Adaptando-se para a sustentabilidade: compreendendo a dinâmica populacional de camarões-marinhos e a otimização do rendimento em águas costeiras brasileiras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2026.52.e929Palavras-chave:
Pesca de camarão, Rendimento por recruta, Avaliação de estoque, Gestão da pesca, Camarão-marinhoResumo
Compreender o impacto dos padrões de exploração sobre o rendimento é crucial para garantir a sustentabilidade das atividades pesqueiras, no entanto a disponibilidade de dados pode dificultar a avaliação da proximidade dos recursos à exploração ótima. Reunimos parâmetros simples do ciclo de vida de estoques de camarão no Brasil utilizando dados publicados e aplicamos um modelo de rendimento por recruta para determinar as combinações ótimas de comprimento da primeira captura e mortalidade por pesca para maximizar o rendimento. Avaliamos cinco espécies de camarão-marinho, Farfantepenaeus subtilis, F. brasiliensis, F. paulensis, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri e Litopenaeus schmitti, distribuídas em quatro grandes regiões brasileiras (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul). Um padrão claro emergiu: os estoques no nordeste apresentaram alta produtividade, com comprimentos de primeira captura e taxas de mortalidade por pesca adequados e apenas alguns casos 12% abaixo do nível ótimo. Em contraste, a Região Sudeste apresentou situações mais preocupantes. Essas pescarias empregaram comprimentos de primeira captura muito pequenos, capturando indivíduos em estágios iniciais de vida, abaixo do comprimento da primeira maturação, prejudicando a reprodução e a reposição dos estoques. Combinado com altas taxas de mortalidade por pesca, isso resultou em rendimentos 37% abaixo do ideal, indicando sinais de sobrepesca de crescimento.
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