Vulnerabilidade de espécies capturadas pela pesca de emalhe-de-fundo no Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: produtividade-suscetibilidade (PSA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n1p119Palavras-chave:
peixe-sapo, Lophiusgas trophysus, bento-pelágica, talude, sudeste-sul do BrasilResumo
Durante a última década, a pescaria de emalhe dirigida ao peixe-sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) desenvolveu-se sobre o talude do sudeste-sul do Brasil, provocando capturas incidentais bento-pelágicas, principalmente de peixes. Com o intuito de avaliar o impacto causado pela pesca foi utilizada a Análise de Produtividade-Suscetibilidade-PSA com as informações obtidas durante as operações de pesca em 2001. De acordo com as espécies de peixe nas capturas, foi estabelecido um conjunto de atributos qualitativos ou semiquantitativos relacionados í "produtividade†das mesmas e sua "suscetibilidade†í pesca de emalhe profundo. Estes atributos foram ranqueados em três categorias, "alto†(3),"médio†(2) e "baixo†(1). Os escores médios obtidos pelos indicadores de produtividade para elasmobrí¢nquios (1,32) foram inferiores í queles obtidos para teleósteos (1,88). Em termos de suscetibilidade, ambos os grupos de peixes apresentaram índices próximos, com valores médios de 2,00(elasmobrí¢nquios)e 1,96 (teleósteos). Dentre as mais vulneráveis ao emalhe-de-fundo estão os elasmobrí¢nquios: Dipturus trachyderma, Echinorhinus brucus, Squalus megalops, Squatina argentina, Atlantoraja castelnaui e Torpedo puelcha. Algumas espécies, valiosas como Urophycis mystacea,Merluccius hubbsie o próprio peixe-sapo estiveram capturados de maior vulnerabilidade. A abordagem da PSA proporciona uma base empírica qualitativa na avaliação dos impactos ecossistêmicos das pescarias, priorizando espécies que necessitam de ações de manejo, incluindo aquelas que seus dados populacionais são escassos ou inexistem.
Referências
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DRANSFELD, L.; GERRITSEN, H. D.; HAREIDE, N. R.; LORANCE, P. 2013. Assessing the risk ofvulnerable species exposure to deepwater trawl fisheries: The case of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus to the west of Ireland and Britain. Aquatic Living Resources, 26: 307-318.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.; PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000. Fishery stability, local extinctions and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
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FROESE, R. and BINOHLAN, C. 2000. Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic lenght, lenghtat first maturity and age at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with simple method to evaluate length frequency data. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(4): 758-773.
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NEAT, F.; KYNE, P.; BAKER, K.; FIGUEIREDO, I.; PEREZ, J.A.A.; REVENGA, C. 2010. Applying a basic productivity-susceptibility analysis to a complex deepwater mixed trawl fishery in the Northeast Atlantic. In: Can ecossistem-based deepsea fishing be sustained? Neuville-Bosc, França, 31ago-3set/2010. Report. The University of Maine. p.35-51.
PATRICK, W.S.; SPENCER, P.; ORSMETH, O.; COPE, J.; FIELD, J.; KOBAYASHI, D.; GEDAMKE, T.; CORTÉS, E.; BIGELOW, K.; OVERHOLTZ, W.; LINK, J.; LAWSON, P. 2009. Use of productivity and susceptibility indices to determine stock vulnerability, with example applications to six U.S. fisheries. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-101, 90p.
PEREZ, J.A.A. 2006. Potenciais rendimentos dos alvos da pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil estimados a partir de parí¢metros do ciclo de vida. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology. Itajaí: UNIVALI, 10(2): 1-11.
PEREZ, J.A.A. e PEZZUTO, P.R. 2006. A pesca de arrasto de talude no sudeste e sul do Brasil: tendências da frota nacional entre 2001 e 2003. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 32: 127-150.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; and WAHRLICH, R. 2005. A bycatch assessment of the gillnet monkfish Lophiusgas trophysus fishery off southern Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72: 81-95.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; ANDRADE, H.A. 2005. Biomass assessment of the monkfish Lophiusgas trophysus stock exploited by a new deep fishery in southern Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72: 149-162.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; WAHRLICH, R.; SOARES, A.L.S. 2009. Deep-water fisheries in Brazil: history status and perspectives. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Resources, 37(3): 513-542.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; LOPES, F.R.A. 2002a. Estrutura e diní¢mica da pescaria do peixe-sapo Lophiusgas trophysus no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 28(2): 205-231.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; ANDRADE, H.A.; SCHWINGEL, P.R.; RODRIGUES-RIBEIRO, M.; WAHRLICH, R. 2002b. O ordenamento de uma nova pescaria direcionada ao peixe-sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) no sudeste e sul do Brasil.
Notas Técnicas da FACIMAR, 6: 65-83.
PIO, V.M. 2011. A pesca industrial de emalhe de fundo em Santa Catarina-Brasil: Diní¢mica, tecnologia, economia e gestão. Itajaí. 101p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, PPGCTA). Disponível em: http://www6.univali.br/tede/.
