Effect of Aloysia triphylla essential oil on the productive performance and digestive tract histology of juvenile Apistogramma cacatuoides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.51.e937Keywords:
Amazonian cichlid, Feed additive, Ornamental fish farmingAbstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of Aloysia triphylla essential oil (ATEO) on the productive performance of juvenile Apistogramma cacatuoides, as well as on liver morphology and intestinal villi morphometry. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 3, 6, or 9 g of ATEO per kg of feed), each with four replicates. A total of 80 juvenile A. cacatuoides (average weight of 28.4 ± 14.5 mg) was fed twice daily over a period of 45 days. At the end of the experimental period, final survival rates were determined, and the fish were measured to assess zootechnical performance. Additionally, eight juveniles per treatment were processed histologically to evaluate liver and intestinal tissues. The results showed that the use of ATEO in the feed did not result in statistically significant differences in growth or survival. However, juveniles that received feed containing 6 and 9 g*kg-1 of ATEO exhibited higher averages in the intestinal morphometry parameters evaluated, with no liver damage. These findings highlight the potential of ATEO in the production of this species. Further studies with extended periods of administration and elevated oil concentrations are recommended, as well as research to evaluate its immunostimulant effects on fish.
References
Adeli, A., Shamloofar, M., & Akrami, R. (2021). Dietary effect of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) extract on growth performance, some haematological, biochemical, and non-specific immunity and stocking density challenge of rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Applied Animal Research, 49(1), 382-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2021.1990069
Alves, F. C. M. (2007). Reprodução e desenvolvimento larval do “ciclídeo-anão amazônico”, Apistogramma cacatuoides, Hoedeman, 1951 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) em laboratório (Master’s dissertation, Instituto de Pesca, APTA/SAA). Retrieved from https://www.pesca.sp.gov.br/web/
Alves, F. C. M., Rojas, N. E. T., & Romagosa, E. (2009). Reprodução do ciclídeo-anão amazônico Apistogramma cacatuoides, Hoedeman, 1951 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) em laboratório. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 35(4), 587-596. https://institutodepesca.org/index.php/bip/article/view/886
Aquanimal (2023). Apistogramma Cacatuoides Double Red (Apistogramma Cacatuoides) Casal 4 cm. Aquanimal. Retrieved from https://aquanimal.com.br/site/index.asp
Bandaranayake, W. M. (2006). Quality control, screening, toxicity, and regulation of herbal drugs. In I. Ahmad, F. Aqil, & M. Owais (Eds.), Modern phytomedicine: Turning medicinal plants into drugs (pp. 25-57). Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527609987.ch2
Bandeira-Junior, G., Bianchini, A. E., de Freitas Souza, C., Descovi, S. N., da Silva Fernandes, L., de Lima Silva, L., Cargnelutti, J. F., & Baldisserotto, B. (2022). The use of cinnamon essential oils in aquaculture: Antibacterial, anesthetic, growth-promoting, and antioxidant effects. Fishes, 7(3), 133. https://doi. org/10.3390/fishes7030133
Brandão, F. R., Farias, C. F. S., Melo Souza, D. C., Oliveira, M. I. B., Matos, L. V., Majolo, C., Oliveira, M. R., Chaves, F. C. M., O’Sullivan, F. L. A., & Chagas, E. C. (2021). Anesthetic potential of the essential oils of Aloysia triphylla, Lippia sidoides and Mentha piperita for Colossoma macropomum. Aquaculture, 534, 736275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736275
Cengiz, E. I., & Unlu, E. (2006). Sublethal effects of commercial deltamethrin on the structure of the gill, liver and gut tissues of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis: A microscopic study. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 21(3), 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2005.08.005
Chung, S., Ribeiro, K., Melo, J. F. B., Teixeira, D. V., Vidal, L. V. O., & Copatti, C. E. (2021). Essential oil from ginger influences the growth, haematological and biochemical variables and histomorphometry of intestine and liver of Nile tilapia juveniles. Aquaculture, 534, 736325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736325
Cunha, H. P. F., Sousa, D. C., Santos, E. T., Guzzi, A., Dourado, L. R. B., & Ferreira, G. J. B. C. (2016). Histomorphometry small intestine of broiler (Cobb 500®) supplemented with 7% glycerin gross. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 10(3), 238-245. Retrieved from https://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/acta/article/view/5661/6118
Dairiki, J. K., Majolo, C., Chagas, E. C., Chaves, F. C. M., Oliveira, M. R., & Morais, I. S. (2013). Procedimento para inclusão de óleos essenciais em rações para peixes (Circular técnica, 42). Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental.
