Larviculture of the sand clam cultivated in different densities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.271Keywords:
berbigão, growth, survival, larvae, post-larvae, Anomalocardia brasilianaAbstract
The development of technologies for the cultivation of larvae and post-larvae in the laboratory is an alternative to supply the reduction of natural stocks of Anomalocardia brasiliana. In order to improve the technology of mollusc production in the laboratory, the present work evaluated the effect of culture density on the survival and growth of larvae and post-larvae of A. brasiliana. Two experiments were conducted, the first evaluated the density in the veliger larvae culture, testing densities of 2, 6 and 10 larvae mL-1 for seven days. In the second, densities of 60 and 120 post-larvae cm-2 were tested, for 38 days. In the culture of veliger larvae, better results were found for survival and growth in the densities of 2 and 6 larvae mL-1. When evaluated for density in post-larvae culture, the best results for both survival and length were obtained at the density of 60 post-larvae cm-2, with 93.81 ± 0.68% and 2.18 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. Thus, to optimize productivity, it is recommended a density of 6 larvae mL-1 (veliger larvae) and 60 post-larvae cm-2 for the cultivation of A. brasiliana in the laboratory.
References
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HEASMAN, M.P.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; FRAZER, A.W.; LANGUET, Y.; O’CONNOR, S.J. 2002 Alternative means of nursery culture for comercial scallop (Pecten fumatus Reeve) spat. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 213(1-4): 323-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00354-X.
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LOOSANOFF, V.L.; DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve molluscs. Advances in Marine Biology, 1(1): 1-136.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development of 305 the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). The Journal of Molluscan Studies, 65(1): 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/65.1.73.
OLIVA, D.; ABARCA, A.; GUTIÉRREZ, R.; HERRERA, L.; CELIS, Á.; DURÁN, L.R. 2014 Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 49(3): 567-575. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572014000300013.
OLIVEIRA, I.B. 2014 Crescimento e sobrevivência larval do marisco Anomalocardia brasiliana (GMELIN, 1791) alimentado com diferentes dietas algais. Pernambuco. 95f. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura). Available from: <http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6182>. Access on: 29 dez. 2016.
OLIVEIRA, I.B.; SILVA NETO, S.R.; LAVANDER, H.D.; LIMA, P.C.M.; GÁLVEZ, A.O. 2016a Growth and survival of Anomalocardia brasiliana larvae (Bivalvia: Veneridae) fed with microalgal diets. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 44(1): 34-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol44-issue1-fulltext-3
OLIVEIRA, R.L.M.; LAVANDER, H.D.; SANTOS, L.B.G.; CALAZANS, N.K.F.; GÁLVEZ, A.O.; PEIXOTO, S.R.M. 2016b Hatchery rearing of the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana (GMELIN, 1791). Journal of Shellfish Research, 35(1): 27-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0104.
OLIVEIRA, M.D.; OLIVEIRA, M.H.R. 1974 Dicionário conquílio malacólogico. Juiz de Fora: Ministério da Educação e Cultura. 190p.
PEZZUTO, P.R.; SCHIO, C.; ALMEIDA, T.C.M. 2010 Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association,
90(7): 1455-1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410000317.
PRADO, S.; ROMALDE, J.L.; BARJA, J.L. 2010 Review of probiotics for use in bivalve hatcheries. Veterinary Microbiology, 145(3-4): 187-197.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.021. PMid:20851536.
RAGG, N.L.C.; KING, N.; WATTS, E.; MORRISH, J. 2010 Optimising the delivery of the key dietary diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans to
intensively cultured Greenshell mussel larvae, Perna canaliculus. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 306(1-4): 270-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.010.
RICO-VILLA, B.; POUVREAU, S.; ROBERT, R. 2009 Influence of food density on ingestion, growth and settlement of Pacific oyster larvae, Crassostrea gigas. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 287(3-4): 395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.054.
ROBERT, R.; GERARD, A. 1999 Bivalve hatchery technology: the current situation for the Pacific oyster and the scallop in France. Aquatic Living Resources, 12(2): 121-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80021-7.
SILVA-CAVALCANTI, J.S.; COSTA, M.F. 2011 Fisheries of Anomalocardia brasiliana in Tropical Estuaries. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 6(2): 86-99.
TURGEON, D.D.; LYONS, W.G.; MIKKELSEN, P.; ROSENBERG, G.; MORETZSOHN, F. 2009 Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: FELDER, D.L.; CAMP, D.K. (Eds.). Gulf of Mexico: origins, waters, and biota. Texas: A&M University Press, College Station. p.711-744. (Volume 1: Biodiversity).
TURINI, C.S.; SíÅ“HNEL, S.; LAGREZE-SQUELLA, F.J.; FERREIRA, J.F.; MELO, C.M.R. 2014 Effects of stocking-density in flow-through system on the mussel Perna perna larval survival. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 36(3): 247-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v36i3.23685.
URBAN, E.R.; GARY, J.R.; PRUDER, D.; LANGDON, C.J. 1983 Effect of ration on growth and growth efficiency of juveniles of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). Journal of Shellfish Research, 3(1): 51-571.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture (Amsterdam,Netherlands), 253(1-4): 350-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.030.
BOEHS, G.; ABSHER, T.M.; CRUZ-KALED, A.C. 2008 Ecologia populacional, reprodução e contribuição em biomassa de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia:Veneridae) na Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34(2): 259-270.
CANTERA, J.R. 1991 Shallow-water venerid clams (Bivalvia: Veneridae) from the pacific coast of Colombia. The Veliger, 34(1): 78-84.
