Temporal variation in yield and composition of the artisanal fishery of the upper Paraná river, PR - Brazil: chronic effects of impoundments
Keywords:
rendimento pesqueiro, planície de inundação, efeito de barragemAbstract
The large number of dams in the upper Paraná River basin caused fragmentation of rivers, changing the longitudinal migratory fish process and patterns of hydrologic connectivity, besides modify the specific composition and reduce the biomass caught by artisanal fisheries, activity that generates jobs and income for the families of the region. This paper aims to characterize artisanal fisheries developed in the lower region of the upper Paraná River floodplain, emphasizing the negative effects of hydrologic alteration on composition and efficiency of catches. Total landing data (t) and CPUE (kg fisherman-1 day-1) were analyzed between years 1987 and 2005. The differences in CPUE of the main species BEFORE and AFTER the closure of Porto Primavera Dam were assessed with Mann-Whitney (U) test. The temporal variation (years) in species composition was assessed using MDS; the differences between the groups was tested by Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) and the contribution of species to the ordination of the year was verified through similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). Catches ranged from 242.8 tons (1990) to 35.6 ton (1995) with a tendency toward in CPUE reduction of the species of higher commercial value after the year 2000. Alteration in the species composition occurred in catches after 2000, predominating sedentary species and with reproduction independent of the hydrological cycle. The results indicate the need for fishery management to prevent overfishing of the current target fish species and increased river flow for the recomposition of migratory fish stocks.
References
ACHESON, J.M. 1980 Anthropology of fishing.Annual Review of Anthropology, Palo Alto, 10:275-316.
AGOSTINHO, A.A. e ZALEWSKI, M. 1996 A planície alagável do alto rio Paraná: importí¢ncia e preservação (Upper Paraná River floodplain: importance and
preservation). Maringá: Eduem. 100p.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; VAZZOLER, A.E.A. de M.;THOMAZ, S.M. 1995. The high Paraná river
basin: limnological and ichthyological aspects. In: TUNDISI, J.G.; BICUDO, C.E.M. e
MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T. Limnology in Brazil.Rio de Janeiro-RJ. p.59-104.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; THOMAZ, S.M.; MINTE-VERA, C.V.; WINEMILLER, K.O. 2000 Biodiversity in the high Paraná River floodplain. In: GOPAL, B.; JUNK, W.J.; DAVIS, J.A. Biodiversity in Wetlands:Assessment, Function and Conservation.Backhuys: Leiden. p.89í 118.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; SUZUKI, H.I.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F. 2003 Migratory fish from the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. In: CAROLSFELD, J.; HARVEY, B.; ROSS, C.;
BAER, A.; ROSS, C. Migratory Fishes of South America: biology, social importance and conservation status. Victoria: World Fisheries Trust: The World Bank: International Development Research Centre. p.19í 99.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; VERÍSSIMO, S.;OKADA, E.K. 2004a Flood regime, dam
regulation and fish in the Upper Paraná River: effects on assemblage attributes, reproduction and recruitment. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Berlim, 14: 11-19.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; THOMAZ, S.M.; GOMES, L.C.2004b Threats for biodiversity in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River: effects of hydrological regulation by dams. Ecohydrology &Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź, 4(3): 267-280.
AGOSTINHO, A.A., OKADA, E.K.; GOMES, L.C.;AMBRÓSIO, A.M.; SUZUKI, H.I. 2005
Reservatório de Itaipu: estatística de rendimento pesqueiro. Relatório anual 2004. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Maringá,Brasil. 307p.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; PELICICE, F.M. 2007 Ecologia e manejo de recursos
pesqueiros em reservatórios do Brasil. Maringá:Eduem, 2007. 502p.
ALLISON, E.H. e ELLIS, F. 2001 The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, Amsterdam, 25: 377-388.
ARTHINGTON, A.H.; LORENZEN, K.; PUSEY, B.J.;ABELL, R.; HALLS, A.S.; WINEMILLER, K.O.; ARRINGTON, D.A.; BARAN, E. 2004 River fisheries: ecological basis for management and conservation. In: WELCOMME, R. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries.
Bangkok FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific: RAP Publication. p.21-60.
