Análise comparativa de três diferentes tipos de isca utilizados no espinhel pelágico de profundidade no Oceano Atlí¢ntico Equatorial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2022.48.e678Palavras-chave:
Bigeye tuna, bycatch, GLM, selectivity, Yellowfin tunaResumo
A escolha da isca é uma das estratégias utilizadas para aumentar a seletividade para espécies-alvo com espinhel pelágico. O desempenho de três tipos de isca (cavala, sardinha e lula) foi avaliado em um barco de pesca comercial, operando no Oceano Atlí¢ntico Equatorial usando o espinhel pelágico de profundidade para captura de tunídeos. O efeito de diferentes fatores e covariáveis sobre a Captura por Unidade de Esforço - CPUE das espécies-alvo foi avaliado por meio de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM). Em 121 lances de espinhel usando os três tipos de isca, foram capturados 2385 indivíduos das espécies-alvo de atum, 1166 albacora laje e 1219 albacora bandolim. Os resultados sugerem uma preferência entre os tipos de isca para cada espécie-alvo. Com a albacora laje sendo principalmente capturada pelos anzóis utilizando lula e a albacora bandolim pelos anzóis utilizando com isca de cavala e sardinhas. As capturas acidentais representaram em torno de 11,15%. A combinação de isca e profundidade para albacora laje resultou em um aumento de captura utilizando cavala em profundidade intermediária. No caso da albacora bandolim resultou em uma redução de captura utilizando cavala em profundidades intermediarias. Esses resultados fornecerão informações importantes para a escolha da isca mais eficiente para a operação de pesca com espinhel pelágico de profundidade e auxiliarão nas decisões futuras de gestão pesqueira.
Referências
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Brill, R.W.; Block, B.A.; Boggs, C.H.; Bigelow, K.A.; Freund, E.V.; Marcinek, D.J. 1999. Horizontal movements and depth distribution of large adult yellowï¬Ân tuna (Thunnus albacares) near the Hawaiian Islands, recorded using ultrasonic telemetry: implications for the physiological ecology of pelagic ï¬Âshes. Marine Biology, 133: 395-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050478.
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Coelho, R.; Santos, M. N.; Amorim S. 2012. Effects of hook and bait on targeted and bycatch fishes in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 449-467. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1064.
Dagorn, L.; Bach, P.; Josse, E. 2000. Movement patterns of large bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the open ocean, determined using ultrasonic telemetry. Marine Biology, 136(2): 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050694.
Da Silva G.B.; Hazin H.G.; Hazin F.H.V.; Vaskeâ€ÂJr T. 2019. Diet composition of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) caught on aggregated schools in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 35(5): 1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13949.
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Foster, D.G.; Epperly, S.P.; Shah, A.K.; Watson, J.W. 2012. Evaluation of hook and bait type on the catch rates in the western North Atlantic Ocean pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 529-545. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1081.
Flores Montes, M.J.; Melo, G.; Moura, G. 2009. Relação entre a distribuição de nutrientes dissolvidos e a biomassa primária na Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE) do nordeste do Brasil. In: Hazin, F.H.V. (org.). Programa Revizee - Score Nordeste. Meteorologia e Sensoriamento Remoto, Oceanografia Física, Oceanografia Química e Oceanografia Biológica. 1ª ed. Fortaleza: Martins & Cordeiro Ltda., v. 01, p. 137-157.
Fuller, D.W.; Schaefer, K.M.; Hampton, J.; Caillot, S.; Leroy, B.M.; Itano, D.G. 2015. Vertical movements, behavior, and habitat of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Research, 172: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.024.
Holland, K.N.; Brill, R.W.; Chang, R.K.C. 1990. Horizontal and vertical movements of yellowfin and bigeye tuna associated with fish aggregating devices. Fishing Bulletin, 88(3): 493-507.
Holland, K.N.; Brill, R.W.; Chang, R.K; Sibert, J.R.; Fournier, D.A. 1992 Physiological and behavioural thermoregulation in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Nature, 358(6385): 410-412. https://doi.org/10.1038/358410a0.
