Aquaculture impact and treatment systems of effluents with aquatic macrophytes
Keywords:
aquaculture, aquatic pollution, environmental impact, effluent, aquatic macrophytesAbstract
Aquaculture effluents are enriched by nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter and contribute to increase eutrophication of the receiving water bodies and reduction or change in biodiversity. To reduce effluent loading is important to formulate highly digestible diets with lower nutrient levels. In addition, it is necessary to treat effluents to attend to new legislation demands and the pressure of environmentalist. This review of the aquaculture activities and its impacts on the environmental is divided into four main subjects. The first is the way in which aquaculture affects the environment through the consumption of materials and energy. The second is how aquaculture can affect the environment directly, particularly through the effluents. The third is on the systems for treatment of aquaculture effluents with aquatic macrophytes. The fourth part is how aquaculture can be developed of sustainable form.
References
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BOYD, C.E. 1999 Aquaculture sustainable and environmental issues. World Aquaculture, 30(2):10-13/71-72.
BRIX, H. and SCHIERUP, H.H. 1989 The use of aquatic macrophytes in water í pollution control. Ambio,15: 100-107.
BROW, J. J.; GLENN, E. P.; FITZSIMMONS, K.M.;SMITH, S.E. 1999 Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent. Aquaculture, 175:255-268.
CAMARGO, J.A. 1992 Temporal and spatial variations in dominance, diversity and biotic indices along a limestone stream receiving a trout farm effluent.Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 63: 343-359.
CASTELLANI, D.E BARRELA, W. 2006 Impactos da atividade de piscicultura na Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape. B. Inst. Pesca, 32(2): 161-171.
CHUA, T.E.; PAW, J.N.; GUARIAN, F.Y. 1989 The environmental impact of aquaculture and the effects of pollution on coastal aquaculture development in Southeast Asia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 20: 335-343.
COCHAVA, M.; DIAB, S.; AVNIMELECH, Y. MIRES,D.; AMIT, Y. 1990 Intensive growth of fish with minimal water exchange. Fish. Fish-breeding Israel,23(4): 174-181.
COOPER, P.F. e FINDLATER, B.C. 1990 Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, Oxford:Pergamon Press.
ENNABILI, A.; ATER, M.; RADOUX, M. 1998 Biomass Biomass production and NPK retention in macrophytes
from wetlands of the Tingitan Peninsula. Aquatic Botany, 62: 45-56.
FAO 1988 Aspects of FAO’s policies, programs, budget and activities aimed at contributing to sustainable
development. Rome: FAO.
FAO 1994 Diagnóstico sobre el estado de la acuicultura e América Latina y el Caribe. Documento de Campo Documento de Campo n. 11. México: FAO.
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GUNTENSPERGEN, F.; STEARNS, F.; KADLEC, J.A. 1989 Wetland vegetation. In: HAMER, D.A. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatments,Michigan, Lewis Publishers. p.73-88.
HAMER, D.A. and BASTIAN, R.K. 1989 Wetlands ecosystems: natural water purifiers? New York: Lewis Publishers.
HENRY-SILVA, G.G. 2001 Utilização de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia molesta) no tratamento de efluentes de piscicultura e possibilidades de aproveitamento da biomassa vegetal. Jaboticabal. 79p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista,Jaboticabal).
HENRY-SILVA, G.G. and CAMARGO, A.F.M. 2006 Efficiency of aquatic macrophytes to treat Nile tilapia pond effluents. Scientia Agricola, 63(5):417-513.
HOPKINS, J.S; BRADY, C.L.; HAMILTON, R.D.; HEFFERNAN, J.A. 1995 The effect on low-rate sand filtration and modified feed management on effluent quality, pond water quality and production of intensive shrimp ponds. Estuaries,18: 116-123.
KARPISCAK, M.M.; GERBA, C.P.; WATT, P.M.;FOSTER, K.E.; FALABI, J.A. 1996 Multi - Multi -species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement. Water Science Technology, 33: 231-236.
LOCH, D.D.; WEST, J.L.; PERLMUTTER, D.G. 1996 The effects of trout farm effluent on the taxa richness of benthic macroinvertebrates.Aquaculture, 147: 37-55.
MACEDO, C.F. 2004 Qualidade da água em viveiros de criação de peixes com sistema de fluxo contínuo.
Jaboticabal. 136p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
MENEZES, L.C.B. e BEYRUTH, Z. 2003 Impactos da aqüicultura em tanques-rede sobre a comunidade
bentônica da represa de Guarapiranga - São Paulo - SP. Bol. Inst. de Pesca, 29:(1): 77-86.
MIDLEN, A. and REDDING, T. 1998 Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
MIRES, D. 1995 Aquaculture and the aquatic environment: mutual impact and preventive management. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture -Bamidgeh, .47: 163-172.
NACA/FAO. 2000 Desenvolvimento da Aqüicultura para Além de 2000: A Declaração de Banguecoque e Estratégia. Conferência sobre Aqüicultura no Terceiro Milênio, 20-25 de fevereiro de 2000, Banguecoque Tailí¢ndia.
