Soybean meal replacing meat and bone meal in diets for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles
Keywords:
blood, carcass, digestive index, fish, growth, protein sourcesAbstract
This study evaluates the meat and bone meal replacement (MBM) by soybean meal (SBM), in diets for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles, randomly distributed in 12 tanks (850 L). The experiment lasted 60 days and fish were fed twice daily (formulated diet and Napier grass). Four replacements levels of MBM were used: 0, 33, 66, and 100%. The T0% diet carried to the lower weight values. Based on specific growing rate, the best level of replacement was 70% (calculated). Body lipid decreased with higher inclusion levels of soybean meal. Fish fed with T66% diet showed higher AST concentration, what indicates that more amino acids were used for energy production.
References
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BOSCOLO, W.R.; HAYASHI, C.; SOARES, C.M.; FURUYA, W.M.; MEURER, F. 2001 Desempenho e características de carcaça de machos revertidos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), linhagens tailandesa e comum, nas fases inicial e de crescimento. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa,30 (5): 1391-1396.
BUREAU, D. P.; HARRIS, A.M.; BEVAN, D.J.;SIMMONS, L.A., AZEVEDO, P.A.; CHO, C.Y.
2000 Feather meals and meat and bone meals from different origins as protein sources in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) diets. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 181: 281-291.
BUREAU, D.P.; KAUSHIK, S.J.; CHO, C.Y. 2002 Bioenergetics. In: HALVER, J.E.; HARDY, R.W. Fish nutrition. USA: Academic Pres. p.1-59.
CAMARGO, J.B.; RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; EMANUELLI,T.; LAZZARI, R.; COSTA, M.L.; LOSEKANN, M.E.; LIMA, R.L.; SCHERER, R.; AUGUSTI, P.R.; PEDRON, F.A.; MEDEIROS, T.S. 2006 Cultivo de alevinos de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
alimentados com ração e forragens cultivadas.Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, Pelotas, 12 (2):211-215.
CAMPESTRINI, E. 2005 Farinha de carne e ossos.Revista Eletrônica Nutritime, 1 (24): 237-250. Disponível em http://www.nutritime.com.br/nutritime2/revista.asp. Acesso em 15.03.2007.
CONTRERAS-GUZMÁN, E.S. 1994 Bioquímica de pescados e derivados. Jaboticabal, FUNEP. 409p.
COSTA, M.L. 2006 Produção de juvenis de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) alimentados com capim teosinto e suplementados com diferentes taxas de
arraçoamento. Santa Maria í RS. 42p. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Zootecnia, Programa de Pósgraduação em Zootecnia, UFSM).
DING, L. 1991 Grass carp, (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In:Wilson, R.P. Handbook of requirements of finfish. Boca Raton, Flórida: CRC Press, Inc. N.W. p.89-96.
DU, Z-Y.; LIU, Y-J.; TIAN, L-X.; HE, J.G.; CAO, J-M.;LIANG, G-Y. The influence of feeding rate on growth, feed effciency and body composition of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture International, London, 14 (3): 247-257.
FAUCONNEAU, B.; ALAMI-DURANTE, H.;LAROCHE, M.; MARCEL, J.; VALLOT, D. 1995
Growth and meat quality relations in carp.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 129: 265-297.
FAO - Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2004 Estatísticas de produção de peixes e pesca. Disponível em http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/ Acesso em 20.nov.2006.
FASAKIN, E.A.; SERWATA, R.D.; DAVIES, S.J. 2005 Comparative utilization of rendered animal derived products with or without composite mixture of soybean meal in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis mossambicus) diets.Aquaculture,Amsterdam. 249: 329-338.
FOWLER, M.C. 1985 The results of introducing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) into small lakes.Aquaculture and fisheries management, Oxford, 16:189-201.
FRANCIS, G.; MAKKAR, H.P.S.; BECKER, K. 2001 Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 199: 197-227.
GATLIN III, D. M. 2003 Use of soybean meal in the diets of omnivorous freshwater fish. American Soybean Association. Disponível em: http://www.asa-europe.org/pdf/omnivorous.pdf. Acesso em17.nov.2006.
