Effect of salt (NaCl) and estocking density on Betta splendens larviculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p719Keywords:
anesthetic, basil, lemongrass, anesthesia recoveryAbstract
This study evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens larvae exposed to different salt concentrations (NaCl 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L-1) and stocking densities (1, 5, 10 and 15 larvae L-1) during 20 days. A completely randomized design in a 5x4 factorial scheme with three replications was used, and the fish reared in static system. At the end of the experiment were evaluated the final weight, total length, group uniformity, specific growth rate and survival. Total larvae mortality was observed in treatments with 4, 6 and 8 g L-1, demonstrating the susceptibility of this specie for these concentrations. However, the salinized water with 2 g L-1 promotes longer larvae when fish were maintained in densities of 10 and 15 larvae L-1. Further, there were no interactions between the addition of salt and stocking density for the other parameters. However, beneficial effects of salinized water (2 g L-1) were observed as better growth performance and survival of larvae. Regarding the stocking density, apart from addition of salt, the larvae present best development at density of 5 larvae L-1. Therefore, the use of salinized water (2 g L-1) and stocking density of 5 larvae L-1 is recommended for the Betta splendens larviculture.
References
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CUNHA, M.A.; DA-SILVA, B.F.; DELUNARDO, F.A.C.; BENOVIT, S.C.; GOMES, L.C.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9: 683-688.
FAí"¡ANHA, M.F. and GOMES, L.C. 2005 A eficácia do mentol como anestésico para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Acta Amazônica, 35: 71-75.
GOMES, L.C.; CHIPPARI-GOMES, A.C.; LOPES, N.P.; ROUBACH, R.; ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M. 2001 Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32: 426-431.
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HUSSAIN, A.J.; ANWAR, F.; SHERAZI, S.T.H.; PRZYBYLSKI, R. 2008 Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chemistry, 108: 986-995.
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KASALI, A. A.; OYEDEJI, A. O.; ASHILOKUN, A. O. 2001 Volatile leaf oil constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 16: 377-8.
MARKING, L.L. and MEYER, F.P. 1985 Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries. Fisheries 10: 2-5.
OLIVEIRA, R.A.; MOREIRA, I.S.; OLIVEIRA, F.F. 2013. Linalool and Methyl Chavicol present basil (Ocimum sp) cultivated in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 15: 309-311.
PINO, J.A.; ROSADO, A. 2000 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12: 301-2.
PARIKH, J.K. and DEAI, M.A. 2011 Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus. International Journal of Food Engineering, 7: 1-9.
RIBEIRO, P.A.P.; MIRANDA-FILHO, K.C.; MELILLO-FILHO, R.; SANTOS, A.E.H.; SILVA, W.S.; RODRIGUES, L.A.; LUZ, R.K. 2013 Efeito anestésico do eugenol em juvenis de pacamã. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48: 1136-1139.
ROOHI, Z.; IMANPOOR, M.R. 2015 The efficacy of the oils of spearmint and methyl salicylate as new anesthetics and their effect on glucose levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) juveniles. Aquaculture, 437: 327-332.
ROSS, L.G. and ROSS, B. 2008 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. 3nd ed. London: Blackwell.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Eugenol as an efficacious anaesthetic for tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier). Aquaculture Research, 36: 1056-1061.
SILVA, P.S.C.; FISCHER, G.N. 2010 Plantas aromáticas como alternativa para a agricultura familiar de Bom Progresso: Estudo de caso. Revista Varia Scientia Agrárias, 1: 55-66.
SIMí-ES, L.N.; PAIVA, G.; GOMES, L.C. 2010 Óleo de cravo como anestésico em adultos de tilapiadonilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 45: 1472-1477.
SMALL, B.C. 2003 Anesthetic efficacy of metomidate and comparison of plasma cortisol responses to tricaine methanesulfonate, quinaldine and clove oil anesthetized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture, 218: 177-185.
SOUZA, R.A.R.; CARVALHO, C.V.A.; NUNES, F.F.; SCOPEL, B.R.; GUARIZI, J.D.; TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2012 Eefeito comparativo da benzocaína, mentol e eugenol como anestésicos para juvenis de robalo peva. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38: 247-255.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; ALBINATI, A.C.L.; LIRA, A.D.; ALMEIDA, T.R.; SANTOS, G.B. 2008 Eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43: 1069-1074.
ZEPPENFELD, C.C.; TONI, C.; BECKER, A.G.; MIRON, D.S.; PARODI, T.V.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BARCELLOS, L.J.G.; KOAKOSKI, G.; DA- ROSA, J.G.S.; LORO, V.L.; DA-CUNHA, M.A.; BALDISSEROTTO B. 2014 Physiological and biochemical responses of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, after transport in water with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit) Britton. Aquaculture, 418-419: 101-107.
BECKER, A.G.; PARODI, T.V.; HELDWEIN, C.G.; ZEPPENFELD, C.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2012 Transportation of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, in water with eugenol and the essential oil of Lippia alba. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38: 789-796.
BLANK, A.F.; SOUZA, E.M.S.; ARRIGONI-BLANK, M.F.; PAULA, J.W.A.; ALVES, P.B. 2007. Maria Bonita: cultivar de manjericão tipo linalol. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 42: 1811-1813.
BRASIL, 2011 BOLETIM ESTATÍSTICO DA PESCA E AQUICULTURA. Ministério de Pesca e Aquicultura. Capítulo 8, Aquicultura. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura, Brasília. [Online] URL: <www.mpa.gov.br/files/docs/Boletim_MPA_2011_pub.pdf>. Acessado em: 01 set. 2015.