De Camargo, F. C. S., Zeppenfeld, C. C., Baldissera, M. D., Souza, C. F., de Andrade, G. M., Pimentel, V. T., & da Cunha, M. A. (2022). Aloysia triphylla essential oil decreases biomarkers of renal and hepatic damage in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed with an ochratoxin A-contaminated diet. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2034137/v1
Diler, O., Gormez, O., Diler, I., & Metin, S. (2017). Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth, lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(4), 844-851. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12451
Dos Santos, A. C., Sutili, F. J., Heinzmann, B. M., Cunha, M. A., Brusque, I. C., Baldisserotto, B., & Zeppenfeld, C. C. (2017). Aloysia triphylla essential oil as additive in silver catfish diet: Blood response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 62, 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.032
Engelking, B., Römer, U., & Beisenherz, W. (2010). Intraspecific colour preference in mate choice by female Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman, 1951 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 60(3), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.60.e31012
Ferreira, A. C., Rossato, D. C., de Oliveira, J. C., Dary, E. P., da Silva Neto, J. C. A., & Cella, W. (2018). Hábitos alimentares de Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis Meinken, 1965 em ambientes de várzea na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá-RDSM, região do médio Solimões, Amazônia, Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar, 21(2), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.25110/arqvet.v21i2.2018.6761
Furuya, W. M., Souza, S. R. D., Furuya, V. R. B., Hayashi, C., & Ribeiro, R. P. (1998). Dietas peletizada e extrusada para machos revertidos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.), na fase de terminação. Ciência Rural, 28(3), 483-487. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84781998000300022
Giannenas, I., Triantafillou, E., Stavrakakis, S., Margaroni, M., Mavridis, S., Steiner, T., & Karagouni, E. (2012). Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 350-353, 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.027
Gressler, L. T., Riffel, A. P. K., Parodi, T. V., Saccol, E. M. H., Koakoski, G., da Costa, S. T., Pavanato, M. A., Heinzmann, B. M., Caron, B., Schmidt, D., Llesuy, S. F., Barcellos, L. J. G., & Baldisserotto, B. (2014). Silver catfish Rhamdia quelen immersion anaesthesia with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L’Hérit) Britton or tricaine methanesulfonate: Effect on stress response and antioxidant status. Aquaculture Research, 45(6), 1061-1072. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12043
Harikrishnan, R., Balasundaram, C., & Heo, M. S. (2011). Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aquaculture, 317(1-4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.039
Hassaan, M. S., & Soltan, M. A. (2016). Evaluation of essential oil of fennel and garlic separately or combined with Bacillus licheniformis on the growth, feeding behaviour, hemato-biochemical indices of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 7, 4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000422
He, X., Wang, S., Shi, J., Sun, Z., Lei, Z., Yin, Z., Qian, Z., Tang, H., & Xie, H. (2018). Genotypic and environmental effects on the volatile chemotype of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1003. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01003
Le Cren, E. D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology, 20(2), 201-219. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540
Lugert, V., Thaller, G., Tetens, J., Schulz, C., & Krieter, J. (2016). A review on fish growth calculation: Multiple functions in fish production and their specific application. Reviews in Aquaculture, 8(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12071
Mahboub, H. H., & Tartor, Y. H. (2020). Carvacrol essential oil stimulates growth performance, immune response, and tolerance of Nile tilapia to Cryptococcus uniguttulatus infection. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 141, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao03506
Moniodis, J., Renton, M., Jones, C. G., Barbour, E. L., & Byrne, M. (2018). Genetic and environmental parameters show associations with essential oil composition in West Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum). Australian Journal of Botany, 66(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT17116
Moustafa, E. M., Dawood, M. A. O., Assar, D. H., Omar, A. A., Elbialy, Z. I., Farrag, F. A., & Zayed, M. M (2020). Modulatory effects of fenugreek seeds powder on the histopathology, oxidative status, and immune related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 515, 734589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734589
Philippe, C., Vergauwen, L., Huyghe, K., De Boeck, G., & Knapen, D. (2023). Chronic handling stress in zebrafish Danio rerio husbandry. Journal of Fish Biology, 103(2), 367-377. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15453
Potzernheim, M. C. L., Bizzo, H. R., Silva, J. P., & Vieira, R. F. (2012). Chemical characterization of essential oil constituents of four populations of Piper aduncum L. from Distrito Federal, Brazil. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 42, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2011.12.025
Quérouil, S., Vela Diaz, A., García‐Dávila, C., Römer, U., & Renno, J. F. (2015). Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in neotropical fish of the genus Apistogramma (Perciformes: Labroidei: Cichlidae). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31, 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12975
