THE IMPORTANCE OF FREE STRETCHES IN A DAMMED RIVER TO THE MAINTENANCE OF Schizodon intermedius POPULATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.1.403Keywords:
fish migration, damming impacts, fisheries ecology, neotropical ichthyofauna, fisheries resourcesAbstract
This paper focuses on to evaluate the importance of a free stretches upstream of a Neotropical reservoir for the maintenance of Schizodon intermedius populations, a medium size migratory species and important fisheries resources. Quarterly samplings were carried out in 8 sampling sites, distributed in Jurumirim Reservoir and two tributaries upstream reservoir. Reproductive, populational and feeding strategies were used to evaluate the importance of each sample area in the biological cycle of this species. Results showed that S. intermedius makes different uses of the sites. In the rainy season, individuals in the lower areas presented higher condition factor and average repletion degree of stomach, assuming that are used for growth and feeding and; in the upper areas, higher size and GSi values, suggesting that are reproductive area. We conclude that Schizodon intermedius uses lentic areas to gain energy in dry season, and in the rainy season, uses this energy to migrate to lotic stretches to reproduction. The stretches upstream free of dam are essential for this migratory species maintain viable populations in an environment impaired by dams.
References
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Agostinho, A. A.; Gomes, L. C.; Veríssimo, S.; Okada, E. K. 2004. Flood regime, dam regulation and fish in the Upper Paraná River: effects on assemblage attributes, reproduction and recruitment. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14(1): 11í 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-3551-y.
Agostinho, A. A.; Pelicice, F. M.; Gomes, L. C. 2007. Ecologia e manejo de recursos pesqueiros em reservatórios do Brasil (EDUEM). Maringá. 501 p.
Agostinho, A. A.; Pelicice, F. M.; Gomes, L. C. 2008. Dams and the fish fauna of the Neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4): 1119í 1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019.
Angulo-Valencia, M. A.; Agostinho, A. A.; Suzuki, H. I.; Luz-Agostinho, K. D. G.; Agostinho, C. S. 2016. Impoundments affect fish reproduction regardless of reproductive strategy. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 21(4): 362í 374. https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12151.
Araújo, E. S.; Marques, E. E.; Freitas, I. S.; Neuberger, A. L.; Fernandes, R.; Pelicice, F. M. 2013. Changes in distance decay relationships after river regulation: similarity among fish assemblages in a large Amazonian river. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 22(4): 543í 552. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12054.
Barthem, R. B., Goulding, M., Leite, R. G., Caí±as, C., Forsberg, B., Venticinque, E., Petry, P.; Ribeiro, M. L. B.; Chuctaya, J.; Mercado, A. 2017. Goliath catfish spawning in the far western Amazon confirmed by the distribution of mature adults, drifting larvae and migrating juveniles. Scientific Reports, 7: 41784. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41784.
Baumgartner, G.; Nakatani, K.; Gomes, L.; Bialetzki, A.; Sanches, P. 2004. Identification of spawning sites and natural nurseries of fishes in the upper Paraná River, Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 71(2): 115í 125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0098-z.
Carvalho, E. D.; Fujihara, C. Y.; Henry, R. 1998. Study on the ichthyofauna of the Jurumirim reservoir (Paranapanema River, São Paulo State, Brazil): fish production and dominant species in three sites. Verhandlungen Des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 26: 2199í 2202.
da Silva, P. S.; Makrakis, M. C.; Miranda, L. E.; Makrakis, S.; Assumpção, L.; Paula, S.; Dias, J. H. P.; Marques, H. 2015. Importance of Reservoir Tributaries to Spawning of Migratory Fish in the Upper Paraná River. River Research and Applications, 31(3): 313í 322. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2755.
Ferreira, D. G.; Souza-Shibatta, L.; Shibatta, O. A.; Sofia, S. H.; Carlsson, J.; Dias, J. H. P.; Makrakis, S.; Makrakis, M. C. 2017. Genetic structure and diversity of migratory freshwater fish in a fragmented Neotropical river system. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 27(1): 209í 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9441-2.
Henry, R.; Nogueira, M. G.; Pompeo, M. L. M.; Moschini-Carlos, V. 2006. Annual and short-term variability in primary productivity by phytoplankton and correlated abiotic factors in the Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 66(1b): 239í 261. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200008.
Henry, R.; Suiberto, M. R. 2014. Distribuição do ictioplí¢ncton na zona de desembocadura do rio Paranapanema na respresa de Jurumirim. In Represa de Jurumirim: ecologia, modelagem e aspectos sociais. Holos, Ribeirão Preto. p. 307í 324.
