The effect of water alkalinity on growth and survival of "curimbatá†larvae, Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) in laboratory
Keywords:
larviculture, alkalinity, fish growth, Prochilodus lineatusAbstract
In this work it was tried to verify the influence of different water alkalinity levels on the Prochilodus lineatus larvae survival and growth. The laboratory experiment consisted of three treatments whose medium values of alkalinity were: A í 15.76 mg CaCO3/L; B í 32.37 mg CaCO3/L and C í 55.28 mg CaCO3/L. The maximum and minimum values of temperature, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, pH and conductivity were monitored. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory during 42 days, and was divided into 3 treatments, each one with 18 repetitions. The growth curves in total length and dry weight, the dry weight total length relationship, the relative condition factor and the larvae survival rate for each treatment were determined. The growth in total length and dry weight showed significant differences between treatments, being the treatment B, that which permitted the best performance, whereas treatments A and C were similar. The values of survival for the larvae from the three treatments were similar. Curimbatá larvae maintenance in medium values of alkalinity of 32.37±3.73 mg CaCO3/L, and calcium of 15.73±1.23 mg Ca+2/L (treatment B) are therefore recommended, for it provides better growth performance, expressed by total length and dry weight.
References
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APHA (AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION) 1975 Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. New York. 1193p.
BENGTSON, B.; DICKSON, W.; NYBERG, P. 1980 Liming acid lakes in Sweden. Ambio, 9 (1): 34-36.
BOTTRELL, H. H.; DUNCAN, A.; GLIWICZ, Z. M.; GRYGIEREK, E.; HERZIG, A.; HILLBRICHT-ILKOWISKA, A.; KURASAWA, H.; LARSSON, P.; WEGLENSKA, T. 1976 A review of some problems in zooplankton production studies.
Norw. J. Zool., 24:419-456.
BOYD, C.E. 1990 Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Alburn
University. Alabama. Ed. Birmingham Publishing Co. 482 p.
BROWN, D. J.A. e LYNAM, S. 1981 The effect of sodium and calcium concentrations on the hatching of eggs and
the survival of the yolk sac fry of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. at low pH. J. Fish Biol., 19: 205-211.
CESTAROLLI, M. A.; PORTELLA, M. C.; ROJAS, N.E.T. 1997 Efeito do nível de alimentação e do tipo de alimento na
sobrevivência e no desempenho inicial de larvas de curimbatá Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1881). B.Inst. Pesca, 24 (único): 119 í 129.
ESTEVES, F. A. 1988 Fundamentos de Limnologia. São Paulo. Ed. Interciência/Finep. 575 p.
ERIKSSON, F.; Hí–RNSTRí–M, E.; MOSSBERG, P.; NYBERG, P. 1983 Ecological effects of lime treatment of acidified lakes and rivers in Sweden. Hydrobiologia, 101: 145-164.
ERIKSSON, M.O.G. e TENGELIN, B. 1987 Short-term effects of liming on perch Perca fluviatilis populations in
acidified lakes in South-West Sweden. Hidrobiologia,146: 187-191.
FLIK, G.; KLAREN, P. H. M.; SCHOENMAKERS, T. J. M.; BIJVELDS, M. J. C.; VERBOST, P. M.; BONGA, S. E. W. 1996 Cellular calcium transport in fish: Unique and universal mechanisms. Physiol. Zool., 69 (2): 403-417. ROJAS, ROCHA, AMARAL
FURUYA, V. R. B.; HAYASHI, C.; FURUYA, W. M.; SOARES, C. M.; GALDIOLI, E. M. 1999 Influência de plí¢ncton, dieta
artificial e sua combinação, sobre o crescimento e sobrevivência de larvas de curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus). Acta Scientiarum, 21(3): 699-703.
GRIZZLE, J. M. e MAUDLIN II 1995 Age-related changes in survival of larval and juvenile striped bass in different
concentrations of calcium and sodium. Trans. Amer.Fish. Soc., 123: 1002-1005.
GUNN, J. M. e KELLER, W. 1984 In situ manipulation of water chemistry using crushed limestone and observed effects on fish. Fisheries, 9 (1): 19-24.
HASSELROT, B. e HULTBERG, H. 1984 Liming of acidified swedish lakes and steams and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems. Fisheries, 9 (1): 4-9.
HUET, M. 1973 Tratado de Piscicultura. Madrid, Espanha. Ed. Mundi-Prensa. 728 p.
HUNN, J. B. 1985 Role of calcium in gill function in freshwater fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 82a (3): 543-547.
HWANG, P-P.; TSAI, Y-N.; TUNG, Y-C. 1994 Calcium balance in embryos and larvae of the freshwater adapted teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 13(4): 325-333.
KRETSER, W. A. e COLQUHOUN, J. R. 1984 Treatment of New York’s adirondack lakes by liming.Fisheries, 9 (1): 36-41.
O’CONNELL, J. P. e GATLIN III, D. M. 1994 Effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on weight gain and mineral composition of the blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) in low-calcium water.Aquaculture, 125: 107-117.
ROBINSON, E. H.; RAWLES, S. D.; YETTE, H. E.; GREENE,L. W. 1984 An estimative of the dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Tilapia aurea reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, 41: 389-393.
ROSSELAND, B. O. e SKOGHEIM, O. K. 1984 Attempts to reduce effects of acidification on fishes in Norway by different mitigation techniques.Fisheries, 9 (1): 10-16.
_________; _________ ABRAHAMSEN, H.; MATZOW, D. 1986 Limestone slurry reduces physiological stress and increases survival of atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in an acid Norwegian river. Can.J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43: 1888-1893.
SINGHAL, R.N.; JEET, S.; DAVIES, R. W. 1986 Chemotherapy of six ectoparasitic diseases of cultured fish. Aquaculture, 54: 165-171.
TACON, A.G. J. 1987 a The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp í A training manual. 2. Nutrient sources and composition. Brasília,Brasil. 129p.
_________ 1987 b The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp í A training manual. 1. The essential nutrients. Brasília, Brasil. 117p.
WEATHERLEY, N. S. 1988 Liming to mitigate acidification in freshwater ecosystems: A review of the biological consequences. Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 39: 421-437.
WHITE, W. J.; WATT, W. D.; SCOTT, C. D. 1984 An experiment on the feasibility of rehabilitating acidified atlantic salmon habitat in Nova Scotia by the addition of lime. Fisheries, 9 (1): 25-30.
ZAR, J. H. 1999 Bioestatistical analysis. New Jersey. Prentice Hall. 663p.
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2018-06-28
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