BAILEY, C. e JENTOFT, S. 1990 Hard choices in fisheries development. Marine Policy,
Amsterdam, 14(4): 333-344.
BAYLEY, V.S. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 1989 Amazon fisheries: assessment methods, current status and management options. In: DODGE, D.P.Proceedings of the international Large River Symposium (LARS). (Honey Harbour, Ontario,Canada, September 14-21, 1986). Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989. 629p.
(Canadian special publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106: 385-389.
BEGOSSI, A.; HANAZAKI, N.; PERONI, N. 2000 Knowledge and use of biodiversity in Brazilian hotspots. Environment, Development, and Sustainability, Berlim, 2(3/4): 177-193.
BERKES, F.; MAHON, R.; MCCONNEY, P.; POLLNAC, R.C.; POMEROY, R.S. 2001
Managing small-scale fisheries: alternative directions and methods. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. 308p.
CASTRO, F. e BEGOSSI, A. 1995 Ecology of fishing on the Grande River (Brazil): technology and territorial rights. Fisheries Research, Amsterdam,23: 361-373.
CETRA, M. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 2001 Small-scale fisheries in the middle River Tocantins, Imperatriz (MA), Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 8: 153-162.
CLARKE, K.R. 1993 Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure.Australian Journal of Ecology, Sidney, 18: 117í 143.
CLARKE, K.R. e WARWICK, R.M. 1994 Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, Plymouth Marine Laboratory:Plymouth, UK. 144p.
COCHRANE, K.L. 2000 Reconciling sustainability, economic efficiency and equity in fisheries: the one that got away? Fish and Fisheries, New York,1: 3-21.
FERNANDES, R.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; FERREIRA,E.A.; PAVANELLI, C.S.; SUZUKI, H.I.; LIMA JR., D.P.; GOMES, L.C. 2009 Effects of the hydrological regime on the ichthyofauna of riverine environments of the upper Paraná River floodplain. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 69(2, Suppl.): 669-680.
FRANCO DE CAMARGO, S.A. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 2001 Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of middle São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 8: 163-171.
GOMES, L.C. e AGOSTINHO, A.A. 1997 Influence of the flooding regime on the nutritional state and juvenile recruitment of the curimba, Prochilodus scrofa, Steindachner, in Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 4: 263í 274.
GOMES, L.C.; MIRANDA, L.E.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2002 Fishery yield relative to chlorophyll a in reservoirs of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil.Fisheries Research, Amsterdam, 55: 335-340.
HALLS, A.S. e WELCOMME, R.L. 2004 Dynamic of River fish populations in response to
hydrological conditions: a simulation study. River Research and Applications, New York, 20:985-1000.
HALLS, A.S.; KIRKWOOD, G.P.; PAYNE, A.I. 2001 A dynamic pool model for floodplain-River fisheries. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź,1(3): 323í 339.
HSIEH, C.; REISS, C.S.; HUNTER, J.R.;BEDDINGTON, J.R.; MAY, R.M.; SUGIHARA,G. 2006 Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species. Nature, London,443: 859-862.
IBGE - INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA 1990 Geografia do Brasil Rio de Janeiro: Editora IBGE. Região Sul. v.2. 236p.
JUNK, W.J.; BAYLEY, P.B.; SPARKS, R.E. 1989 The flood pulse concept in River-floodplain systems.Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, Ottawa, 106: 110-127.
LOWE-MCCONNELL, R.H. 1987 Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 382p.
LUIZ, E.A.; GASPAR DA LUZ, K.D.; COSTA, R.S.;LATINI, J.D.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F.; GOMES,
L.C. 2004 Structure of the fish assemblage in biotopes and subsystems of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. In: AGOSTINHO, A.A.;RODRIGUES, L.; GOMES, L.C.; THOMAZ, S.M.; MIRANDA, L.E. Structure and functioning of the Paraná River ans its floodplain í LTER 6. Maringá:Eduem. p.117-123.
MARMULLA, G. 2001 Dams, fish and fisheries:opportunities, challenges and conflict resolution. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 166p.
NEIFF, J.J. 1990 Ideas for an ecological interpretation of the Paraná. Interciencia, Caracas, 156: 424-441.