Kawakami, E.; Vazzoler, G. 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa de índice alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Boletim Do Instituto Oceanográfico, 29(2): 205í 207. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241980000200043.
Langeani, F.; Castro, R. M. C.; Oyakawa, O. T.; Shibatta, O. A.; Pavanelli, C. S.; Casatti, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do Alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, 7(3): 181í 197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032007000300020.
Lima, F. P.; Nobile, A. B.; Freitas Souza, D.; Siqueira, C. A.; Lemos, C. A.; Abreu-Santos, B.; Santos, J. A. P. 2017. Length-weight relationships for 35 fish species of the Atlantic Forest, SP/RJ-Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(3): 600í 603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13265.
Lizama, M. de L. A. P.; Ambrósio, A. M. 2002. Condition factor in nine species of fish of the Characidae family in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62(1): 113í 124. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000100014.
Makrakis, M. C.; Silva, P. S.; Makrakis, S.; Lima, A. F.; Assumpção, L.; Paula, S.; Ledeburita, M.; Dias, J. H. P. (2012). Spawning and nursery habitats of Neotropical fish species in the tributaries of a regulated river. In: Pourali, K.; Raad, V. N. Larvae: Morphology, Biology and Life Cycle Nova Science Publishers, New York. p. 153í 166).
Nobile, A. B.; Brambilla, E. M.; de Lima, F. P.; Freitas-Souza, D.; Bayona-Perez, I. L.; Carvalho, E. D. 2015. Length-weight relationship of 37 fish species from the Taquari River (Paranapanema Basin, Brazil). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(3): 580í 582. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12761.
Nobile, A. B.; Freitas-Souza, D.; Lima, F. P.; Bayona-Perez, I. L.; Britto, S. G. de C.; David, G. S. 2016. Caracterização dos padrões reprodutivos da ictiofauna. In: Silva, R. J. Integridade ambiental da represa de Jurumirim: Ictiofauna e relações ecológicas Editora Unesp, São Paulo. p. 79í 94.
Nogueira, M. G.; Jorcin, A.; Vianna, N. C.; Brito, Y. C. T.; Britto, Y. C. T. 2006. Reservatórios em cascata e os efeitos na limnologia e organização das comunidades bióticas (fitoplí¢ncton, zooplí¢ncton e zoobentos): Um estudo de caso no rio Paranapanema (SP/PR). In: Nogueira, M. G.; Henry, R.; Jorcin, A.. Ecologias de reservatórios: impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistema em cascata. Rima, São Carlos. p. 83í 152.
Novaes, J. L. C.; Carvalho, E. D. 2009. Recursos pesqueiros oriundos da pesca artesanal no reservatório de Jurumirim, Rio Paranapanema, Alto Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(4): 553í 565.
Novaes, J. L. C.; Carvalho, E. D. 2013. Analysis of artisanal fisheries in two reservoirs of the upper Paraná River basin (Southeastern Brazil). Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(2): 403í 412. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013005000002.
Orsi, M. L.; Britton, J. R. 2014. Long-term changes in the fish assemblage of a neotropical hydroelectric reservoir. Journal of Fish Biology, 84(6): 1964í 1970. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12392.
Orsi, M. L.; Shibatta, O. A. 1999. Crescimento de Schizodon Intermedius Garavello & Britski (Ostheichthyes, Anostomidae) do Rio Tibagi (Sertanópolis, Paraná). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(3): 701í 710. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000300009.
Ortega, J. C. G.; Dias, R. M.; Petry, A. C.; Oliveira, E. F.; Agostinho, A. A. 2015. Spatio-temporal organization patterns in the fish assemblages of a Neotropical floodplain. Hydrobiologia, 745(1): 31í 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2089-9.
Paes, J. V. K.; Queiroz, J.; David, G. S. 2016. Os fatores abióticos. In: Silva, R. J. Integridade ambiental da represa de Jurumirim Ictiofauna e relações ecológicas. Editora Unesp, São Paulo. p. 43í 54.
Pelicice, F. M.; Pompeu, P. S.; Agostinho, A. A. 2015. Large reservoirs as ecological barriers to downstream movements of Neotropical migratory fish. Fish and Fisheries, 16(4): 697í 715. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12089.
Peressin, A.; Gonçalves, C. da S.; Braga, F. M. de S. 2012. Reproductive strategies of two Curimatidae species in a Mogi Guaçu impoundment, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10: 847í 854. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000400018.