R Core Team (2024). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Romer, U., & Beisenherz, W. (2005). Intra-and interspecific mate choice of female Apistogramma cacatuoides (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 16(4), 339. Retrieved from https://www.pfeil-verlag.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ief16_4_05.pdf
Römer, U., Engelking, B., & Beisenherz, W. (2014). Genetically determined mate choice can be influenced by learning in Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman, 1951 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 64(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.64.e31480
Sampaio, F. D., & Freire, C. A. (2016). An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: Changes in water quality as a function of transport duration. Fish and Fisheries, 17(4), 1055-1072. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12158
Souza, C. F., Baldissera, M. D., Baldisserotto, B., Heinzmann, B. M., Martos-Sitcha, J. A., & Mancera, J. M. (2019). Essential oils as stress-reducing agents for fish aquaculture: A review. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00785
Souza, R. C., Baldisserotto, B., Melo, J. F. B., da Costa, M. M., de Souza, E. M., & Copatti, C. E. (2020). Dietary Aloysia triphylla essential oil on growth performance and biochemical and haematological variables in Nile tilapia. Aquaculture, 519, 734913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734913
Souza Valente, C., Coates, C. J., Cagol, L., Bombardelli, R. A., Becker, A. G., Schmidt, D., Heinzmann, B. M., Vazdos-Santos, A. M., Baldisserotto, B., & Ballester, E. L. C. (2024). Antioxidant status and performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles fed diets containing non-nutritive Aloysia triphylla essential oil. Aquaculture International, 32(6), 7201-7214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01509-0
Stejskal, V., Gebauer, T., Sebesta, R., Nowosad, J., Sikora, M., Biegaj, M., & Kucharczyk, D. (2021). Effect of feeding strategy on survival, growth, intestine development, and liver status of maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena larvae. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 52(4), 829-842. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12785
Sutili, F. J., de Lima Silva, L., Gressler, L. T., Battisti, E. K., Heinzmann, B. M., Vargas, A. C., & Baldisserotto, B. (2015). Plant essential oils against Aeromonas hydrophila: In vitro activity and their use in experimentally infected fish. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 119(1), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12812
Sutili, F. J., Gatlin III, D. M., Heinzmann, B. M., & Baldisserotto, B. (2018). Plant essential oils as fish diet additives: Benefits on fish health and stability in feed. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(3), 716-726. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12197
Yilmaz, E., & Genc, E. (2006). Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources (soy-acid oil and yellow grease) on growth and hepatic lipidosis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling: A preliminary study. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 6(1), 37-42. Retrieved from https://www.pfeil-verlag.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ief16_4_05.pdf
Zago, D. C., Santos, A. C., Lanes, C. F. C., Almeida, D. V., Koakoski, G., Abreu, M. S., Zeppenfeld, C. C., Heinzmann, B. M., Marins, L. F., Baldisserotto, B., Barcellos, J. G. L.,& Cunha, M. A. (2018). Aloysia triphylla in the zebrafish food: Effects on physiology, behavior, and growth performance. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 44, 465-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0446-0
Zanfurlin‐Lima, E., Abe, H. A., Gonçalves‐Junior, L. P., & de Freitas, T. M. (2024). Feeding protocol for the Amazonian ornamental cichlid Apistogramma cacatuoides and a histological approach to the nutritional condition of larvae. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 108(6), 1867-1876. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.14020
Zeppenfeld, C. C., Hernández, D. R., Santinón, J. J., Heinzmann, B. M., Cunha, M. A., Schmidt, D., & Baldisserotto, B. (2016). Essential oil of Aloysia triphylla as feed additive promotes growth of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Aquaculture Nutrition, 22, 933-940. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12311
Zeppenfeld, C. C., Saccol, E. M. H., Pês, T. S., Salbego, J., Koakoski, G., dos Santos, A. C., Heinzmann, B. M., da Cunha, M. A., Barcellos, L. J. G., Pavanato, M. A., Caron, B. O., & Baldisserotto, B. (2017). Aloysia triphylla essential oil as food additive for Rhamdia quelen – Stress and antioxidant parameters. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(6), 1362–1367. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12511
Zhang, T., Zheng, Y., Fu, C., Yang, H., Liu, X., Qiu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023). Chemical variation and environmental influence on essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora. Molecules, 28(3), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030973
Zheng, Z. L., Tan, J. Y. W., Liu, H. Y., Zhou, X. H., Xiang, X., & Wang, K. Y. (2009). Evaluation of oregano essential oil (Origanum heracleoticum L.) on growth, antioxidant effect and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 292(3-4), 214- 218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.025
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Matheus Martins Gama, Higo Andrade Abe, Anderson Araújo dos Santos, Edmilson Zanfurlin Lima, Francisco Celio Maia Chaves, Edsandra Campos Chaves, Thiago Mendes de Freitas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
