Loss of Perna perna mussel seeds (L., 1758), cultivated in North Bay í Santa Catarina Island/SC í Brazil
Keywords:
mussel, Perna perna, loss, predation, histology, Bucephalus spAbstract
This study had the objective of quantifying seed loss in the culture of young mussels as well as discussing the main causes of this loss, especially that derived from predators and parasites. The experiment was carried out in Ponta do Sambaqui beach, between December of 2004 and August of 2005. Fifty four mussel ropes were prepared, containing 600 seeds each one. Half the ropes were disposed in a long line and protected with fishing net. This protection was removed from three of them every month. The other 27 ropes remained in a net-tank. Every month three ropes from each treatment were collected and the mussels counted. Thirty animals from each treatment were fixed and classical histology procedures were carried out with stain HE. The salinity and the water temperature of the sea were measured weekly and diary, respectively. The seeds from the ropes of the long line suffered intense predation in the summer. In the following months there was no significant difference in the loss of animals between both treatments. The young Perna perna mussels are more vulnerable to predators than adult individuals. Besides predation, questions related with handling techniques and the excess of seeds in each rope can be causes for loss of animals. The prevalence of the trematod Bucephalus sp. was low (5.11%), thus, there was no directly relation with the observed losses.
References
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SANTOS, A. M.T. e COIMBRA, J. 1995 Growth and production of raft-cultured Mytilus edulis L.,in Ria de Aveiro: gonad symbiotic infestation. Aquaculture, 132: 195-211.
SEED, R. 1976 Ecology. In: BAYNE, B.L. Marine Mussels: their ecology and physiology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 13-65.
SILVA, P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.; FERREIRA, J.F. 1996 Infestation of Perna perna mussel (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) by digenetic trematodes of the family Bucephalidae, Bucephalus genus, in Brasil. J. Med. & Appl. Malacol., 8: 25.
SILVA, P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.; BARRACCO, M.A. 2002 Effects of Bucephalus sp. (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) on Perna perna mussels from a culture station in Ratones Grande Island, Brazil.Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 79: 154-162.
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SUCHANEK, T.H. 1986 Mussels and their rôle in structuring rocky shore communities. In: MOORE, P. G.; SEED, R. The Ecology of rocky coasts. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 70-96.
SZIDAT, L. 1965 Los parasitos de los mitilidos y los daí±os por ellos causados. II. Los parasitos de Mytilus edulis platensis (mejillón del plata).Parasitologia, 1: 1-3.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Third edition. 662p
BOWER, S.M.; FIGUERAS, A.J. 1989 Infectious diseases of mussels, especially pertaining to mussel transplantation. Word Aquaculture Review, 20: 89-93.
CHAVES, N.D. e LUQUE, J.L. 1998 Trematódeos digenéticos parasitos de Menticirrhus americanus (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) no litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Parasitol. día, 22: 33-37.
Dí"žHLBACK, B. e GUNNARSSON, L.A.H. 1981 Sedimentation and sulfate reduction under a mussel culture. Mar. Biol. 63: 269-275.
DeGRAAF, J.D. e TYRRELL, M.C. 2004 Comparison of the feeding rates of two introduced crab species,
Carcinus maenas and Hemigrapsus sanguineus, on the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Northeastern Naturalist.
11(2): 163-166.
ENDERLEIN, P. e WAHL, M. 2003 Dominance of blue mussels versus consumer-mediated enhancemente
of benthic diversity. Journal of Sea Research. 51:145-155.
FERREIRA, J.F.F.; FERNANDES, M.W.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M. 1991 Crescimento do mexilhão Perna perna (Linné, 1758) em sistemas de cultivo em Santa Catarina. In: XII Encontro Brasileiro de Malacologia, p. 32.
FERREIRA, J.F. e MAGALHíES, A.R.M. 2004 Cultivo de Mexilhões. In: POLI, C.R.; POLI, A.T.B.; ANDREATTA, E.; BELTRAME, E.Aqüicultura - Experiências Brasileiras. Florianópolis:Multitarefa. p. 221-250.
FREITAS, M. 1997 Incrustações biológicas no mexilhão Perna perna (Mollusca, Bivalvia), cultivado na Ilha de Ratones, SC: efeito da exposição ao ar.Florianópolis: UFSC, Centro de Ciências Agrárias.231p. (Dissertação, Mestrado).
HAMILTON, D.J. e NUDDS, T.D. 2003 Effects of predation by common eiders (Somateria mollissima)
in an intertidal rockweed bed relative to an adjacent mussel bed. Marine Biology, Berlim, 142(1): 1-12.