Prchalová, M.; KubeÄÂka, J.; ÄÅ’ech, M.; Frouzová, J.; DraÅ¡tík, V.; Hohausová, E.; Jůza, T.; Kratochvíl, M.; MatÄ"ºna, J.; Peterka, J.; ÅËœíha, M.; TuÅ¡er, M.; VaÅ¡ek, M. 2009. The effect of depth, distance from dam and habitat on spatial distribution of fish in an artificial reservoir. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 18(2): 247í 260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00342.x.
Queiroz, J.; Brandão, H.; Britto, S.; Nobile, A. B.; Silva, R. J. 2015. Composition and diversity of the fish assemblages under influence of a gradient river/dam of Taquari River, São Paulo, Brazil. In WIT Transactions on The Built Environment. p. 357í 368. https://doi.org/10.2495/SD150311.
Santos, E. P. (1978). Diní¢mica de populações aplicada í pesca e piscicultura. Hucitec, São Paulo. 129 p.
Shibatta, O. A.; Orsi, M. L.; Bennemann, S. T.; Silva-Souza, A. T. 2003. Diversidade e distribuição de peixes na bacia do rio Tibagi. In: Medri, M. E.; Bianchini, E.; Shibatta, O. A.; Pimenta, J. A. A bacia do rio Tibagi. EDUEL, Londrina. p. 403í 423.
Silva, J. C.; Rosa, R. R.; Galdioli, E. M.; Soares, C. M.; Domingues, W. M.; Veríssimo, S.; Bialetzki, A. 2017. Importance of dam-free stretches for fish reproduction: the last remnant in the Upper Paraná River. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x10216.
Silvano, R. A.; Begossi, A. 2001. Seasonal dynamics of fishery at the Piracicaba River (Brazil). Fisheries Research, 51(1): 69í 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00229-0.
Sturges, H. A. 1926. The Choice of a Class Interval. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 21(153): 65í 66. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1926.10502161.
Tagliani, P.R.; Barbieri, E.; Correia Neto, A. 1992. About a sporadic phenomenon of fish mortality by environmental hypoxia in the Senandes streamlet, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência e Cultura, 44(6): 404-406.
Terra, B. de F.; Santos, A. B. I.; Araújo, F. G. 2010. Fish assemblage in a dammed tropical river: an analysis along the longitudinal and temporal gradients from river to reservoir. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8(3): 599í 606. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000300004.
Vasconcelos, L. P.; Alves, D. C.; Gomes, L. C. 2014. Fish reproductive guilds downstream of dams. Journal of Fish Biology, 85(5): 1489í 1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12501.
Vazzoler, A. E. A. M. 1996. Biologia da Reprodução de peixes Teleósteos: Teoria e Prática. EDUEM, Maringá. 169 p.
Ward, J. V. 1998. Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biological Conservation, 83(3), 269í 278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00083-9.
Agostinho, A. A.; Gomes, L. C.; Veríssimo, S.; Okada, E. K. 2004. Flood regime, dam regulation and fish in the Upper Paraná River: effects on assemblage attributes, reproduction and recruitment. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 14(1): 11í 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-3551-y.
Agostinho, A. A.; Pelicice, F. M.; Gomes, L. C. 2007. Ecologia e manejo de recursos pesqueiros em reservatórios do Brasil (EDUEM). Maringá. 501 p.
Agostinho, A. A.; Pelicice, F. M.; Gomes, L. C. 2008. Dams and the fish fauna of the Neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4): 1119í 1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000500019.
Angulo-Valencia, M. A.; Agostinho, A. A.; Suzuki, H. I.; Luz-Agostinho, K. D. G.; Agostinho, C. S. 2016. Impoundments affect fish reproduction regardless of reproductive strategy. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 21(4): 362í 374. https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12151.
Araújo, E. S.; Marques, E. E.; Freitas, I. S.; Neuberger, A. L.; Fernandes, R.; Pelicice, F. M. 2013. Changes in distance decay relationships after river regulation: similarity among fish assemblages in a large Amazonian river. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 22(4): 543í 552. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12054.
Barthem, R. B., Goulding, M., Leite, R. G., Caí±as, C., Forsberg, B., Venticinque, E., Petry, P.; Ribeiro, M. L. B.; Chuctaya, J.; Mercado, A. 2017. Goliath catfish spawning in the far western Amazon confirmed by the distribution of mature adults, drifting larvae and migrating juveniles. Scientific Reports, 7: 41784. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41784.
Baumgartner, G.; Nakatani, K.; Gomes, L.; Bialetzki, A.; Sanches, P. 2004. Identification of spawning sites and natural nurseries of fishes in the upper Paraná River, Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 71(2): 115í 125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-004-0098-z.
