ANÁLISE DA EFICIíÅ NCIA TÉCNICA DE FAZENDAS DE PRODUÇÃO DE ROBALO EUROPEU NA TURQUIA: UMA ABORDAGEM DE FRONTEIRA ESTOCÁSTICA DE PRODUÇÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e642Palavras-chave:
aquaculture, economic analysis, inefficiency, seabass, subsidy, Turkey.Resumo
O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar a eficiência técnica de fazendas de robalo e determinar os fatores que afetam a eficiência de produção usando a abordagem de fronteira estocástica. Os dados foram obtidos em 71 fazendas de robalo em 2017 por meio de questionários. Na produção de robalo, o custo total de produção foi de 5,35 $ kg-1; a receita 5,65 $ kg-1, e o lucro bruto foi de 0,30 $ kg-1. A taxa dos custos variáveis nos custos totais (84,25%) foi superior aos custos fixos (15,75%). O custo da alimentação (57,56%) foi determinado como a variável primária que afeta os custos totais e a relação custo-benefício foi calculada como 1,06. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de eficiência técnica das fazendas de robalo variou de 0,67 a 1,00 e a média foi de 0,82. Os pontos de eficiência significam que as fazendas podem atingir a mesma produção reduzindo os insumos em 18%. Um aumento de 1,0% no valor de vendas, quantidade de ração e produção de peixes juvenis aumentou a produção de robalo em 0,4%, 0,4% e 0,2%, respectivamente. As taxas de perda de peixes e subsídios aumentam a ineficiência. Para minimizar os fatores de risco, como as taxas de perda de peixes, seria benéfico elaborar políticas públicas e organizar atividades de treinamento para melhorar a infraestrutura de produção e comercialização das fazendas. Como resultado, os formuladores de políticas também devem incluir a eficiência dos fatores de produção na elaboração das políticas de subsídio í aquicultura.
Referências
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Ajiboye, B.O.; Adeyonu, A.G.; Bamiro, O.O.; Owolabi, A.O.; Shoyombo, A.J. 2019. Productive efficiency of fish production as a panacea for economic recession among farming household in South-West, Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 14(2): 20-24. https://doi.org/10.36478/aj.2019.20.24.
Aktar, S.S.; Khan, M.A.; Prodhan, M.M.; Mukta, M.A. 2018. Farm size, productivity, and efficiency nexus: The case of pangas fish farming in Bangladesh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 16(3): 513-522. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39449.
Ashley-Dejo, S.S.; Adelajao, A.; Idi-Ogede, A.M.; Omoniyi, I.T.; Olaoye, O.J. 2020. Economic efficiency and profitability of fish hatchery enterprises in Osun State, Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Journal, 51(2): 337-345.
AydoÄŸan, M.; Uysal, O.; Candemir, S.; Terzi, Y.E.; TaÅŸçı, R.; BeÅŸen, T.; í–ztürk, F.P.; Emre, M.; Eralp, í–.; Gündüz, O.; Ceyhan, V. 2020. Economic performance of rainbow trout farming in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(9): 1952-1964. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i9.1952-1964.3587.
Baruwa, O.I.; Omodara, O.D. 2019. Technical efficiency of aquaculture system in Oyo State, Nigeria: Stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Aquatic Research and Marine Sciences, 2(1): 114-120. https://doi.org/10.29199/ARMS.201026.
Battese, G.E.; Coelli, T.J. 1995. A model for technical inefficiency effect in stochastic frontier production for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20: 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01205442.
Battese, G.E.; Corra, G.S. 1977. Estimation of production function model with application to the pastoral zone of eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(3): 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1977.tb00204.x.
Berger, A.N.; Humphrey, D.B. 1997. Efficiency of financial institutions: international survey and directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2): 175-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00342-6.
Bonfiglio, A.; Henke, R.; Pierangeli, F.; Pupo D’Andrea, M.R. 2020. Effects of redistributing policy support on farmers’ technical efficiency. Agricultural Economics, 51(2): 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12556.
