudo do crescimento populacional de três espécies zooplanctônicas em laboratório e o uso de plí¢ncton na alimentação de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia)
e Astyanax scabripinus paranae (lambari). Revista UNIMAR, 16: 189-201.
SOARES, C.M. 2003 Relações ecológicas de quatro espécies de peixes nativos em fase de desenvolvimento
inicial: alterações nas comunidades, alimentação e tamanho da boca. Maringá. (PhD Thesis. State
University of Maringá/Tese de Doutoramento.Universidade Estadual de Maringá).
SOARES, C.M.; HAYASHI, C.; FURUYA, W.M.; FURUYA, V.R.B.; MARANHÃO, T.C.F. 1997 Alimentação natural de larvas do cascudo preto Rhinelepis aspera Agassiz, 1829 (Osteichthyes í Loricariidae) em tanques de cultivo. B. Inst. Pesca,24: 109-117.
SUKHANOVA, Y.R. 1965 The role of Cyclops (Acanthocyclops vernalis Fish.) in the survival of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys) larvae. J. Ichthyol.,8: 467-468.
URABE, J. 1990 Stable horizontal variation in the zooplankton community structure of a reservoir maintained by predation and competition. Limnol. Ocean., 35: 1703-1717.
VARELLA, A. 1994 Gamidactylus bryconis sp. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Vaigamidae) das fossas nasais de peixes, Brycon pellegrini (HOLLY, 1929) e B. melanopterus (COPE, 1872) da Amazônia brasileira. Acta Amazonica, 24: 145-152.
VRIES, D.R. 1998 Prey selection by larval fishes as influenced by available zooplankton and gape limitation. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 127: 1040-1050.
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2018-10-29
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