Carvalho, E. D.; Fujihara, C. Y.; Henry, R. 1998. Study on the ichthyofauna of the Jurumirim reservoir (Paranapanema River, São Paulo State, Brazil): fish production and dominant species in three sites. Verhandlungen Des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 26: 2199í 2202.
da Silva, P. S.; Makrakis, M. C.; Miranda, L. E.; Makrakis, S.; Assumpção, L.; Paula, S.; Dias, J. H. P.; Marques, H. 2015. Importance of Reservoir Tributaries to Spawning of Migratory Fish in the Upper Paraná River. River Research and Applications, 31(3): 313í 322. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2755.
Ferreira, D. G.; Souza-Shibatta, L.; Shibatta, O. A.; Sofia, S. H.; Carlsson, J.; Dias, J. H. P.; Makrakis, S.; Makrakis, M. C. 2017. Genetic structure and diversity of migratory freshwater fish in a fragmented Neotropical river system. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 27(1): 209í 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9441-2.
Henry, R.; Nogueira, M. G.; Pompeo, M. L. M.; Moschini-Carlos, V. 2006. Annual and short-term variability in primary productivity by phytoplankton and correlated abiotic factors in the Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 66(1b): 239í 261. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842006000200008.
Henry, R.; Suiberto, M. R. 2014. Distribuição do ictioplí¢ncton na zona de desembocadura do rio Paranapanema na respresa de Jurumirim. In Represa de Jurumirim: ecologia, modelagem e aspectos sociais. Holos, Ribeirão Preto. p. 307í 324.
Kawakami, E.; Vazzoler, G. 1980. Método gráfico e estimativa de índice alimentar aplicado no estudo de alimentação de peixes. Boletim Do Instituto Oceanográfico, 29(2): 205í 207. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241980000200043.
Langeani, F.; Castro, R. M. C.; Oyakawa, O. T.; Shibatta, O. A.; Pavanelli, C. S.; Casatti, L. 2007. Diversidade da ictiofauna do Alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras. Biota Neotropica, 7(3): 181í 197. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032007000300020.
Lima, F. P.; Nobile, A. B.; Freitas Souza, D.; Siqueira, C. A.; Lemos, C. A.; Abreu-Santos, B.; Santos, J. A. P. 2017. Length-weight relationships for 35 fish species of the Atlantic Forest, SP/RJ-Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(3): 600í 603. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13265.
Lizama, M. de L. A. P.; Ambrósio, A. M. 2002. Condition factor in nine species of fish of the Characidae family in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62(1): 113í 124. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842002000100014.
Makrakis, M. C.; Silva, P. S.; Makrakis, S.; Lima, A. F.; Assumpção, L.; Paula, S.; Ledeburita, M.; Dias, J. H. P. (2012). Spawning and nursery habitats of Neotropical fish species in the tributaries of a regulated river. In: Pourali, K.; Raad, V. N. Larvae: Morphology, Biology and Life Cycle Nova Science Publishers, New York. p. 153í 166).
Nobile, A. B.; Brambilla, E. M.; de Lima, F. P.; Freitas-Souza, D.; Bayona-Perez, I. L.; Carvalho, E. D. 2015. Length-weight relationship of 37 fish species from the Taquari River (Paranapanema Basin, Brazil). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(3): 580í 582. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12761.
Nobile, A. B.; Freitas-Souza, D.; Lima, F. P.; Bayona-Perez, I. L.; Britto, S. G. de C.; David, G. S. 2016. Caracterização dos padrões reprodutivos da ictiofauna. In: Silva, R. J. Integridade ambiental da represa de Jurumirim: Ictiofauna e relações ecológicas Editora Unesp, São Paulo. p. 79í 94.
Nogueira, M. G.; Jorcin, A.; Vianna, N. C.; Brito, Y. C. T.; Britto, Y. C. T. 2006. Reservatórios em cascata e os efeitos na limnologia e organização das comunidades bióticas (fitoplí¢ncton, zooplí¢ncton e zoobentos): Um estudo de caso no rio Paranapanema (SP/PR). In: Nogueira, M. G.; Henry, R.; Jorcin, A.. Ecologias de reservatórios: impactos potenciais, ações de manejo e sistema em cascata. Rima, São Carlos. p. 83í 152.
Novaes, J. L. C.; Carvalho, E. D. 2009. Recursos pesqueiros oriundos da pesca artesanal no reservatório de Jurumirim, Rio Paranapanema, Alto Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(4): 553í 565.