BozoÄŸlu, M.; Ceyhan, V. 2009. Energy conversion efficiency of trout and sea bass production in the Black Sea, Turkey. Energy, 34(2): 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.12.001.
CBRT. 2020. Indicative Exchange Rates 1950-2020. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Head Office. Available at: <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2> Accessed: Nov. 9, 2020.
Ceyhan, V.; Gene, H. 2014. Productive efficiency of commercial fishing: evidence from the Samsun Province of Black Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14: 309-320. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_2_02.
Cinemre, H.A.; Ceyhan, V.; BozoÄŸlu, M.; Demiryürek, K.; Kılıç, O. 2006. The cost efficiency of trout farms in the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Aquaculture, 251(2-4): 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.016.
Coelli, T. 1995. Recent developments in frontier estimation and efficiency measurement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 39(3): 219-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1995.tb00552.x.
Coelli, T. 1996. A Guide to Frontier Version 4.1: A computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation. Armidale: CEPA Press. 33p.
DaÄŸtekin, M.; Uysal, O.; Candemir, S.; Genç, Y. 2021. Productive efficiency of the pelagic trawl fisheries in the Southern Black Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 45: 101853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101853.
Emokaro, C.O.; Ekunwe, P.A.; Achille, A. 2010. Profitability and viability of catfish farming in Kogi State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(3): 215-219.
FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016: Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome: FAO. 200p. Available at <http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf> Accessed: Dec. 12, 2020.
Farrell, M.J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120(3): 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100.
Fernández Sánchez, J.L.; Llorente García, I.; Luna, M. 2020. Technical efficiency of sea bass and sea bream farming in the Mediterranean Sea by European firms: a stochastic production frontier (SPF) approach. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 24(4): 526-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2020.1840660.
Filli, F.B.; Audu, I.A.; Ukpe, H.U. 2016. Econometrics of fish production in three local government of Adamawa State, Nigeria. FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 1(1): 233-237.
Halwart, M.; Funge-Smith, S.; Moehl, J. 2003. The role of aquaculture in rural development. In: FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Review of the State of World Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular, no. 886, rev. 2., p. 47-58. Available at: <http://www.fao.org/3/y4490e/y4490e04.pdf> Accessed: Nov. 14, 2020.
Hishamunda, N.; Ridler, N.B.; Bueno, P.; Yap, W.G. 2009. Commercial aquaculture in Southeast Asia: some policy lessons. Food Policy, 34(1): 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.06.006.
Iliyasu, A.; Mohamed, Z.A.; Ismail, M.M.; Amin, A.M.; Mazuki, H. 2016. Technical efficiency of cage fish farming in Peninsular Malaysia: a stochastic frontier production approach. Aquaculture Research, 47(1): 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12474.
Janssen, K.; Berentsen, P.; Besson, M.; Komen, H. 2017. Derivation of economic values for production traits in aquaculture species. Genetics, Selection, Evolution., 49(5): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-016-0278-x.
KeleÅŸtemur, G.T.; Uslu, A.A. 2017. Use of new nutrition materials in fish feeding. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, 1(1): 23-26.
Kıral, T.; KasnakoÄŸlu, H.; Tatlıdil, F.; Fidan, H.; GündoÄŸmuÅŸ, E. 1999. Cost calculation methodology and database guide for agricultural products. Ankara: Agricultural Economics Research Institute. Publication, no. 37, 143p.
Kopp, R.J.; Smith, V.K. 1980. Frontier production function estimations of steam electric generation: a comparative analysis. Southern Economic Journal, 46(4): 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.2307/1057240.
Maaruf, H.T.; Akbay, C. 2020. Economic analysis of fish farming in the northern region of Iraq. Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 23(5): 1257-1269. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.692756.
McDaniels, T.; Longstaff, H.; Dowlatabadi, H. 2006. A value-based framework for risk management decisions involving multiple scales: a salmon aquaculture example. Environmental Science & Policy, 9(5): 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.03.005.
Meeusen, W.; Van Den Broeck, J. 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18(2): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525757.
Minviel, J.J.; Latruffe, L. 2017. Effect of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: a meta-analysis of empirical results. Applied Economics, 49(2): 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1194963.