J O S E , S . ; M O H A N , M . V . ; S H Y A M A , S . ;RAMACHANDRAN NAIR, K.G.; MATHEW, P.T. 2006 Effect of soybean-meal-based diets on the growth and survival rate of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Aquaculture Nutrition,
Oxford, 12: 275-279.
KAUSHIK, S.J. 1995 Nutrient requirements, supply and utilization in the context of carp culture.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 129: 225-241.
KAUSHIK, S.J.; CRAVEDI, J. P.; LALLES, J.P.;SUMPTER, J.; FAUCONNEAU, B.; LAROCHEET,
M. 1995 Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects,cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,
133: 257-274.
KAUSHIK, S.J. 2000 Feed formulation, diet development and feed technology. Recent
advances in Mediterranean aquaculture finfish species diversification,Zaragoza: CIHEAM-IAMZ,24/05/1999. Seminar of the CIHEAM Network on Technology of Aquaculture in the Mediterranean on "Recent advances in Mediterranean aquaculture finfish species diversification" 47: 43-51.
KAUSHIK, S.J.; COVíˆS, D.; DUTTO, G.; BLANC,D. 2004 Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 230: 391-404.
LAW, A.T.; CHEAH, S.H.; ANG, K.J. 1985 An evaluation of the apparent digestibility of some locally plants and a pelleted feed in three finfish in Malaysia, In: CHO, C. Y.; COWEY, C. B.; WATANABE, T. Finfish Nutrition in Asia methodological approachs to research and development. Proc. Asian finfish nutrition workshop, Singapore, August 1983. IDRC, part II,p.90-95, 154p.
LAZZARI, R.; RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; EMANUELLI, T.;PEDRON, F.A.; COSTA, M.L.; LOSEKANN, M.E.; CORREIA, V.; BOCHI, V.C. 2006 Diferentes fontes protéicas para a alimentação do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 36(1): 240-246.
MELO, J.F.B. 2004 Digestão e metabolismo de jundiá Rhamdia quelen submetidos a diferentes regimes alimentares. São Carlos (Tese - Doutorado em Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos),80 p.
PONGMANEERAT, J.; WATANABE, T.; TAKEUCHI, PONGMANEERAT, J.; WATANABE, T.; TAKEUCHI, T. 1993 Use of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish meal in carp diets. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, Tokyo, 59(7): 1249-1257.
RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; LAZZZARI, R.; PEDRON, F.A.;VEIVERBERG, C.A., BERGAMIN, G.T.; CORRíÅ IA, V.; FILIPETTO, J.E.S. 2006 Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 36 (5): 1611-1616.
SAS. 1997 Statistical Analysis System. User’s Guide.Version 6.08, SAS INSTITUTE INC.4. ed. North Caroline. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 846 p.
SEAP í Secretaria Especial de Aqüicultura e Pesca.2004 Estatísticas da pesca. Disponível em http://www..presidencia.gov.br/seap Acesso em 20.nov.2006.
SILVA, L.B.; BARCELLOS, L.J.G.; QUEVEDO, R.M.; SOUZA, S.M.G.; KREUTZ, L.C.; RITTER, F.;FINCO, J.A.; BEDIN, A.C. 2006 Alternative species for traditional carp polyculture in southern South America: Initial growing period. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 255: 417-428.
SOARES, C.M.; HAYASHI, C.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.;GALDIOLI, E.M.; BOSCOLO, W.R.; NAGAE, M.Y. 1999 Substituição parcial da proteína da farinha de peixe pela de fontes protéicas alternativas em dietas para alevinos de lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus). XXXVI REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA,Porto Alegre í RS, Brasil. Anais da XXXVI Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. p.315.
TOMÁS, A.; DE LA GÁNDARA, F.; GARCÍA-GOMEZ,A.; PERÉZ, L.; JOVER, M. 2005 Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili.Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 11: 333-340.
VIOLA, S.; MOKADY, S.; ARIELI, Y. 1983 Effect of soybean processing methods on the growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, Amsterdam,32: 27-38.
VIYAKARN, V.; WATANABE, T.; AOKI, H.; TSUDA,H.; SAKAMOTO, H.; OKAMOTO, N.; ISSO, N.; SATOH, S.; TAKEUCHI, T. 1992 Use of soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft-dry pellet for yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, Tokyo, 58 (10): 1991í 2000.