Novaes, J. L. C.; Carvalho, E. D. 2013. Analysis of artisanal fisheries in two reservoirs of the upper Paraná River basin (Southeastern Brazil). Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(2): 403í 412. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013005000002.
Orsi, M. L.; Britton, J. R. 2014. Long-term changes in the fish assemblage of a neotropical hydroelectric reservoir. Journal of Fish Biology, 84(6): 1964í 1970. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12392.
Orsi, M. L.; Shibatta, O. A. 1999. Crescimento de Schizodon Intermedius Garavello & Britski (Ostheichthyes, Anostomidae) do Rio Tibagi (Sertanópolis, Paraná). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16(3): 701í 710. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000300009.
Ortega, J. C. G.; Dias, R. M.; Petry, A. C.; Oliveira, E. F.; Agostinho, A. A. 2015. Spatio-temporal organization patterns in the fish assemblages of a Neotropical floodplain. Hydrobiologia, 745(1): 31í 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2089-9.
Paes, J. V. K.; Queiroz, J.; David, G. S. 2016. Os fatores abióticos. In: Silva, R. J. Integridade ambiental da represa de Jurumirim Ictiofauna e relações ecológicas. Editora Unesp, São Paulo. p. 43í 54.
Pelicice, F. M.; Pompeu, P. S.; Agostinho, A. A. 2015. Large reservoirs as ecological barriers to downstream movements of Neotropical migratory fish. Fish and Fisheries, 16(4): 697í 715. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12089.
Peressin, A.; Gonçalves, C. da S.; Braga, F. M. de S. 2012. Reproductive strategies of two Curimatidae species in a Mogi Guaçu impoundment, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10: 847í 854. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000400018.
Prchalová, M.; KubeÄÂka, J.; ÄÅ’ech, M.; Frouzová, J.; DraÅ¡tík, V.; Hohausová, E.; Jůza, T.; Kratochvíl, M.; MatÄ"ºna, J.; Peterka, J.; ÅËœíha, M.; TuÅ¡er, M.; VaÅ¡ek, M. 2009. The effect of depth, distance from dam and habitat on spatial distribution of fish in an artificial reservoir. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 18(2): 247í 260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00342.x.
Queiroz, J.; Brandão, H.; Britto, S.; Nobile, A. B.; Silva, R. J. 2015. Composition and diversity of the fish assemblages under influence of a gradient river/dam of Taquari River, São Paulo, Brazil. In WIT Transactions on The Built Environment. p. 357í 368. https://doi.org/10.2495/SD150311.
Santos, E. P. (1978). Diní¢mica de populações aplicada í pesca e piscicultura. Hucitec, São Paulo. 129 p.
Shibatta, O. A.; Orsi, M. L.; Bennemann, S. T.; Silva-Souza, A. T. 2003. Diversidade e distribuição de peixes na bacia do rio Tibagi. In: Medri, M. E.; Bianchini, E.; Shibatta, O. A.; Pimenta, J. A. A bacia do rio Tibagi. EDUEL, Londrina. p. 403í 423.
Silva, J. C.; Rosa, R. R.; Galdioli, E. M.; Soares, C. M.; Domingues, W. M.; Veríssimo, S.; Bialetzki, A. 2017. Importance of dam-free stretches for fish reproduction: the last remnant in the Upper Paraná River. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x10216.
Silvano, R. A.; Begossi, A. 2001. Seasonal dynamics of fishery at the Piracicaba River (Brazil). Fisheries Research, 51(1): 69í 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00229-0.
Sturges, H. A. 1926. The Choice of a Class Interval. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 21(153): 65í 66. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1926.10502161.
Tagliani, P.R.; Barbieri, E.; Correia Neto, A. 1992. About a sporadic phenomenon of fish mortality by environmental hypoxia in the Senandes streamlet, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência e Cultura, 44(6): 404-406.
Terra, B. de F.; Santos, A. B. I.; Araújo, F. G. 2010. Fish assemblage in a dammed tropical river: an analysis along the longitudinal and temporal gradients from river to reservoir. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8(3): 599í 606. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000300004.
Vasconcelos, L. P.; Alves, D. C.; Gomes, L. C. 2014. Fish reproductive guilds downstream of dams. Journal of Fish Biology, 85(5): 1489í 1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12501.
Vazzoler, A. E. A. M. 1996. Biologia da Reprodução de peixes Teleósteos: Teoria e Prática. EDUEM, Maringá. 169 p.
Ward, J. V. 1998. Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biological Conservation, 83(3), 269í 278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00083-9.
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2019-02-13
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