EFEITO DA CAMA DE FRANGO COMO FERTILIZANTE ORGÂNICO NA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA, ABUNDÂNCIA PARASITÁRIA E CRESCIMENTO DE TILÁPIA DO NILO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e622Palavras-chave:
ectoparasite;, immunonutrition;, integrated farming;, plankton;, fish farming.Resumo
A tilápia do Nilo se alimenta de plí¢ncton em ambientes naturais. Esta fonte de alimento pode ser aumentada em tanques por meio da fertilização e pode reduzir os gastos com alimentação ou melhorar o desempenho dos peixes quando usada como alimento suplementar. A fertilização orgí¢nica é uma alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes comerciais, porém aumenta a preocupação com a qualidade da água e aspectos sanitários. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso de cama de frango como fertilizante orgí¢nico nos parí¢metros físicos e químicos da água, na abundí¢ncia de metazoários ectoparasitos branquiais e no crescimento da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) durante o ciclo de cultivo, com duração de 240 dias. O experimento foi realizado em quatro tanques escavados, dois fertilizados com cama de frango e dois tanques não fertilizados, denominados: tratamento fertilizado e não fertilizado, com densidade de estocagem de 3 peixes por m2 e peso inicial médio de 0,64 ± 0,15 g. As médias dos parí¢metros da qualidade da água e o desempenho da tilápia do Nilo não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Os parasitos branquiais encontrados nos peixes pertenciam í classe Monogenea, composta por dois gêneros, Cichlidogyrus e Scutogyrus, mostrando diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O tratamento não fertilizado apresentou maior abundí¢ncia de parasitos ao longo dos meses do ciclo de cultivo, com pico de abundí¢ncia nos meses de menor concentração de oxigênio dissolvido na água.
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Bhatnagar, A.; Garg, S.K. 2000. Causative factors of fish mortality in still water fish ponds under sub-tropical conditions. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 1(2): 91-96.
Boyd, C.E.; Tucker, C.S. 1998. Pond aquaculture water quality management. Boston, USA: Kluwer Academic Publisher. 700p.
Braccini, G.L.; Natali, M.R.M.; Ribeiro, R.P.; Mori, R.H.; Riggo, R.; Oliveira, C.A.; Hildebrandt, J.F.; Vargas, L. 2013. Morpho-functional response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to a homeopathic complex. Homeopathy, 102(4): 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2013.06.002.
Bush, A.O.; Lafferty, K.D.; Lotz, J.M.; Shostak, W. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. The Journal of Parasitology, 83(4): 575-583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284227.
Cyrino, J.E.P.; Bicudo, Á.J.A.; Sado, R.Y.; Borghesi, R.; Dairik, J.K. 2010. A piscicultura e o ambiente: o uso de alimentos ambientalmente corretos em piscicultura. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(suppl spe): 68-87. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010001300009.
Deka, P.M.; Tamuli, K.K.; Bhagabati, S.K.; Borah, S.; Nath, K.D.; Das, P.; Chetia, B.R.; Yadav, A.K.; Mandal, S.C. 2018. Comparative efficacy of different doses of pig dung on the growth performance and survival of Indian major carps fingerlings in rain-fed pond ecosystem. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(1): 594-601.
Dezfuli, B.S.; Giari, L.; Simoni, E.; Menegatti, R.; Shinn, A.P.; Manera, M. 2007. Gill histopathology of cultured European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), infected with Diplectanum aequans (Wagener 1857) Diesing 1958 (Diplectanidae: Monogenea). Parasitology Research, 100(4): 707-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0343-4.
Dhawan, A.; Toor, H.S. 1989. Impact of organic manures or supplementary diet on plankton production and growth and fecundity of an Indian major carp, Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.), in fish ponds. Biological Wastes, 29(4): 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(89)90020-7.
Esteves, F.A. 1998. Fundamentos de limnologia. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciencia. 226p.
FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2010. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture - Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Rome: FAO. 89p.
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Figueiró, C.S.M.; Oliveira, D.B.; Russo, M.R.; Caires, A.R.L.; Rojas, S.S. 2018. Fish farming water quality monitored by optical analysis: the potential application of UVí Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Aquaculture, 490: 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.02.027.
Figueredo, C.C.; Giani, A. 2005. Ecological interactions between Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) and the phytoplanktonic community of the Furnas Reservoir (Brazil). Freshwater Biology, 50(8): 1391-1403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01407.x.
Garg, S.K.; Bhatnagar, A. 1999. Effect of different doses of organic fertilizer (cow dung) on pond productivity and fish biomass in still water ponds. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 15(1): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.1999.00129.x.
Gopalakannan, A.; Arul, V. 2006. Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin, chitosan and levamisole on the immune system of Cyprinus carpio and control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in ponds. Aquaculture, 255(1-4): 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.012.
Green, B.W.; Phelps, R.P.; Alvarenga, H.R. 1989. The effect of manures and chemical fertilizers on the production of Oreochromis niloticus in earthen ponds. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 76(1-2): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90249-4.
Haobijam, J.W.; Ghosh, S. 2018. Integrated pig-fish farming: a case study in imphal west district of Manipur. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(1): 495-499.
Hossain, M.K.; Islam, K.T.; Hossain, M.D.; Rahman, M.H. 2011. Environmental impact assessment of fish diseases on fish production. Journal of Science Foundation, 9(1-2): 125-131. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655.
Jerônimo, G.; Pádua, S.B.; Bampi, D.; Gonçalves, E.; Garcia, P.; Ishikawa, M.M.; Martins, M.L. 2014. Haematological and histopathological analysis in South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by monogenean (Dactylogyridae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 74(4): 1000-1006. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.09513.
Jerônimo, G.T.; Speck, G.M.; Cechinel, M.M.; Gonçalves, E.L.T.; Martins, M.L. 2011. Seasonal variation on the ectoparasitic communities of Nile tilapia cultured in three regions in southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 71(2): 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842011000300005.
Kaatz, S.E.; Morris, J.E.; Rudacille, J.B.; Johnson, J.A.; Clayton, R.D. 2011. Role of organic fertilizers in walleye (Sander vitreus) production in plastic-lined culture ponds. Aquaculture Research, 42(4): 490-498. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02644.x.
Kiron, V. 2012. Fish immune system and its nutritional modulation for preventive health care. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 173(1): 111-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.015.
Kumar, A.; Kumari, M.; Dhami, T. 2019. Effect of different organic manure on the growth of Amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) fingerlings with supplementary feed in the tarai region of Uttarakhand. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7(2): 889-894.
Kumar, M.S.; Binh, T.T.; Luu, L.T.; Clarke, S.M. 2005. Evaluation of fish production using organic and inorganic fertilizer: application to grass carp polyculture. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 17(1): 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v17n01_02.
Landolt, M.L. 1989. The relationship between diet and the immune response of fish. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 79(1-4): 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90461-4.
Lanes, C.F.C.; Bolla, S.; Fernandes, J.M.O.; Nicolaisen, O.; Kiron, V.; Babiak, I. 2012. Nucleotide enrichment of live feed: a promising protocol for rearing of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae. Marine Biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 14(5): 544-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-012-9458-z.
Macedo, C.F.; Sipaúba-Tavares, L.H. 2010. Eutrofização e qualidade da água na piscicultura: consequências e recomendações. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 36(2): 149-163.
Martin, S.A.; Król, E. 2017. Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 75: 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.024.
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2021-09-13
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Nota científica (Short Communication)