AOAC. 1995 Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International. 16th ed. Supplement 1998. 16th ed. Supplement 1998.
Washington: AOAC. 1018p.
ARANA, L.V. 2004 Princípios químicos de qualidade da água em aqüicultura: uma revisão para peixes e camarões. 2ª ed. Florianópolis: UFSC. 231p.
BLIGH, E.G.; DYER, W.J. 1959 A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, Ottawa, 37(8): 911-917.
BOSCOLO, W.R.; HAYASHI, C.; SOARES, C.M.; FURUYA, W.M.; MEURER, F. 2001 Desempenho e características de carcaça de machos revertidos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), linhagens tailandesa e comum, nas fases inicial e de crescimento. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa,30 (5): 1391-1396.
BUREAU, D. P.; HARRIS, A.M.; BEVAN, D.J.;SIMMONS, L.A., AZEVEDO, P.A.; CHO, C.Y.
2000 Feather meals and meat and bone meals from different origins as protein sources in rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) diets. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 181: 281-291.
BUREAU, D.P.; KAUSHIK, S.J.; CHO, C.Y. 2002 Bioenergetics. In: HALVER, J.E.; HARDY, R.W. Fish nutrition. USA: Academic Pres. p.1-59.
CAMARGO, J.B.; RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; EMANUELLI,T.; LAZZARI, R.; COSTA, M.L.; LOSEKANN, M.E.; LIMA, R.L.; SCHERER, R.; AUGUSTI, P.R.; PEDRON, F.A.; MEDEIROS, T.S. 2006 Cultivo de alevinos de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
alimentados com ração e forragens cultivadas.Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, Pelotas, 12 (2):211-215.
CAMPESTRINI, E. 2005 Farinha de carne e ossos.Revista Eletrônica Nutritime, 1 (24): 237-250. Disponível em http://www.nutritime.com.br/nutritime2/revista.asp. Acesso em 15.03.2007.
CONTRERAS-GUZMÁN, E.S. 1994 Bioquímica de pescados e derivados. Jaboticabal, FUNEP. 409p.
COSTA, M.L. 2006 Produção de juvenis de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) alimentados com capim teosinto e suplementados com diferentes taxas de
arraçoamento. Santa Maria í RS. 42p. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Zootecnia, Programa de Pósgraduação em Zootecnia, UFSM).
DING, L. 1991 Grass carp, (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In:Wilson, R.P. Handbook of requirements of finfish. Boca Raton, Flórida: CRC Press, Inc. N.W. p.89-96.
DU, Z-Y.; LIU, Y-J.; TIAN, L-X.; HE, J.G.; CAO, J-M.;LIANG, G-Y. The influence of feeding rate on growth, feed effciency and body composition of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture International, London, 14 (3): 247-257.
FAUCONNEAU, B.; ALAMI-DURANTE, H.;LAROCHE, M.; MARCEL, J.; VALLOT, D. 1995
Growth and meat quality relations in carp.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 129: 265-297.
FAO - Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2004 Estatísticas de produção de peixes e pesca. Disponível em http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/ Acesso em 20.nov.2006.
FASAKIN, E.A.; SERWATA, R.D.; DAVIES, S.J. 2005 Comparative utilization of rendered animal derived products with or without composite mixture of soybean meal in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis mossambicus) diets.Aquaculture,Amsterdam. 249: 329-338.
FOWLER, M.C. 1985 The results of introducing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) into small lakes.Aquaculture and fisheries management, Oxford, 16:189-201.
FRANCIS, G.; MAKKAR, H.P.S.; BECKER, K. 2001 Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 199: 197-227.
GATLIN III, D. M. 2003 Use of soybean meal in the diets of omnivorous freshwater fish. American Soybean Association. Disponível em: http://www.asa-europe.org/pdf/omnivorous.pdf. Acesso em17.nov.2006.
J O S E , S . ; M O H A N , M . V . ; S H Y A M A , S . ;RAMACHANDRAN NAIR, K.G.; MATHEW, P.T. 2006 Effect of soybean-meal-based diets on the growth and survival rate of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Aquaculture Nutrition,
Oxford, 12: 275-279.