Houssard, P.; Lorrain, A.; Tremblay-Boyer, L.; Allain, V.; Graham, B.S.; Menkes, C.E.; Pethybridge, H.; Couturier, L.; Point, D.; Leroy, B.; Receveur, A.; Hunt, B.P.V.; Vourey, E.; Bonnet, S.; Rodier, M.; Raimbault, P.; Feunteun, E.; Kuhnert, P.M.; Munaron, J-M.; Lebreton, B.; Otake, T.; Letourneur, Y. 2017. Trophic position increases with thermocline depth in yellowfin and bigeye tuna across the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 154: 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.04.008.
Howell, E.A.; Hawn, D.R.; Polovina, J.J. 2010. Spatiotemporal variability in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) dive behavior in the central North Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2): 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.013.
Jacobsen J.H.; Joensen J. 2004. Comparison of bait in longline fishery. Faroe Island. Denmark, 54f. (Bachelor’s Thesis, University of Faroe Islands). Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/JackJacobsen2/publication/265238126_Comparison_of_bait_in_longline_fishery/links/54b7e9be0cf269d8cbf58ec9/Comparison-of-bait-in-longline-fishery.pdf>. Accessed: Feb. 11, 2021
Jaquemet, S.; Potier, M.; Ménard, F. 2011. Do drifting and anchored Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) similarly influences tuna feeding habits? A case study from the western Indian Ocean. Fisheries Research, 107(1-3): 283í 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.011.
Josse, E.; Bach, P.; Dagorn, L. 1998. Simultaneous observations of tuna movements and their prey by sonic tracking and acoustic surveys. Hydrobiologia, 371: 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017065709190.
Kasumyan, A.O.; Dí¸ving, K.B. 2003. Taste Preference in fishes. Fish and Fisheries, 4(4): 289-347. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00121.x.
Kumar, K.V.A.; Pravin, P.; Meenakumari, B. 2016. Bait, bait loss, and depredation in pelagic longline fisheries í A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(4): 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1162134.
Lí¸kkeborg, S.E.; Bjordal, í"¦. 1992. Species and size selectivity in longline fishing: A review. Fisheries Research, 13(3): 311-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(92)90084-7
Lí¸kkeborg, S.; Pina, T. 1997. Effects of setting time setting direction and soak time on longline catch rates. Fisheries Research, 32(3): 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00070-2.
Lí¸kkeborg, S; Siikavuopio, S.I.; Humborstad, O-B.; Utne-Palm, A.C.; Ferter, K. 2014. Towards more efficient longline fisheries: fish feeding behaviour, bait characteristics and development of alternative baits. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24: 985-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9360-z.
Marcinek, D.J.; Blackwell, S.B.; Dewar, H.; Freund, E.V.; Farwell, C.; Dau, D.; Seitz, A.C.; Block, B.A. 2001. Muscle temperature and behavior of Pacific Bluefin measured with ultrasonic and popup satellite transmitters. Marine Biology, 138: 869-885.
Ménard, F.; Labrune, C.; Shin, Y.J.; Asine, A.S.; Bard, F.X. 2006. Opportunistic predation in tuna: A sizeâ€Âbased approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 323: 223-231. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps323223.
Nelder, J.A.; Wedderburn, R.W.M. 1972. Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 135(3): 370-384. https://doi.org/10.2307/2344614.
Olson, R.J.; Popp, B.N.; Graham, B.S.; López-Ibarra, G.A.; Galván-Magaí±a, F.; Lennert-Cody, C.E.; Bocanegra-Castillo, N.; Wallsgrove, N.J.; Gier, E.; Alatorre-Ramírez, V.; Ballance, L.T.; Fry, B. 2010. Food-web inferences of stable isotope spatial patterns in copepods and yellowfin tuna in the pelagic eastern Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.026.
Ohshimo S.; Hiraoka Y.; Sato T.; Nakatsuka S. 2018. Feeding habits of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the North Pacific from 2011 to 2013. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(4): 585-606. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17058.