EL-DEIR, S.G. 2009 Estudo da mariscagem de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca Bivalvia) nos bancos de Coroa do Avião, Ramalho e Mangue Seco (Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brasil). Pernambuco. 123f. (Tese de
Doutorado. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pósgraduação em Oceanografia). Available from: <http://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8249>. Access on: 22 out. 2015.
FAO 2016a The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016: contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Rome: FAO. 200p.
FAO 2016b FAO yearbook: fishery and aquaculture statistics 2014. Rome: FAO. 105p
FRÉCHETTE, M. 2005 A comment on the methodology of stocking experiments. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 250(1-2): 291-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.004.
HEASMAN, M.P.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; FRAZER, A.W.; LANGUET, Y.; O’CONNOR, S.J. 2002 Alternative means of nursery culture for comercial scallop (Pecten fumatus Reeve) spat. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 213(1-4): 323-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00354-X.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery culture of bivalve: a practical manual. Rome: FAO. 177p. (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 471).
KINNE, O. 1964 The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals. II. Salinity and temperature salinity combinations. Oceanography and Marine Biology - an Annual Review, 2(1): 281-339.
LAGREZE-SQUELLA, F.J.; ALBUQUERQUE, M.C.P.; ARAUJO, J.; SíÅ“HNEL, S.; MELO, C.M.R. 2015 Sobrevivência e Crescimento de larvas do molusco de areia Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin,1791) em laboratório. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 41(1): 133-143.
LIU, B.; DONG, B.; TANG, B.; ZHANG, T.; XIANG, J. 2006 Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 258(1-4): 344-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.047.
LIU, W.; PEARCE, C.M.; ALABI, A.O.; BEERENS, A.; GURNEY-SMITH, H. 2011 Effects of stocking density, ration, and temperature on growth of early post-settled juveniles of the basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 320(1-2): 129-136.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.030.
LOOSANOFF, V.L.; DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve molluscs. Advances in Marine Biology, 1(1): 1-136.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development of 305 the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). The Journal of Molluscan Studies, 65(1): 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/65.1.73.
OLIVA, D.; ABARCA, A.; GUTIÉRREZ, R.; HERRERA, L.; CELIS, Á.; DURÁN, L.R. 2014 Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 49(3): 567-575. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572014000300013.
OLIVEIRA, I.B. 2014 Crescimento e sobrevivência larval do marisco Anomalocardia brasiliana (GMELIN, 1791) alimentado com diferentes dietas algais. Pernambuco. 95f. (Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura). Available from: <http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6182>. Access on: 29 dez. 2016.
OLIVEIRA, I.B.; SILVA NETO, S.R.; LAVANDER, H.D.; LIMA, P.C.M.; GÁLVEZ, A.O. 2016a Growth and survival of Anomalocardia brasiliana larvae (Bivalvia: Veneridae) fed with microalgal diets. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 44(1): 34-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol44-issue1-fulltext-3
OLIVEIRA, R.L.M.; LAVANDER, H.D.; SANTOS, L.B.G.; CALAZANS, N.K.F.; GÁLVEZ, A.O.; PEIXOTO, S.R.M. 2016b Hatchery rearing of the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana (GMELIN, 1791). Journal of Shellfish Research, 35(1): 27-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0104.
OLIVEIRA, M.D.; OLIVEIRA, M.H.R. 1974 Dicionário conquílio malacólogico. Juiz de Fora: Ministério da Educação e Cultura. 190p.
PEZZUTO, P.R.; SCHIO, C.; ALMEIDA, T.C.M. 2010 Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association,
90(7): 1455-1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410000317.
PRADO, S.; ROMALDE, J.L.; BARJA, J.L. 2010 Review of probiotics for use in bivalve hatcheries. Veterinary Microbiology, 145(3-4): 187-197.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.021. PMid:20851536.
RAGG, N.L.C.; KING, N.; WATTS, E.; MORRISH, J. 2010 Optimising the delivery of the key dietary diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans to
intensively cultured Greenshell mussel larvae, Perna canaliculus. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 306(1-4): 270-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.010.
RICO-VILLA, B.; POUVREAU, S.; ROBERT, R. 2009 Influence of food density on ingestion, growth and settlement of Pacific oyster larvae, Crassostrea gigas. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 287(3-4): 395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.054.
ROBERT, R.; GERARD, A. 1999 Bivalve hatchery technology: the current situation for the Pacific oyster and the scallop in France. Aquatic Living Resources, 12(2): 121-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80021-7.
SILVA-CAVALCANTI, J.S.; COSTA, M.F. 2011 Fisheries of Anomalocardia brasiliana in Tropical Estuaries. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 6(2): 86-99.
TURGEON, D.D.; LYONS, W.G.; MIKKELSEN, P.; ROSENBERG, G.; MORETZSOHN, F. 2009 Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: FELDER, D.L.; CAMP, D.K. (Eds.). Gulf of Mexico: origins, waters, and biota. Texas: A&M University Press, College Station. p.711-744. (Volume 1: Biodiversity).
TURINI, C.S.; SíÅ“HNEL, S.; LAGREZE-SQUELLA, F.J.; FERREIRA, J.F.; MELO, C.M.R. 2014 Effects of stocking-density in flow-through system on the mussel Perna perna larval survival. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 36(3): 247-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v36i3.23685.
URBAN, E.R.; GARY, J.R.; PRUDER, D.; LANGDON, C.J. 1983 Effect of ration on growth and growth efficiency of juveniles of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). Journal of Shellfish Research, 3(1): 51-571.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture (Amsterdam,Netherlands), 253(1-4): 350-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.030.
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2018-12-21
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