Mortality of pacific white shrimp submitted to hypothermic and hyposalinic stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.310Keywords:
Litopenaeus vannamei, lethal temperature, lethal salinityAbstract
Abrupt changes in water quality parameters affect strongly the growth, survival and resistance to disease of farmed marine shrimps. However, unlike the determination of the toxic levels of substances affecting 50% of the population, standard protocols to nontoxic stressors tests are often neglected. The main objective of this work was to establish the lethal temperature (LT50) and salinity (LS50) for 50% of the population. Juvenile shrimps weighting from 10 g to 12 g and 17 day-postlarvae reared at 28 °C temperature and 32‰ salinity were submitted to hypothermic stress for one hour at temperatures of 7°C, 10°C, 11.5°C, 13°C and 16°C (juveniles), or for 72 hours at temperatures of 11°C, 12°C, 13°C and 14°C (postlarvae). Besides hypothermic stress, juveniles were submitted to 24 hours hyposaline stress in water having 0‰, 3‰, 6‰ and 9‰ salinities, and the postlarvae for 72 hours in water having 0‰, 1.5‰, 3‰, 4.5‰ and 6‰ salinities. Mortality rates were determined after those periods. The LT50 were 11.7 °C for juveniles and 12.9°C for postlarvae, and the LS50 were 2.4‰ and 1.8‰ for the juveniles and postlarvae, respectively.
References
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CHIM, L.; LEMAIRE, P.; DELAPORTE, M.; LE MOULLAC, G.; GALOIS, R.; MARTIN, J.L.M. 2001 Could a diet enriched with nâˆ"™3 highly unsaturated fatty acids be considered a promising way to enhance
the immune defenses and the resistance of Penaeid prawns to environmental stress? Aquaculture Research, 32(2): 91-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00534.x.
EMERENCIANO, M.; BALLESTER, E.L.C.; CAVALLI, R.O.; WASIELESKY, W. 2011 Effect of biofloc technology (BFT) on the early postlarval stage of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis: growth performance, floc composition and salinity stress tolerance. Aquaculture International,19(5): 891-901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-010-9408-6.
FAO í Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2016 Fishery and aquaculture statistics: 2014. Available from: <http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Yearbook/YB2014_CD_Master/booklet/i5716t.pdf>. Access on: 8 jul. 2016.
FRY, F.E.J.; HART, J.S.; WALKER, K.F. 1946 Lethal temperature relations for a sample of young speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. University of Toronto Studies, Biological Series, 54. Publications of the Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory, 66(1): 9-35.
HERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, M.; BíÅ“CKLE R, L.F.; PALACIOS, E.; BARÓN-SEVILLA, B. 2006 Preferential behavior of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) by progressive temperature â€"
salinity simultaneous interaction. Journal of Thermal Biology, 31(7): 565-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2006.05.008.
HOANG, T.; LEE, S.Y.; KEENAN, C.P.; MARSDEN, G.E. 2002 Cold tolerance of banana prawn Penaeus merguiensis de Man and its growth at different temperatures. Aquaculture Research, 33(1): 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1355-557X.2001.00638.x.
HUAI, M.Y.; TIAN, L.X.; LIU, Y.J.; XU, A.L.; LIANG, G.Y.; YANG, H.J. 2009 Quantitative dietary threonine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) reared in lowsalinity water. Aquaculture Research, 40(8): 904-914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02181.x.
INENO, T.; TSUCHIDA, S.; KANDA, M.; WATABE high-temperature breeding. Fisheries Science, 71(4): 767-775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2005.01026.x.
JAYASANKAR, V.; JASMANI, S.; NOMURA, T.; NOHARA, S.; HUONG, D.T.T.; WILDER, M. 2009 Low salinities rearing of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: acclimation, survival and growth of postlarvae and juveniles. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,43(4): 345-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.6090/jarq.43.345.