OKADA, E.K.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.2005 Spatial and temporal gradients in the artisanal fisheries of a large Neotropical reservoir, the Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Ottawa,62: 714-724.
PELICICE, F.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C. 2005 Biodiversidade e conservação de peixes na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Caderno de Biodiversidade, Curitiba, 22: 180-188.
PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 1989 River fisheries in Brazil:a review. Regulated Rivers:research and management, New York, 4: 1-16.
PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F. 2002 Review of the fisheries in the Brazilian portion of the Paraná/Pantanal basin.In: COWX, I.G. Management and ecology of lake and reservoir fisheries. Oxford: Fishing New
Books. p.123-143.
PETRY, A.C.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.2003 Fish assemblages of tropical floodplain lagoons: exploring the role of connectivity in a dry year. Neotropical Ichthyology, Porto Alegre, 1:111-119.
SUZUKI, H.I.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; BAILY, D.;GIMENES, M.F.; JíÅ¡LIO-JUNIOR, H.F.; GOMES,L.C. 2009 Inter-annual variations in the abundance of young-of-the-year of migratory fishes in the Upper Paraná River floodplain: relations with hydrographic attributes. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 69(2, Suppl.): 649-660.
VALBO-JíËœRGENSEN, J. e POULSEN, A.F. 2000 Using local knowledge as a research tool in the study of River fish biology: experiences from the Mekong. Environmental, Development and Sustainability, Berlim, 2: 253-276.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; HAHN, N.S. 1997a A Planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos fisicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos.Maringá: Eduem, 460p.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M.; SUZUKI, H.I.; MARQUES,E.E.; LIZAMA, M.A.P. 1997b Primeira
maturação gonadal, períodos e áreas de reprodução. In: VAZZOLER, A.E.A. de M.;
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; HAHN, N.S. A Planície de inundaçãodo Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos fisicos,biológicos e socioeconômicos. Maringá: Eduem.p.249-265.
WELCOMME, R.L. 1985 River fisheries. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 330p.
WELCOMME, R.L. e HALLS, A. 2001 Some considerations of the effects of differences in flood patterns on fish populations. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź, 1: 313-321
WELCOMME, R.L. e HALLS, A.S. 2004 Dependence of tropical River fisheries on flow. In:
WELCOMME, R. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries. Bangkok FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific: RAP Publication, p.267-283.
WINEMILLER, K.O. 2003 Floodplain River food webs: generalizations and implications for fisheries management. In: WELCOMME, R.L. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries. Bangkok Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Mekong River Commission: RAP Publication. p.285-31.
ZAR, J.H. 1999 Biostatistical Analysis, 4a ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 960p.
AGOSTINHO, A.A. e ZALEWSKI, M. 1996 A planície alagável do alto rio Paraná: importí¢ncia e preservação (Upper Paraná River floodplain: importance and
preservation). Maringá: Eduem. 100p.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; VAZZOLER, A.E.A. de M.;THOMAZ, S.M. 1995. The high Paraná river
basin: limnological and ichthyological aspects. In: TUNDISI, J.G.; BICUDO, C.E.M. e
MATSUMURA-TUNDISI, T. Limnology in Brazil.Rio de Janeiro-RJ. p.59-104.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; THOMAZ, S.M.; MINTE-VERA, C.V.; WINEMILLER, K.O. 2000 Biodiversity in the high Paraná River floodplain. In: GOPAL, B.; JUNK, W.J.; DAVIS, J.A. Biodiversity in Wetlands:Assessment, Function and Conservation.Backhuys: Leiden. p.89í 118.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; SUZUKI, H.I.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F. 2003 Migratory fish from the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. In: CAROLSFELD, J.; HARVEY, B.; ROSS, C.;
BAER, A.; ROSS, C. Migratory Fishes of South America: biology, social importance and conservation status. Victoria: World Fisheries Trust: The World Bank: International Development Research Centre. p.19í 99.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; VERÍSSIMO, S.;OKADA, E.K. 2004a Flood regime, dam
regulation and fish in the Upper Paraná River: effects on assemblage attributes, reproduction and recruitment. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Berlim, 14: 11-19.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; THOMAZ, S.M.; GOMES, L.C.2004b Threats for biodiversity in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River: effects of hydrological regulation by dams. Ecohydrology &Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź, 4(3): 267-280.