R Core Team. 2021. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: https://www.R-project.org/.
Santos, M.N.; Coelho, R.; Fernandez-Carvalho, J.; Amorim, S. 2012. Effects of hook and bait on sea turtle catches in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 683-701. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1065.
Schaefer, K.M.; Fuller, D.W.; Block, B.A. 2007. Movements, behavior, and habitat utilization of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, ascertained through archival tag data. Marine Biology, 152(3): 503í 525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0689-x.
Vaske Jr., T.; Castello, J.P. 1998. Conteúdo estomacal da albacora laje, Thunnus albacares, durante o inverno e primavera no sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 58(4): 639-647. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71081998000400011.
Vaske, T.; Lessa, R.P.; Nobrega, M.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Santana, F.M.; Bezerra, J.L. 2005. A checklist of fishes from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21(1): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1439-0426.2004.00600.X.
Vaske Jr., T.; Travassos, P.E.; Hazin, F. H.V.; Tolotti, M.T.; Barbosa, T.M., 2012. Forage fauna in the diet of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 60(1): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592012000100009.
Williams, A.J.; Allain, V.; Nicol, S.J.; Evans, K.J.; Hoyle, S.D.; Dupoux, C.; Vourey, E.; Dubosc, J. 2015. Vertical behavior and diet of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) vary with latitude in the South Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 113: 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.010.
Watson, J.W.; Epperly, S.P.; Shah, A.K.; Foster, D.G. 2005. Fishing methods to reduce sea turtle mortality associated with pelagic longlines. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 62(5): 965-981. https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-004.
Yoshihara, T. 1951. Distribution of fishes caught by the longline II. Vertical distribution. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 16(8): 370-374.
Yoshihara, T. 1954. Distribution of fishes caught by the long line IV. On the relationship between k and / with a table and diagram. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 19(10): 1012-1014.
Bertrand, A.; Josse, E.; Massé, J. 1999. In situ acoustic target-strength measurement of bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) by coupling split-beam echosounder observations and sonic tracking. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56(1): 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1998.0430.
Bertrand, A.; Josse, E.; Bach, P.; Gros, P.; Dagorn, L. 2002. Hydrological and trophic characteristics of tuna habitat: consequences on tuna distribution and longline catchability. Canadian Journal of Fish Aquatic Science 59(6): 1002í 1013. https://doi.org/10.1139/f02-073.
Block, B.A.; Keen, J.E., Castillo, B.; Brill, R.; Dewar, H.; Freund, E.; Marcinek, D.J.; Farwell, C. 1997. Environmental preferences of yellowï¬Ân tuna (Thunnus albacares) at the northern extent of its range. Marine Biology, 130: 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050231.
Brill, R.W.; Bigelow, K.A.; Musyl, M.K. 2005. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) behavior and physiology and their relevance to stock assessments and fishery biology. Collective Volume of Scientific Paper, ICCAT, 57: 142-161.
Brill, R.W.; Block, B.A.; Boggs, C.H.; Bigelow, K.A.; Freund, E.V.; Marcinek, D.J. 1999. Horizontal movements and depth distribution of large adult yellowï¬Ân tuna (Thunnus albacares) near the Hawaiian Islands, recorded using ultrasonic telemetry: implications for the physiological ecology of pelagic ï¬Âshes. Marine Biology, 133: 395-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050478.
Carey, F.G. 1990. Further observations on the biology of the swordfish. In: Stroud, R.H. (ed.) Planning the future of billfishes. National Coalition for Marine Conservation Inc., Savannah, Georgia. pp. 102-122.
Coelho, R.; Santos, M. N.; Amorim S. 2012. Effects of hook and bait on targeted and bycatch fishes in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 449-467. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1064.
Dagorn, L.; Bach, P.; Josse, E. 2000. Movement patterns of large bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the open ocean, determined using ultrasonic telemetry. Marine Biology, 136(2): 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050694.