Mkuna, E.; Baiyegunhi, L.J. 2019. Analysis of the technical efficiency of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fishers in the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria: a stochastic frontier analysis. Lakes & Reservoirs, 24(3): 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12274.
Namonje-Kapembwa, T.; Samboko, P. 2020. Is aquaculture production by small-scale farmers profitable in Zambia? International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 12(1): 6-20. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA2019.0737.
Nash, C.E.; Iwamoto, R.N.; Mahnken, C.V. 2000. Aquaculture risk management and marine mammal interactions in the Pacific Northwest. Aquaculture, 183(3-4): 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00300-2.
Newbold, P. 1995. Statistics for business & economics. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall. 792p.
Official Gazette. 2015. Support communique for fishery products. Presidency of The Republic of Turkey. [online] URL: <https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/05/20150524-9.htm>
Onumah, E.E.; Onumah, J.A.; Onumah, G.E. 2018. Production risk and technical efficiency of fish farms in Ghana. Aquaculture, 495: 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.033.
Sharma, K.R.; Leung, P.; Chen, H.; Peterson, A. 1999. Economic efficiency and optimum stocking densities in fish polyculture: an application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to Chinese fish farms. Aquaculture, 180(3-4): 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00202-1.
Sharma, T.; Dhakal, S.C.; Kattel, R.R.; Gharti, K.; Lamichhane, J. 2018. Economics of fish production at Chitwan district, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1(1): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22219.
Subasinghe, R.P. 2003. An outlook for aquaculture development: Major issues, opportunities and challenges. in Review of the state of world aquaculture. Rome: FAO Fisheries Department/FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. vol. 886. Available at: <http://www.fao.org/3/y4490E/y4490E02.pdf> Accessed: Nov. 16, 2020.
Theodoridis, A.; Batzios, C.; Ragkos, A.; Angelidis, P. 2017. Technical efficiency measurement of mussel aquaculture in Greece. Aquaculture International, 25(3): 1025-1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0092-z.
Tunde, A.B.; Kuton, M.; Oladipo, A.A.; Olasunkanmi, L.H. 2015. Economic analyze of costs and return of fish farming in Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6(2): 306. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000306.
TurkStat. 2019. Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. [online] URL: <https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr>
TurkStat. 2020. Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. [online] URL <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1>
Vinh, N.P.; Huang, C.T.; Hsiao, Y.J.; Hieu, T.K.; Chen, L.H. 2020. Data envelopment analysis for production efficiency improvement: An empirical application on brine shrimp Artemia Franciscan culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture Research, 51(7): 2985-2996. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14636.
Yin, X.; Zhu, X.; Zhou, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, A.; Liao, X. 2017. Technical efficiency of carp polyculture production in Jiangsu, China: a ray stochastic frontier production approach. Aquaculture Research, 48(4): 1629-1637. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12998.
Ajiboye, B.O.; Adeyonu, A.G.; Bamiro, O.O.; Owolabi, A.O.; Shoyombo, A.J. 2019. Productive efficiency of fish production as a panacea for economic recession among farming household in South-West, Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 14(2): 20-24. https://doi.org/10.36478/aj.2019.20.24.
Aktar, S.S.; Khan, M.A.; Prodhan, M.M.; Mukta, M.A. 2018. Farm size, productivity, and efficiency nexus: The case of pangas fish farming in Bangladesh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 16(3): 513-522. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39449.
Ashley-Dejo, S.S.; Adelajao, A.; Idi-Ogede, A.M.; Omoniyi, I.T.; Olaoye, O.J. 2020. Economic efficiency and profitability of fish hatchery enterprises in Osun State, Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Journal, 51(2): 337-345.
AydoÄŸan, M.; Uysal, O.; Candemir, S.; Terzi, Y.E.; TaÅŸçı, R.; BeÅŸen, T.; í–ztürk, F.P.; Emre, M.; Eralp, í–.; Gündüz, O.; Ceyhan, V. 2020. Economic performance of rainbow trout farming in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(9): 1952-1964. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i9.1952-1964.3587.