AGOSTINHO, A.A., OKADA, E.K.; GOMES, L.C.;AMBRÓSIO, A.M.; SUZUKI, H.I. 2005
Reservatório de Itaipu: estatística de rendimento pesqueiro. Relatório anual 2004. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Maringá,Brasil. 307p.
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.; PELICICE, F.M. 2007 Ecologia e manejo de recursos
pesqueiros em reservatórios do Brasil. Maringá:Eduem, 2007. 502p.
ALLISON, E.H. e ELLIS, F. 2001 The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, Amsterdam, 25: 377-388.
ARTHINGTON, A.H.; LORENZEN, K.; PUSEY, B.J.;ABELL, R.; HALLS, A.S.; WINEMILLER, K.O.; ARRINGTON, D.A.; BARAN, E. 2004 River fisheries: ecological basis for management and conservation. In: WELCOMME, R. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries.
Bangkok FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific: RAP Publication. p.21-60.
BAILEY, C. e JENTOFT, S. 1990 Hard choices in fisheries development. Marine Policy,
Amsterdam, 14(4): 333-344.
BAYLEY, V.S. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 1989 Amazon fisheries: assessment methods, current status and management options. In: DODGE, D.P.Proceedings of the international Large River Symposium (LARS). (Honey Harbour, Ontario,Canada, September 14-21, 1986). Ottawa: Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989. 629p.
(Canadian special publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106: 385-389.
BEGOSSI, A.; HANAZAKI, N.; PERONI, N. 2000 Knowledge and use of biodiversity in Brazilian hotspots. Environment, Development, and Sustainability, Berlim, 2(3/4): 177-193.
BERKES, F.; MAHON, R.; MCCONNEY, P.; POLLNAC, R.C.; POMEROY, R.S. 2001
Managing small-scale fisheries: alternative directions and methods. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. 308p.
CASTRO, F. e BEGOSSI, A. 1995 Ecology of fishing on the Grande River (Brazil): technology and territorial rights. Fisheries Research, Amsterdam,23: 361-373.
CETRA, M. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 2001 Small-scale fisheries in the middle River Tocantins, Imperatriz (MA), Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 8: 153-162.
CLARKE, K.R. 1993 Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure.Australian Journal of Ecology, Sidney, 18: 117í 143.
CLARKE, K.R. e WARWICK, R.M. 1994 Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, Plymouth Marine Laboratory:Plymouth, UK. 144p.
COCHRANE, K.L. 2000 Reconciling sustainability, economic efficiency and equity in fisheries: the one that got away? Fish and Fisheries, New York,1: 3-21.
FERNANDES, R.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; FERREIRA,E.A.; PAVANELLI, C.S.; SUZUKI, H.I.; LIMA JR., D.P.; GOMES, L.C. 2009 Effects of the hydrological regime on the ichthyofauna of riverine environments of the upper Paraná River floodplain. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 69(2, Suppl.): 669-680.
FRANCO DE CAMARGO, S.A. e PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 2001 Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of middle São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 8: 163-171.
GOMES, L.C. e AGOSTINHO, A.A. 1997 Influence of the flooding regime on the nutritional state and juvenile recruitment of the curimba, Prochilodus scrofa, Steindachner, in Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, New York, 4: 263í 274.
GOMES, L.C.; MIRANDA, L.E.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2002 Fishery yield relative to chlorophyll a in reservoirs of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil.Fisheries Research, Amsterdam, 55: 335-340.
HALLS, A.S. e WELCOMME, R.L. 2004 Dynamic of River fish populations in response to
hydrological conditions: a simulation study. River Research and Applications, New York, 20:985-1000.
HALLS, A.S.; KIRKWOOD, G.P.; PAYNE, A.I. 2001 A dynamic pool model for floodplain-River fisheries. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź,1(3): 323í 339.
HSIEH, C.; REISS, C.S.; HUNTER, J.R.;BEDDINGTON, J.R.; MAY, R.M.; SUGIHARA,G. 2006 Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species. Nature, London,443: 859-862.