Da Silva G.B.; Hazin H.G.; Hazin F.H.V.; Vaskeâ€ÂJr T. 2019. Diet composition of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) caught on aggregated schools in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 35(5): 1111-1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13949.
Duffy, L.M.; Kuhnert, P.M.; Pethybridge, H.R.; Young, J.W.; Olson, R.J.; Logan, J.M.; Goí±i, N.; Romanov, E.; Allain, V.; Staudinger, M.D.; Abecassis, M.; Choy, C.A.; Hobday, A.J.; Semier, M.; Galvan-Magana, F.; Potier, M.; Ménard, F. 2017. Global trophic ecology of yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore tunas: understanding predation on micronekton communities at ocean-basin scales. Deep-sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 140: 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSR2.2017.03.003.
Foster, D.G.; Epperly, S.P.; Shah, A.K.; Watson, J.W. 2012. Evaluation of hook and bait type on the catch rates in the western North Atlantic Ocean pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 529-545. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1081.
Flores Montes, M.J.; Melo, G.; Moura, G. 2009. Relação entre a distribuição de nutrientes dissolvidos e a biomassa primária na Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE) do nordeste do Brasil. In: Hazin, F.H.V. (org.). Programa Revizee - Score Nordeste. Meteorologia e Sensoriamento Remoto, Oceanografia Física, Oceanografia Química e Oceanografia Biológica. 1ª ed. Fortaleza: Martins & Cordeiro Ltda., v. 01, p. 137-157.
Fuller, D.W.; Schaefer, K.M.; Hampton, J.; Caillot, S.; Leroy, B.M.; Itano, D.G. 2015. Vertical movements, behavior, and habitat of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Research, 172: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.024.
Holland, K.N.; Brill, R.W.; Chang, R.K.C. 1990. Horizontal and vertical movements of yellowfin and bigeye tuna associated with fish aggregating devices. Fishing Bulletin, 88(3): 493-507.
Holland, K.N.; Brill, R.W.; Chang, R.K; Sibert, J.R.; Fournier, D.A. 1992 Physiological and behavioural thermoregulation in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Nature, 358(6385): 410-412. https://doi.org/10.1038/358410a0.
Houssard, P.; Lorrain, A.; Tremblay-Boyer, L.; Allain, V.; Graham, B.S.; Menkes, C.E.; Pethybridge, H.; Couturier, L.; Point, D.; Leroy, B.; Receveur, A.; Hunt, B.P.V.; Vourey, E.; Bonnet, S.; Rodier, M.; Raimbault, P.; Feunteun, E.; Kuhnert, P.M.; Munaron, J-M.; Lebreton, B.; Otake, T.; Letourneur, Y. 2017. Trophic position increases with thermocline depth in yellowfin and bigeye tuna across the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 154: 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.04.008.
Howell, E.A.; Hawn, D.R.; Polovina, J.J. 2010. Spatiotemporal variability in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) dive behavior in the central North Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2): 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.013.
Jacobsen J.H.; Joensen J. 2004. Comparison of bait in longline fishery. Faroe Island. Denmark, 54f. (Bachelor’s Thesis, University of Faroe Islands). Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/JackJacobsen2/publication/265238126_Comparison_of_bait_in_longline_fishery/links/54b7e9be0cf269d8cbf58ec9/Comparison-of-bait-in-longline-fishery.pdf>. Accessed: Feb. 11, 2021
Jaquemet, S.; Potier, M.; Ménard, F. 2011. Do drifting and anchored Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) similarly influences tuna feeding habits? A case study from the western Indian Ocean. Fisheries Research, 107(1-3): 283í 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.011.
Josse, E.; Bach, P.; Dagorn, L. 1998. Simultaneous observations of tuna movements and their prey by sonic tracking and acoustic surveys. Hydrobiologia, 371: 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017065709190.
Kasumyan, A.O.; Dí¸ving, K.B. 2003. Taste Preference in fishes. Fish and Fisheries, 4(4): 289-347. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00121.x.