BRUNETON, J. 1991 Elementos de fitoquímica y de farmacognosia. Zaragoza: Acribia.
CHO, G.K. and HEATH, D.D. 2000 Comparison of tricaine methanesulphonate (MS 222) and oil clove anaesthesia effects on the physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, 31: 537-546.
COYLE, S.D., DURBOROW, R.M., TIDWELL, J.H. 2004 Anesthetics in aquaculture. Texas: SRAC (SRAC Publications, 3900).
CUNHA, M.A.; de BARROS, F.M.C.; GARCIA, L.O.; VEECK, A.P.L.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; LORO, V.L.; EMANUELLI, T.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2010 Essential oil of Lippia alba: A new anesthetic for silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture, 306: 403-406.
CUNHA, M.A.; DA-SILVA, B.F.; DELUNARDO, F.A.C.; BENOVIT, S.C.; GOMES, L.C.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9: 683-688.
FAí"¡ANHA, M.F. and GOMES, L.C. 2005 A eficácia do mentol como anestésico para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Acta Amazônica, 35: 71-75.
GOMES, L.C.; CHIPPARI-GOMES, A.C.; LOPES, N.P.; ROUBACH, R.; ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M. 2001 Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32: 426-431.
GONí"¡ALVES, A.C.S.; MURGAS, L.D.S.; ROSA, P.V.; NAVARRO, R.D.; COSTA, D.V.; TEIXEIRA, E.A. 2010 Desempenho produtivo de tambacus alimentados com dietas suplementadas com vitamina E. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 45: 100-1011.
GONí"¡ALVES, A.F.N.; SANTOS, E.C.C.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.; TAKAHASHI, L.S. 2008 Mentol e eugenol como substitutos da benzocaína na indução anestésica de juvenis de pacu anestésica de juvenis de pacu. Acta Scientiarum, Animal Science, 30: 339-344.
HUSSAIN, A.J.; ANWAR, F.; SHERAZI, S.T.H.; PRZYBYLSKI, R. 2008 Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils depends on seasonal variations. Food Chemistry, 108: 986-995.
INOUE, L.A.K.A.; AFONSO, L.O.B.; IWAMA, G.K.; MORAES, G. 2005 Efeito do óleo de cravo na resposta de estresse do matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) submetido ao transporte. Acta Amazonica 35: 289-295.
KASALI, A. A.; OYEDEJI, A. O.; ASHILOKUN, A. O. 2001 Volatile leaf oil constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 16: 377-8.
MARKING, L.L. and MEYER, F.P. 1985 Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries. Fisheries 10: 2-5.
OLIVEIRA, R.A.; MOREIRA, I.S.; OLIVEIRA, F.F. 2013. Linalool and Methyl Chavicol present basil (Ocimum sp) cultivated in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 15: 309-311.
PINO, J.A.; ROSADO, A. 2000 Chemical composition of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12: 301-2.
PARIKH, J.K. and DEAI, M.A. 2011 Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus. International Journal of Food Engineering, 7: 1-9.
RIBEIRO, P.A.P.; MIRANDA-FILHO, K.C.; MELILLO-FILHO, R.; SANTOS, A.E.H.; SILVA, W.S.; RODRIGUES, L.A.; LUZ, R.K. 2013 Efeito anestésico do eugenol em juvenis de pacamã. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48: 1136-1139.
ROOHI, Z.; IMANPOOR, M.R. 2015 The efficacy of the oils of spearmint and methyl salicylate as new anesthetics and their effect on glucose levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) juveniles. Aquaculture, 437: 327-332.
ROSS, L.G. and ROSS, B. 2008 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. 3nd ed. London: Blackwell.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Eugenol as an efficacious anaesthetic for tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier). Aquaculture Research, 36: 1056-1061.
SILVA, P.S.C.; FISCHER, G.N. 2010 Plantas aromáticas como alternativa para a agricultura familiar de Bom Progresso: Estudo de caso. Revista Varia Scientia Agrárias, 1: 55-66.
SIMí-ES, L.N.; PAIVA, G.; GOMES, L.C. 2010 Óleo de cravo como anestésico em adultos de tilapiadonilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 45: 1472-1477.
SMALL, B.C. 2003 Anesthetic efficacy of metomidate and comparison of plasma cortisol responses to tricaine methanesulfonate, quinaldine and clove oil anesthetized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Aquaculture, 218: 177-185.
SOUZA, R.A.R.; CARVALHO, C.V.A.; NUNES, F.F.; SCOPEL, B.R.; GUARIZI, J.D.; TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2012 Eefeito comparativo da benzocaína, mentol e eugenol como anestésicos para juvenis de robalo peva. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38: 247-255.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; ALBINATI, A.C.L.; LIRA, A.D.; ALMEIDA, T.R.; SANTOS, G.B. 2008 Eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43: 1069-1074.
ZEPPENFELD, C.C.; TONI, C.; BECKER, A.G.; MIRON, D.S.; PARODI, T.V.; HEINZMANN, B.M.; BARCELLOS, L.J.G.; KOAKOSKI, G.; DA- ROSA, J.G.S.; LORO, V.L.; DA-CUNHA, M.A.; BALDISSEROTTO B. 2014 Physiological and biochemical responses of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, after transport in water with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit) Britton. Aquaculture, 418-419: 101-107.
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2016-09-30
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