IBGE - INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA 1990 Geografia do Brasil Rio de Janeiro: Editora IBGE. Região Sul. v.2. 236p.
JUNK, W.J.; BAYLEY, P.B.; SPARKS, R.E. 1989 The flood pulse concept in River-floodplain systems.Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, Ottawa, 106: 110-127.
LOWE-MCCONNELL, R.H. 1987 Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 382p.
LUIZ, E.A.; GASPAR DA LUZ, K.D.; COSTA, R.S.;LATINI, J.D.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F.; GOMES,
L.C. 2004 Structure of the fish assemblage in biotopes and subsystems of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. In: AGOSTINHO, A.A.;RODRIGUES, L.; GOMES, L.C.; THOMAZ, S.M.; MIRANDA, L.E. Structure and functioning of the Paraná River ans its floodplain í LTER 6. Maringá:Eduem. p.117-123.
MARMULLA, G. 2001 Dams, fish and fisheries:opportunities, challenges and conflict resolution. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 166p.
NEIFF, J.J. 1990 Ideas for an ecological interpretation of the Paraná. Interciencia, Caracas, 156: 424-441.
OKADA, E.K.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.2005 Spatial and temporal gradients in the artisanal fisheries of a large Neotropical reservoir, the Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Ottawa,62: 714-724.
PELICICE, F.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C. 2005 Biodiversidade e conservação de peixes na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Caderno de Biodiversidade, Curitiba, 22: 180-188.
PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M. 1989 River fisheries in Brazil:a review. Regulated Rivers:research and management, New York, 4: 1-16.
PETRERE JíÅ¡NIOR, M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; JíÅ¡LIO JíÅ¡NIOR, H.F. 2002 Review of the fisheries in the Brazilian portion of the Paraná/Pantanal basin.In: COWX, I.G. Management and ecology of lake and reservoir fisheries. Oxford: Fishing New
Books. p.123-143.
PETRY, A.C.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; GOMES, L.C.2003 Fish assemblages of tropical floodplain lagoons: exploring the role of connectivity in a dry year. Neotropical Ichthyology, Porto Alegre, 1:111-119.
SUZUKI, H.I.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; BAILY, D.;GIMENES, M.F.; JíÅ¡LIO-JUNIOR, H.F.; GOMES,L.C. 2009 Inter-annual variations in the abundance of young-of-the-year of migratory fishes in the Upper Paraná River floodplain: relations with hydrographic attributes. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 69(2, Suppl.): 649-660.
VALBO-JíËœRGENSEN, J. e POULSEN, A.F. 2000 Using local knowledge as a research tool in the study of River fish biology: experiences from the Mekong. Environmental, Development and Sustainability, Berlim, 2: 253-276.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A.; HAHN, N.S. 1997a A Planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos fisicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos.Maringá: Eduem, 460p.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M.; SUZUKI, H.I.; MARQUES,E.E.; LIZAMA, M.A.P. 1997b Primeira
maturação gonadal, períodos e áreas de reprodução. In: VAZZOLER, A.E.A. de M.;
AGOSTINHO, A.A.; HAHN, N.S. A Planície de inundaçãodo Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos fisicos,biológicos e socioeconômicos. Maringá: Eduem.p.249-265.
WELCOMME, R.L. 1985 River fisheries. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 330p.
WELCOMME, R.L. e HALLS, A. 2001 Some considerations of the effects of differences in flood patterns on fish populations. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology, ÅÂódź, 1: 313-321
WELCOMME, R.L. e HALLS, A.S. 2004 Dependence of tropical River fisheries on flow. In:
WELCOMME, R. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries. Bangkok FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific: RAP Publication, p.267-283.
WINEMILLER, K.O. 2003 Floodplain River food webs: generalizations and implications for fisheries management. In: WELCOMME, R.L. e PETR, T. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries. Bangkok Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Mekong River Commission: RAP Publication. p.285-31.
ZAR, J.H. 1999 Biostatistical Analysis, 4a ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 960p.
Downloads
Published
2018-11-10
Issue
Section
Scientific Article