PIO, V.M.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; WAHRLICH, R. 2012. Aspectos tecnológicos das pescarias industriais com rede de emalhar de fundo no estado de Santa Catarina-Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 38(1): 1-14.
ROBERTS, C.M.; HAWKINS, J.P. 1999. Extinction risk in the sea. Trend. Ecol., 14(6): 241-246.
SPARRE, P.; VENEMA, S.C. 1992. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Roma: FAO, 376p.
STOBUTZKI, I.C.; MILLER, M.J.; BREWER, T.D. 2001. Sustainability of fishery bycatch: a process for assessing highly diverse and numerous bycatch. Environmental Conservation, 21(2): 167-181.
STOBUTZKI, I.C.; MILLER, M.J.; HEALES, D.S.; BREWER, T.D. 2002. Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery. Fishery Bulletin, 100: 800-821.
VOOREN, C.M. e KLIPPEL, S. 2005. Biologia e status de conservação dos cações-anjo Squatina guggenhein, S. occulta e S. argentina. cap.4. In: .Ações para a conservação de tubarões e raias no sul do Brasil. Porto Alegre: Igaré, p.57-82.
WAHRLICH, R.; PEREZ, J.A.A.; LOPES, F.R.A. 2004. Aspectos tecnológicos da pesca do Peixe-Sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) com rede de emalhar no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 30: 87-98.
ZHOU, S.; SMITH, T.; FULLER, M. 2007. Rapid quantitative risk assessment for fish species in selected common wealth fisheries. CSIRO. Report to the Australian Fisheries Management Authority
BEVERTON, R.J.H. 1992.Patterns of reproductive strategy parameters in some marine teleost fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 41(B): 137-160.
CORTÉS, E.; AROCHA, F.; BEERKIRCHER, L.; CARVALHO, F.; DOMINGO, A.; HEUPEL, M.; HOLTZHAUSEN, H.; SANTOS, M.N.; RIBERA, M.; SIMPFENDORFER, C. 2010. Ecological risk assessment of pelagic sharks caught in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries. Aquatic Living Resources, 23(1): 25í 34.
DRANSFELD, L.; GERRITSEN, H. D.; HAREIDE, N. R.; LORANCE, P. 2013. Assessing the risk ofvulnerable species exposure to deepwater trawl fisheries: The case of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus to the west of Ireland and Britain. Aquatic Living Resources, 26: 307-318.
DULVY, N.K.; METCALFE, J.D.; GLANVILLE, J.; PAWSON, M.G.; REYNOLDS, J.D. 2000. Fishery stability, local extinctions and shifts in community structure in skates. Conservation Biology, 14: 283-293.
FAO Fisheries Department. 2003. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. 4(2). FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, Rome: FAO. 112p.
FROESE, R. and BINOHLAN, C. 2000. Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic lenght, lenghtat first maturity and age at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with simple method to evaluate length frequency data. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(4): 758-773.
HAIMOVICI, M.; FISCHER, L.G.; ROSSIWONGSTCHOWSKI, C.L.D.B.; ÁVILABERNARDES, R.; SANTOS, R.A.S. 2009. Biomass and fishing potential yield of demersal resources from the outer shelf and slope of southern Brazil.Latin American Journal of Aquatic Resources, 37(3): 395-408.
HOBDAY, A.J.; SMITH, A.; WEBB, H.; DALEY, R.; WAYTE, S.; BULMAN, C.; DOWDNEY, J.; WILLIAMS, A.; SPORCIC, M.; DAMBACHER, J.; FULLER, M.; WALKER, T. 2007. Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing: Methodology.
Report R04/1072 for the Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Camberra. 174p.
HOBDAY, A.J.; SMITH, A.; STOBUTZKI, I.C.; BULMAN, C.; DALEY, R.; DAMBACHER, J.M.; DENG, R.A.; DOWDNEY, J.; FULLER, M.; FURLANI, D.; GRIFFITHS, S.P.; JOHNSON, D.; KENYON, R.; KNUCKEY, I.A.; LING, S.D.; PITCHER, R.; SAINSBURY, K.J.; SPORCIC, M.; SMITH, T.; TURNBULL, C.; WALKER, T.I.; WAYTE, S.E.; WEBB, H.; WILLIAMS, A.; WISE, B.
S.; ZHOU, S. 2011. Ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing. Fisheries Research, 108: 372-384.
HOENIG, J.M. 1983.Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates. Fishery Bulletin, 82: 898-903.
KYNE, P.M. and SIMPFENDORFER, C.A. 2007. A collation and summarization of available data on deep water chondrichthyans: biodiversity, life history and fisheries. IUCN SSG. 137p.
MCEACHRAN, J.D. and CARVALHO, M.R. 2002. Batoid Fishes. IN: CARPENTER, K.E. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes and chimaeras. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. p.507-599.
MERRET, N.R. and HAEDRICH, R.L. 1997. Deep-sea demersal fish and fisheries. Chapman and Hall, London. 281p.