Baruwa, O.I.; Omodara, O.D. 2019. Technical efficiency of aquaculture system in Oyo State, Nigeria: Stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Aquatic Research and Marine Sciences, 2(1): 114-120. https://doi.org/10.29199/ARMS.201026.
Battese, G.E.; Coelli, T.J. 1995. A model for technical inefficiency effect in stochastic frontier production for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20: 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01205442.
Battese, G.E.; Corra, G.S. 1977. Estimation of production function model with application to the pastoral zone of eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(3): 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1977.tb00204.x.
Berger, A.N.; Humphrey, D.B. 1997. Efficiency of financial institutions: international survey and directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2): 175-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00342-6.
Bonfiglio, A.; Henke, R.; Pierangeli, F.; Pupo D’Andrea, M.R. 2020. Effects of redistributing policy support on farmers’ technical efficiency. Agricultural Economics, 51(2): 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12556.
BozoÄŸlu, M.; Ceyhan, V. 2009. Energy conversion efficiency of trout and sea bass production in the Black Sea, Turkey. Energy, 34(2): 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.12.001.
CBRT. 2020. Indicative Exchange Rates 1950-2020. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Head Office. Available at: <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2> Accessed: Nov. 9, 2020.
Ceyhan, V.; Gene, H. 2014. Productive efficiency of commercial fishing: evidence from the Samsun Province of Black Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14: 309-320. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_2_02.
Cinemre, H.A.; Ceyhan, V.; BozoÄŸlu, M.; Demiryürek, K.; Kılıç, O. 2006. The cost efficiency of trout farms in the Black Sea Region, Turkey. Aquaculture, 251(2-4): 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.016.
Coelli, T. 1995. Recent developments in frontier estimation and efficiency measurement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 39(3): 219-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1995.tb00552.x.
Coelli, T. 1996. A Guide to Frontier Version 4.1: A computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation. Armidale: CEPA Press. 33p.
DaÄŸtekin, M.; Uysal, O.; Candemir, S.; Genç, Y. 2021. Productive efficiency of the pelagic trawl fisheries in the Southern Black Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 45: 101853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101853.
Emokaro, C.O.; Ekunwe, P.A.; Achille, A. 2010. Profitability and viability of catfish farming in Kogi State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(3): 215-219.
FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016: Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome: FAO. 200p. Available at <http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf> Accessed: Dec. 12, 2020.
Farrell, M.J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120(3): 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100.
Fernández Sánchez, J.L.; Llorente García, I.; Luna, M. 2020. Technical efficiency of sea bass and sea bream farming in the Mediterranean Sea by European firms: a stochastic production frontier (SPF) approach. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 24(4): 526-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2020.1840660.
Filli, F.B.; Audu, I.A.; Ukpe, H.U. 2016. Econometrics of fish production in three local government of Adamawa State, Nigeria. FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 1(1): 233-237.
Halwart, M.; Funge-Smith, S.; Moehl, J. 2003. The role of aquaculture in rural development. In: FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Review of the State of World Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular, no. 886, rev. 2., p. 47-58. Available at: <http://www.fao.org/3/y4490e/y4490e04.pdf> Accessed: Nov. 14, 2020.
Hishamunda, N.; Ridler, N.B.; Bueno, P.; Yap, W.G. 2009. Commercial aquaculture in Southeast Asia: some policy lessons. Food Policy, 34(1): 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.06.006.
Iliyasu, A.; Mohamed, Z.A.; Ismail, M.M.; Amin, A.M.; Mazuki, H. 2016. Technical efficiency of cage fish farming in Peninsular Malaysia: a stochastic frontier production approach. Aquaculture Research, 47(1): 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12474.
Janssen, K.; Berentsen, P.; Besson, M.; Komen, H. 2017. Derivation of economic values for production traits in aquaculture species. Genetics, Selection, Evolution., 49(5): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-016-0278-x.
KeleÅŸtemur, G.T.; Uslu, A.A. 2017. Use of new nutrition materials in fish feeding. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, 1(1): 23-26.