Kumar, K.V.A.; Pravin, P.; Meenakumari, B. 2016. Bait, bait loss, and depredation in pelagic longline fisheries í A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(4): 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1162134.
Lí¸kkeborg, S.E.; Bjordal, í"¦. 1992. Species and size selectivity in longline fishing: A review. Fisheries Research, 13(3): 311-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(92)90084-7
Lí¸kkeborg, S.; Pina, T. 1997. Effects of setting time setting direction and soak time on longline catch rates. Fisheries Research, 32(3): 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00070-2.
Lí¸kkeborg, S; Siikavuopio, S.I.; Humborstad, O-B.; Utne-Palm, A.C.; Ferter, K. 2014. Towards more efficient longline fisheries: fish feeding behaviour, bait characteristics and development of alternative baits. Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24: 985-1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9360-z.
Marcinek, D.J.; Blackwell, S.B.; Dewar, H.; Freund, E.V.; Farwell, C.; Dau, D.; Seitz, A.C.; Block, B.A. 2001. Muscle temperature and behavior of Pacific Bluefin measured with ultrasonic and popup satellite transmitters. Marine Biology, 138: 869-885.
Ménard, F.; Labrune, C.; Shin, Y.J.; Asine, A.S.; Bard, F.X. 2006. Opportunistic predation in tuna: A sizeâ€Âbased approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 323: 223-231. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps323223.
Nelder, J.A.; Wedderburn, R.W.M. 1972. Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 135(3): 370-384. https://doi.org/10.2307/2344614.
Olson, R.J.; Popp, B.N.; Graham, B.S.; López-Ibarra, G.A.; Galván-Magaí±a, F.; Lennert-Cody, C.E.; Bocanegra-Castillo, N.; Wallsgrove, N.J.; Gier, E.; Alatorre-Ramírez, V.; Ballance, L.T.; Fry, B. 2010. Food-web inferences of stable isotope spatial patterns in copepods and yellowfin tuna in the pelagic eastern Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2): 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.026.
Ohshimo S.; Hiraoka Y.; Sato T.; Nakatsuka S. 2018. Feeding habits of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the North Pacific from 2011 to 2013. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(4): 585-606. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17058.
R Core Team. 2021. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: https://www.R-project.org/.
Santos, M.N.; Coelho, R.; Fernandez-Carvalho, J.; Amorim, S. 2012. Effects of hook and bait on sea turtle catches in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88(3): 683-701. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1065.
Schaefer, K.M.; Fuller, D.W.; Block, B.A. 2007. Movements, behavior, and habitat utilization of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, ascertained through archival tag data. Marine Biology, 152(3): 503í 525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0689-x.
Vaske Jr., T.; Castello, J.P. 1998. Conteúdo estomacal da albacora laje, Thunnus albacares, durante o inverno e primavera no sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 58(4): 639-647. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71081998000400011.
Vaske, T.; Lessa, R.P.; Nobrega, M.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Santana, F.M.; Bezerra, J.L. 2005. A checklist of fishes from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21(1): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1439-0426.2004.00600.X.
Vaske Jr., T.; Travassos, P.E.; Hazin, F. H.V.; Tolotti, M.T.; Barbosa, T.M., 2012. Forage fauna in the diet of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 60(1): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592012000100009.
Williams, A.J.; Allain, V.; Nicol, S.J.; Evans, K.J.; Hoyle, S.D.; Dupoux, C.; Vourey, E.; Dubosc, J. 2015. Vertical behavior and diet of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) vary with latitude in the South Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 113: 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.010.
Watson, J.W.; Epperly, S.P.; Shah, A.K.; Foster, D.G. 2005. Fishing methods to reduce sea turtle mortality associated with pelagic longlines. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 62(5): 965-981. https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-004.
Yoshihara, T. 1951. Distribution of fishes caught by the longline II. Vertical distribution. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 16(8): 370-374.
Yoshihara, T. 1954. Distribution of fishes caught by the long line IV. On the relationship between k and / with a table and diagram. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 19(10): 1012-1014.
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2022-05-20
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