Performance of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) with different crude protein levels in diet
Keywords:
crude protein, freshwater angelfish, ornamental fish, protein requirementAbstract
The study was performed at Ornamental Fish Laboratory (CAUNESP) to evaluate growth of young freshwater angelfishes for 84 days, with isocaloric (3,338.84 kcal DE.kg-1) diets varying the crude protein level (CP). Fish, in a total of 400 specimens, were stocked in 30 liters tanks and distributed in four treatments (26%, 28%, 30% and 32%PB), two groups of weight (100-150 mg and 151-200 mg) and five replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and polynomial regression (p < 0.05). The most important water parameters were monitored and showed acceptable levels for the species growth. Third order polynomial regression were significant for final weight (FW), weight gain (WG) and food consumed (FC). Fish fed 26%CP showed the worst results. No difference between fish fed 28% and 30%CP was seen. Fish fed 32%CP showed better results. Feed conversion rate (FCR) showed negative linear effect, and specific growth rate (SGR) presented positive linear effect, both showing better results when increasing CP. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival showed no statistical differences. CP levels above 32% may result in better values for FW, WG, FC, FCR and SGR.
References
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SHIM, K.F. e CHUA, Y.L. 1986 Some studies on the protein requirement of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Science, Parkville, 4: 79-84
SHIM, K.F. e NG, S.H. 1988 Magnesium requirements of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 73: 131-141.
YANONG, R.P.E. 1999 Nutrition of ornamental fish. Husbandry and Nutrition, Montreal,2(1):19-41
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; BALBINO, E.M.;SARAIVA, A.; QUADROS, M.; FONTANARI, R.L. 2006 Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de acará-bandeira. R. Bras. Zootec.,Viçosa, 35(5): 1893 -1896
ASSANO, M. 2004 Utilização de diferentes fontes e níveis de proteína no crescimento da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Jaboticabal. 34p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
BALBINO, E.M.; ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; SARAIVA, A.; QUADROS, M.; FONTANARI, L.; FERRAZ,M.J.; SAKABE, R. 2004 Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). In.Aqua Ciência 2004; Congresso da Aquabio, 1., Vitória, 2004. Anais.... Vitória: Sociedade Brasileira de Aqüicultura e Biologia Aquática. p.406.
BOYD, C.E. 1990 Water quality in ponds for aquaculture.Auburn: University. 482p.
CACHO, M.S.R.F.; YAMAMOTO, M.E.; CHELLAPPA, S. 1999 Comportamento reprodutivo do acará bandeira, Pterophyllum scalare Cuvier e Valenciennes (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae). Revta bras. Zool.,Curitiba, 16(1): 653-664
CHAPMAN, F.A. 2000 Ornamental fish culture,Freshwater. In: STICKNEY, R.R. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. Nova York: Wiley-Interscience. p.602-610.
CHAPMAN, F.A.; FITZ-COY, S.; THUNBERG, J.T. 1997 United States of America International Trade in Ornamental Fish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, 28(1): 1-10.
CHAO, N.L.; PETRY, P.; PRANG, G.; SONNESCHIEN, L.; TLUSTY, M. 2001 Conservation and management of ornamental fish resources of the Rio Negro basin, Amazonian, Brazil - Project Piaba. Manaus: Editora da Universidade de Manaus. 310p.
CHONG, A.S.C.; HASHIM, R.; ALI, A.B. 2000 Dietary protein requirements for discus (Symphysodon spp.). Aquaculture Nutrition, Oxford, 6: 275-278.
Fiogbé, E.D. e Kestemont, P. 1995 An assessment of the protein and amino acid requirement in goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Berlim, 11: 282í 289.
KRUGER, D.P.; BRITZ, P.J.; SALES, J. 2001 Influence of varying dietary protein content at three lipid concentrations on growth characteristics of juvenile swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri Heckel, 1848). Aquarium Sciences and Conservation, Springer, 3: 275-280.
LIMA, A.O. 2003 Aqüicultura ornamental: O potencial de mercado para algumas espécies ornamentais:Formas alternativas de diversificação da produção na aqüicultura brasileira. Panorama da AQíÅ“ICULTURA, Rio de Janeiro, 13: 23-29.
Lochmann, R.T. e Phillips, H. 1994 Dietary protein requirement of juvenile golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) in aquaria. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,128: 277í 285.
MAEHANA, K.R.; RIBEIRO, R.P.; FURLAN, A.C.; NEVES, P.R.; OLIVEIRA, A.C.; FARIA, R.H.S.; DAMBROS,A. 2004 Determinação da exigência em proteína para alevinos de acará disco (Symphysodon spp.). In: Aqua Ciência 2004; Congresso da Aquabio, 1., Vitória, 2004. Anais... Vitória: Sociedade Brasileira de Aqüicultura e Biologia Aquática. p.402.
National Research Council 1993 Nutrients requirements of fish. Washington: National Academy Press. 114p.
Olvera-Novoa, M.A.; Gasca-Leyva, E.; Martinez-Palacios, C.A. 1996 The dietary protein requirements of Cichlasoma synspilum Hubbs,1935 (Pisces: Cichlidae) fry. Aquaculture Research,Oxford, 27: 167í 173.
PÉREZ, E.; DIAZ, F.; ESPINA, S. 2003 Thermoregulatory behavior and critical thermal limits of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein) (Pisces: Cichlidae). Journal of Thermal Biology, Oxford, 28: 531 í 537.
PEZZATO, L.E.; MIRANDA, E.C.; BARROS, M.M.;PINTO, L.G.Q.; FURUYA, W.M.; PEZZATO, A.C. 2002 Digestibilidade aparente de ingredientes pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). R. Bras.Zootec., Viçosa, 31(4): 1595-1604.
RODRIGUES, L.A. e FERNANDES, J.B.K. 2006 Influência do processamento da dieta no desempenho produtivo do acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 28(1): 113-119.
ROWLAND, L.W. e COX, L.J. 1998 Opportunities in ornamental aquaculture. Honolulu: Pacific Business Center Program. 35p.
SALES, J. e JANSSENS, G.P.J. 2003 Nutrient requirements of ornamental fish. Aquatic Living Resources, Mountrouge, 16: 533í 540.
Sargent, J.; Henderson, R.J.; Tochar, D.R. 1989 The Lipids. In: HALVER, J.E. (Ed.). Fish Nutrition.Nova York: Academic Press. p.153í 217.
SIDDIQUI, A.Q.; HOELADER, M.S.; ADAM, A.A. 1988 Effects of dietary protein levels on growth feed conversion and protein utilization in fry and young Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 70: 63-73.
SOLORZANO, L. 1969 Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenythypochlorite method. Limnology and Oceanography, Baltimore, 14:799-801.
SHIM, K.F. e CHUA, Y.L. 1986 Some studies on the protein requirement of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Journal of Aquariculture and Aquatic Science, Parkville, 4: 79-84
SHIM, K.F. e NG, S.H. 1988 Magnesium requirements of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 73: 131-141.
YANONG, R.P.E. 1999 Nutrition of ornamental fish. Husbandry and Nutrition, Montreal,2(1):19-41
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; BALBINO, E.M.;SARAIVA, A.; QUADROS, M.; FONTANARI, R.L. 2006 Níveis de proteína bruta em dietas para alevinos de acará-bandeira. R. Bras. Zootec.,Viçosa, 35(5): 1893 -1896
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2018-10-31
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