KAUSHIK, S.J. 1995 Nutrient requirements, supply and utilization in the context of carp culture.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 129: 225-241.
KAUSHIK, S.J.; CRAVEDI, J. P.; LALLES, J.P.;SUMPTER, J.; FAUCONNEAU, B.; LAROCHEET,
M. 1995 Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects,cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,
133: 257-274.
KAUSHIK, S.J. 2000 Feed formulation, diet development and feed technology. Recent
advances in Mediterranean aquaculture finfish species diversification,Zaragoza: CIHEAM-IAMZ,24/05/1999. Seminar of the CIHEAM Network on Technology of Aquaculture in the Mediterranean on "Recent advances in Mediterranean aquaculture finfish species diversification" 47: 43-51.
KAUSHIK, S.J.; COVíˆS, D.; DUTTO, G.; BLANC,D. 2004 Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 230: 391-404.
LAW, A.T.; CHEAH, S.H.; ANG, K.J. 1985 An evaluation of the apparent digestibility of some locally plants and a pelleted feed in three finfish in Malaysia, In: CHO, C. Y.; COWEY, C. B.; WATANABE, T. Finfish Nutrition in Asia methodological approachs to research and development. Proc. Asian finfish nutrition workshop, Singapore, August 1983. IDRC, part II,p.90-95, 154p.
LAZZARI, R.; RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; EMANUELLI, T.;PEDRON, F.A.; COSTA, M.L.; LOSEKANN, M.E.; CORREIA, V.; BOCHI, V.C. 2006 Diferentes fontes protéicas para a alimentação do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 36(1): 240-246.
MELO, J.F.B. 2004 Digestão e metabolismo de jundiá Rhamdia quelen submetidos a diferentes regimes alimentares. São Carlos (Tese - Doutorado em Ciências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos),80 p.
PONGMANEERAT, J.; WATANABE, T.; TAKEUCHI, PONGMANEERAT, J.; WATANABE, T.; TAKEUCHI, T. 1993 Use of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish meal in carp diets. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, Tokyo, 59(7): 1249-1257.
RADíÅ“NZ NETO, J.; LAZZZARI, R.; PEDRON, F.A.;VEIVERBERG, C.A., BERGAMIN, G.T.; CORRíÅ IA, V.; FILIPETTO, J.E.S. 2006 Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 36 (5): 1611-1616.
SAS. 1997 Statistical Analysis System. User’s Guide.Version 6.08, SAS INSTITUTE INC.4. ed. North Caroline. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 846 p.
SEAP í Secretaria Especial de Aqüicultura e Pesca.2004 Estatísticas da pesca. Disponível em http://www..presidencia.gov.br/seap Acesso em 20.nov.2006.
SILVA, L.B.; BARCELLOS, L.J.G.; QUEVEDO, R.M.; SOUZA, S.M.G.; KREUTZ, L.C.; RITTER, F.;FINCO, J.A.; BEDIN, A.C. 2006 Alternative species for traditional carp polyculture in southern South America: Initial growing period. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 255: 417-428.
SOARES, C.M.; HAYASHI, C.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.;GALDIOLI, E.M.; BOSCOLO, W.R.; NAGAE, M.Y. 1999 Substituição parcial da proteína da farinha de peixe pela de fontes protéicas alternativas em dietas para alevinos de lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus). XXXVI REUNIÃO ANUAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ZOOTECNIA,Porto Alegre í RS, Brasil. Anais da XXXVI Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. p.315.
TOMÁS, A.; DE LA GÁNDARA, F.; GARCÍA-GOMEZ,A.; PERÉZ, L.; JOVER, M. 2005 Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili.Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 11: 333-340.
VIOLA, S.; MOKADY, S.; ARIELI, Y. 1983 Effect of soybean processing methods on the growth of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, Amsterdam,32: 27-38.
VIYAKARN, V.; WATANABE, T.; AOKI, H.; TSUDA,H.; SAKAMOTO, H.; OKAMOTO, N.; ISSO, N.; SATOH, S.; TAKEUCHI, T. 1992 Use of soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft-dry pellet for yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, Tokyo, 58 (10): 1991í 2000.
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