KIR, M.; KUMLU, M. 2008a Critical thermal minima of Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) acclimated to four temperature levels. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38(4): 535-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00185.x.
KÎâ„¢R, M.; KUMLU, M. 2008b Effect of temperature and salinity on low thermal tolerance of Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda: Penaeidae).Aquaculture Research, 39(10): 1101-1106. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01973.x.
KRUMMENAUER, D.; PEIXOTO, S.; CAVALLI, R.O.; POERSCH, L.H.; WASIELESKY JUNIOR, W. 2011 Superintensive culture of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in a biofloc technology
system in southern Brazil at different stocking densities. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(5): 726-733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00507.x.
KUMLU, M.; KIR, M. 2005 Food consumption, moulting and survival of Penaeus semisulcatus during over-wintering. Aquaculture Research,36(2): 137-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01196.x.
KUMLU, M.; KUMLU, M.; TíÅ“RKMEN, S. 2010a Combined effects of temperature and salinity on critical thermal minima of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Penaeidae). Journal of Thermal Biology, 35(6): 302-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.06.008.
KUMLU, M.; TíÅ“RKMEN, S.; KUMLU, M. 2010b Thermal tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Penaeidae) acclimated to four temperatures. Journal of Thermal Biology, 35(6): 305-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.06.009.
LI, E.; CHEN, L.; ZENG, C.; YU, N.; XIONG, Z.; CHEN, X.; QIN, J.G.2008 Comparison of digestive and antioxidant enzymes activities,haemolymph oxyhemocyanin contents and hepatopancreas histology of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at various salinities. Aquaculture
(Amsterdam, Netherlands), 274(1): 80-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
aquaculture.2007.11.001.
LIU, H.; SUN, W.; TAN, N.; CHI, S.; DONG, X.; YANG, Q. 2012 Molecular cloning and expression of hepatopancreas glutamine synthetase in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, induced by acute hypo-osmotic stress. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 362-363: 80-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.031.
LUCU, C.; TOWLE, D.W. 2003 Na+í K+-ATPase in gills of aquatic crustacea.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 135(2): 195-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00064-3. PMid:12781821.
MCGRAW, W.J.; DAVIS, D.A.; TEICHERT-CODDINGTON, D.; ROUSE,D.B. 2002 Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinity: Influence of age, salinity endpoint, and rate of salinity reduction. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 33(1): 78-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00481.x.
PAN, L.Q.; ZHANG, L.J.; LIU, H.Y. 2007 Effects of salinity and pH on ion-transport enzyme activities, survival and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 273(4):711-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.218.
PARADO-ESTEPA, F.D. 1998 Survival of Penaeus monodon postlarvae and juveniles at different salinity and temperature levels. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 50(4): 174-183.
PAZ, P.E.; ROY, L.A.; DAVIS, D.A.; QUINTERO, H.E. 2011 Survival of postlarval Litopenaeus vannamei following acclimation to low salinity waters at different temperatures. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(4): 575-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00500.x.
PEIXOTO JUNIOR, S.; WASIELESKY JUNIOR, W.J.; LOUZADA JUNIOR,L.J. 2003 Comparative analysis of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, culture in extreme southern Brazil. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 14(1-2):101-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J028v14n01_07.
PÉQUEUX, A. 1995 Osmotic regulation in crustaceans. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15(1): 1-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1549010.
PONCE-PALAFOX, J.; MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, C.A.; ROSS, L.G. 1997 The effect of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Boone, 1931. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 157(1-2): 107-115. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00148-8.
PRUITT, N.L. 1990 Adaptations to temperature in the cellular membranes of crustacea: Membrane structure and metabolism. Journal of Thermal Biology, 15(1): 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(90)90040-O.
QIU, J.; WANG, W.N.; WANG, L.J.; LIU, Y.F.; WANG, A.L. 2011 Oxidative stress, DNA damage and osmolality in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to acute low temperature
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2018-12-21
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