Heasman, M.P.; O`CONNOR, W.A.; FRAZER, A.W.J. 1996 Digenean (bucephalidae) infections in commercial scallops, Pecten fumatus Reeve, and doughboy scallops, Chlamys (Mimachlamps) asperrima (Lamarck) in Jervis Bay, New South Wales. Journal of Fish Diseases, 19: 333-339.
HOWARD, D.W.; LEWIS, E.J.; KELLER, B.J.; SMITH, C.S. 2004 Histological techniques for marine bivalve mollusks and crustaceans. Oxford: NOAA technical Memorandum. 218 p.
INGLIS, G.J. e GUST, N. 2003 Potential indirect effects of shellfish culture on the reproductive success of benthic predators. Journal of Applied Ecology. 40(6): 1077-1089.
KLAPPENBACH, M.A. 1965 Lista preliminar de los mytilidae brasileí±os con claves para su determinación y notas sobre su distribución. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 37: 327-352.
LAPPALAINEN, A.; WESTERBOM, M.; VESALA, S. 2004 Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the diet of roach (Rutilus rutilus) in outer archipelago areas of the western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea.Hydrobiologia. 514(1-3): 87-92.
Khamdan, S.A.A. 1998 Occurrence of Bucephalus sp.trematode in the gonad of the pearl oyster, Pinctada
radiata. Environment International, 24: 117-120.
Lasiak, T. 1991 Bucephalid trematode infections in mytilid bivalves from the rocky intertidal of southern Chile. J. Mollus. Stud., 58: 29í 36.
Lasiak, T.A. 1993 Bucephalid trematode infections in the brown mussel Perna perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae).
S. Afr. J. Marine Sci., 13: 127í 134.
LUNETTA, J.E. e UMIJI, S. 1975 Infestação de mexilhões por trematóides digenéticos da família Bucephalidae, de gênero Bucephalus no litoral do nEstado de São Paulo. In: XXVII Reunião Anual da SBPC. p.378. Resumo.
MAGALHíES, A.R.M. 1998 Efeito da parasitose por trematoda Bucephalidae na reprodução, composição
bioquímica e índice de condição do mexilhão Perna perna (L.). São Paulo 185p. (Tese de Doutoramento,
Instituto de Biociências, USP).
MAGALHíES, A.R.M.; PIMPÃO, D.M.; ALVES, R.;SARTOR, F; BECKER, A.P. 2000 Parasitismo em mexilhões de estoques naturais na ilha de Santa Catarina-SC, Brasil. In: VI ENCONTRO B R A S I L E I R O D E P A T O L O G I S T A S D E ORGANISMOS AQUÁTICOS (ENBRAPOA). II ENCONTRO LATINO-AMERICANO DE PATOLOGISTAS DE ORGANISMOS AQUÁTICOS (ELAPOA), Florianópolis, p.4.
OLIVEIRA NETO, F.M. 2005 Diagnóstico do cultivo de moluscos em Santa Catarina. Epagri. 67p. (Epagri.
Documentos, 220).
PEREIRA Jr., J.; ROBALDO, R.B.; SOUTO-RAITER,V.M.M. 1996 Um possível ciclo de vida de Bucephalus varicus Manter, 1949 (Trematoda, Bucephalidae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Comunicação Mus. Ciência e Tecnologia, 9: 31-36.
SANTOS, A. M.T. e COIMBRA, J. 1995 Growth and production of raft-cultured Mytilus edulis L.,in Ria de Aveiro: gonad symbiotic infestation. Aquaculture, 132: 195-211.
SEED, R. 1976 Ecology. In: BAYNE, B.L. Marine Mussels: their ecology and physiology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 13-65.
SILVA, P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.; FERREIRA, J.F. 1996 Infestation of Perna perna mussel (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) by digenetic trematodes of the family Bucephalidae, Bucephalus genus, in Brasil. J. Med. & Appl. Malacol., 8: 25.
SILVA, P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.; BARRACCO, M.A. 2002 Effects of Bucephalus sp. (Trematoda: Bucephalidae) on Perna perna mussels from a culture station in Ratones Grande Island, Brazil.Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 79: 154-162.
SOTO, R.E.; CASTILLA, J.C.; BOZINOVIC, F. 2004 Foraging behavior of the gastropod Acanthina monodon Pallas, 1774 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the intertidal rocky shores of central Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 77(1): 157-175.
SUCHANEK, T.H. 1986 Mussels and their rôle in structuring rocky shore communities. In: MOORE, P. G.; SEED, R. The Ecology of rocky coasts. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 70-96.
SZIDAT, L. 1965 Los parasitos de los mitilidos y los daí±os por ellos causados. II. Los parasitos de Mytilus edulis platensis (mejillón del plata).Parasitologia, 1: 1-3.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Third edition. 662p
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