Kıral, T.; KasnakoÄŸlu, H.; Tatlıdil, F.; Fidan, H.; GündoÄŸmuÅŸ, E. 1999. Cost calculation methodology and database guide for agricultural products. Ankara: Agricultural Economics Research Institute. Publication, no. 37, 143p.
Kopp, R.J.; Smith, V.K. 1980. Frontier production function estimations of steam electric generation: a comparative analysis. Southern Economic Journal, 46(4): 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.2307/1057240.
Maaruf, H.T.; Akbay, C. 2020. Economic analysis of fish farming in the northern region of Iraq. Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 23(5): 1257-1269. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.692756.
McDaniels, T.; Longstaff, H.; Dowlatabadi, H. 2006. A value-based framework for risk management decisions involving multiple scales: a salmon aquaculture example. Environmental Science & Policy, 9(5): 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2006.03.005.
Meeusen, W.; Van Den Broeck, J. 1977. Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18(2): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.2307/2525757.
Minviel, J.J.; Latruffe, L. 2017. Effect of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: a meta-analysis of empirical results. Applied Economics, 49(2): 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1194963.
Mkuna, E.; Baiyegunhi, L.J. 2019. Analysis of the technical efficiency of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fishers in the Tanzanian portion of Lake Victoria: a stochastic frontier analysis. Lakes & Reservoirs, 24(3): 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12274.
Namonje-Kapembwa, T.; Samboko, P. 2020. Is aquaculture production by small-scale farmers profitable in Zambia? International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 12(1): 6-20. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA2019.0737.
Nash, C.E.; Iwamoto, R.N.; Mahnken, C.V. 2000. Aquaculture risk management and marine mammal interactions in the Pacific Northwest. Aquaculture, 183(3-4): 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00300-2.
Newbold, P. 1995. Statistics for business & economics. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall. 792p.
Official Gazette. 2015. Support communique for fishery products. Presidency of The Republic of Turkey. [online] URL: <https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/05/20150524-9.htm>
Onumah, E.E.; Onumah, J.A.; Onumah, G.E. 2018. Production risk and technical efficiency of fish farms in Ghana. Aquaculture, 495: 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.033.
Sharma, K.R.; Leung, P.; Chen, H.; Peterson, A. 1999. Economic efficiency and optimum stocking densities in fish polyculture: an application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to Chinese fish farms. Aquaculture, 180(3-4): 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00202-1.
Sharma, T.; Dhakal, S.C.; Kattel, R.R.; Gharti, K.; Lamichhane, J. 2018. Economics of fish production at Chitwan district, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1(1): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22219.
Subasinghe, R.P. 2003. An outlook for aquaculture development: Major issues, opportunities and challenges. in Review of the state of world aquaculture. Rome: FAO Fisheries Department/FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. vol. 886. Available at: <http://www.fao.org/3/y4490E/y4490E02.pdf> Accessed: Nov. 16, 2020.
Theodoridis, A.; Batzios, C.; Ragkos, A.; Angelidis, P. 2017. Technical efficiency measurement of mussel aquaculture in Greece. Aquaculture International, 25(3): 1025-1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0092-z.
Tunde, A.B.; Kuton, M.; Oladipo, A.A.; Olasunkanmi, L.H. 2015. Economic analyze of costs and return of fish farming in Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 6(2): 306. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000306.
TurkStat. 2019. Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. [online] URL: <https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr>
TurkStat. 2020. Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. [online] URL <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1>
Vinh, N.P.; Huang, C.T.; Hsiao, Y.J.; Hieu, T.K.; Chen, L.H. 2020. Data envelopment analysis for production efficiency improvement: An empirical application on brine shrimp Artemia Franciscan culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Aquaculture Research, 51(7): 2985-2996. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14636.
Yin, X.; Zhu, X.; Zhou, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, A.; Liao, X. 2017. Technical efficiency of carp polyculture production in Jiangsu, China: a ray stochastic frontier production approach. Aquaculture Research, 48(4): 1629-1637. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12998.
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2021-10-13
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