MILTON, D.A. 2001.Assessing the susceptibility to fishing of populations of rare trawl bycatch: Sea snakes caught by Australia’s Northern prawn fishery. Biological Conservation, 101(3): 281-290.
MORATO, T.; WATSON, R.; PITCHER, T.J.; PAULY, D. 2006. Fishing down the deep. Fish and Fisheries, 7: 24-34.
MURUA, H.; ARRIZABALAGA, H.; HUANG, J.H.W.; ROMANOV, E.; BACH, P.; BRUYN, P.; CHAVANCE, P.; MOLINA, A.D.; PIANET, R.; ARIZ, J.; RUIZ, J. 2009. Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) for species caught in fisheries managed by the
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC): first attempt. IOTC-2009-WPEB-20. 11p.
MUSICK, J.A. 1999. Criteria to define extinction risk in marine teleosts. Fisheries, 24(12): 6-14.
NEAT, F.; KYNE, P.; BAKER, K.; FIGUEIREDO, I.; PEREZ, J.A.A.; REVENGA, C. 2010. Applying a basic productivity-susceptibility analysis to a complex deepwater mixed trawl fishery in the Northeast Atlantic. In: Can ecossistem-based deepsea fishing be sustained? Neuville-Bosc, França, 31ago-3set/2010. Report. The University of Maine. p.35-51.
PATRICK, W.S.; SPENCER, P.; ORSMETH, O.; COPE, J.; FIELD, J.; KOBAYASHI, D.; GEDAMKE, T.; CORTÉS, E.; BIGELOW, K.; OVERHOLTZ, W.; LINK, J.; LAWSON, P. 2009. Use of productivity and susceptibility indices to determine stock vulnerability, with example applications to six U.S. fisheries. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-101, 90p.
PEREZ, J.A.A. 2006. Potenciais rendimentos dos alvos da pesca de arrasto de talude do sudeste e sul do Brasil estimados a partir de parí¢metros do ciclo de vida. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology. Itajaí: UNIVALI, 10(2): 1-11.
PEREZ, J.A.A. e PEZZUTO, P.R. 2006. A pesca de arrasto de talude no sudeste e sul do Brasil: tendências da frota nacional entre 2001 e 2003. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 32: 127-150.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; and WAHRLICH, R. 2005. A bycatch assessment of the gillnet monkfish Lophiusgas trophysus fishery off southern Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72: 81-95.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; ANDRADE, H.A. 2005. Biomass assessment of the monkfish Lophiusgas trophysus stock exploited by a new deep fishery in southern Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72: 149-162.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; WAHRLICH, R.; SOARES, A.L.S. 2009. Deep-water fisheries in Brazil: history status and perspectives. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Resources, 37(3): 513-542.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; WAHRLICH, R.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; LOPES, F.R.A. 2002a. Estrutura e diní¢mica da pescaria do peixe-sapo Lophiusgas trophysus no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 28(2): 205-231.
PEREZ, J.A.A.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; ANDRADE, H.A.; SCHWINGEL, P.R.; RODRIGUES-RIBEIRO, M.; WAHRLICH, R. 2002b. O ordenamento de uma nova pescaria direcionada ao peixe-sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) no sudeste e sul do Brasil.
Notas Técnicas da FACIMAR, 6: 65-83.
PIO, V.M. 2011. A pesca industrial de emalhe de fundo em Santa Catarina-Brasil: Diní¢mica, tecnologia, economia e gestão. Itajaí. 101p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, PPGCTA). Disponível em: http://www6.univali.br/tede/.
PIO, V.M.; PEZZUTO, P.R.; WAHRLICH, R. 2012. Aspectos tecnológicos das pescarias industriais com rede de emalhar de fundo no estado de Santa Catarina-Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 38(1): 1-14.
ROBERTS, C.M.; HAWKINS, J.P. 1999. Extinction risk in the sea. Trend. Ecol., 14(6): 241-246.
SPARRE, P.; VENEMA, S.C. 1992. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Roma: FAO, 376p.
STOBUTZKI, I.C.; MILLER, M.J.; BREWER, T.D. 2001. Sustainability of fishery bycatch: a process for assessing highly diverse and numerous bycatch. Environmental Conservation, 21(2): 167-181.
STOBUTZKI, I.C.; MILLER, M.J.; HEALES, D.S.; BREWER, T.D. 2002. Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery. Fishery Bulletin, 100: 800-821.
VOOREN, C.M. e KLIPPEL, S. 2005. Biologia e status de conservação dos cações-anjo Squatina guggenhein, S. occulta e S. argentina. cap.4. In: .Ações para a conservação de tubarões e raias no sul do Brasil. Porto Alegre: Igaré, p.57-82.
WAHRLICH, R.; PEREZ, J.A.A.; LOPES, F.R.A. 2004. Aspectos tecnológicos da pesca do Peixe-Sapo (Lophiusgas trophysus) com rede de emalhar no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 30: 87-98.
ZHOU, S.; SMITH, T.; FULLER, M. 2007. Rapid quantitative risk assessment for fish species in selected common wealth fisheries. CSIRO. Report to the Australian Fisheries Management Authority
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2016-03-30
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