NG, W.J.; SIM, T.S.; ONG, K.K. 1990 The effect of Elodea densa on aquaculture water quality.Aquaculture, 87: 267-276.
ODUM, E.P. 1993 Ecology: our endangered life-support systems. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
ODUM, E.P. 1989 Ecologia. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Guanabara, 1988.
PERSSON, G. 1991 Eutrophication resulting from salmonid fish culture in fresh and salt waters: Scandinavian experiences. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF AQUACULTURE WASTE, 1, 1991, Ontario. Anais… p.130-136.
PILLAY, T.V.R. 1992 Aquaculture and the environment.Londres: Fishing News Books, 1989p.
PISTORI, R.E.T. 2005 Crescimento da macrófita aquática flutuante Salvinia molesta crescendo em duas represas
submetidas a diferentes níveis de impactos. Jaboticabal. 45p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
REDDING, T.; TODD, S.; MIDLEN, A. 1997 The treatment of aquaculture wastewater - A botanical approach. Journal of Environmental Management,50: 283-299.
REDDY, K.R. and DEBUSK, T.A. 1987 State of the art utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution
control. Water Science and Technology, 19: 61-79.
SCHWARTZ, M.F.; BOYD, C.E. 1995 Constructed wetlands for treatment of channel catfish pond effluents. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 57: 255-266.
SHILO, M. e RIMON, A. 1982 Factors which effect the intensification of fish breeding in Israel. 2.Ammonia transformation in intensive fish ponds.Bamidgeh, 34(3): 101-114.
SILVERT, W. 1992 Assessing environmental impact of finfish aquaculture in marine waters. Aquaculture,
107: 67-79.
SRAC. 1998 Characterization and management of effluents from aquaculture ponds in the southeastern United
States. New York: Pub. 600.
STICKNEY, R.R. 1979 Principles of warm water aquaculture. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TIAGO, G.G. 2002 Aquicultura, meio Ambiente e legislação. São Paulo: Editora Annablume, 162p.
TOVAR, A.; MORENO, C.; MÁNUEL-VEZ, M. P.;GARCÍA-VARGAS, M. 2000 Environmental impacts of intensive aquaculture in marine waters. Water Resource, 34(1): 334-342.
VALENTI, W.C. 2000 Aquaculture for sustainable development. In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; . In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; PEREIRA, J.A.; BORGHETTI, J.R. Aqüicultura no Brasil: bases para um desenvolvimento sustentável.Brasília: CNPq/Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia.
VINATEA, L.A.A. 2000 Modos de apropriação e gestão patrimonial de recursos costeiros. Florianópolis. 250p.
(Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
VYMAZAL, J. 1998 Types of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WETLAND SYSTEMS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, 6, 1998, Águas de São Pedro. Anais…p.150-166.
WOOD, A. 1995 Constructed wetlands in water pollution control: fundamentals to their understanding. Water Science and Technology, 32(3):21-29.
niloticus) sob diferentes manejos alimentares. Jaboticabal. 56p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal).
BAIRD, D.J.; BEVERIDGE, M.C.M.; KELLY, L.A.; MUIS, J.F. 1996 Aquaculture and waters resourse management. London: Blackwell Science Ltd. 219p.
BARDACH, J.E. 1997 Sustainable Aquaculture. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 251p.
BERGHEIM, A.; AABEL, J.B.; SEYMOUR, E.A. 1991 Past and present approaches to aquaculture waste management in Norwegian net pen culture operations. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF AQUACULTURE WASTE, 1, Ontario. Anais…p. 88-95.
BOAVENTURA, R.; PEDRO, A.M.; COIMBRA, J.; LENCASTRE, E. 1997 Trout farm effluents: characterization and impact on the receiving streams. Environmental Pollution, 95(3): 379-387.
BOYD, C.E. 1999 Aquaculture sustainable and environmental issues. World Aquaculture, 30(2):10-13/71-72.
BRIX, H. and SCHIERUP, H.H. 1989 The use of aquatic macrophytes in water í pollution control. Ambio,15: 100-107.
BROW, J. J.; GLENN, E. P.; FITZSIMMONS, K.M.;SMITH, S.E. 1999 Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent. Aquaculture, 175:255-268.
CAMARGO, J.A. 1992 Temporal and spatial variations in dominance, diversity and biotic indices along a limestone stream receiving a trout farm effluent.Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 63: 343-359.
CASTELLANI, D.E BARRELA, W. 2006 Impactos da atividade de piscicultura na Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape. B. Inst. Pesca, 32(2): 161-171.
CHUA, T.E.; PAW, J.N.; GUARIAN, F.Y. 1989 The environmental impact of aquaculture and the effects of pollution on coastal aquaculture development in Southeast Asia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 20: 335-343.
COCHAVA, M.; DIAB, S.; AVNIMELECH, Y. MIRES,D.; AMIT, Y. 1990 Intensive growth of fish with minimal water exchange. Fish. Fish-breeding Israel,23(4): 174-181.
COOPER, P.F. e FINDLATER, B.C. 1990 Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control, Oxford:Pergamon Press.
ENNABILI, A.; ATER, M.; RADOUX, M. 1998 Biomass Biomass production and NPK retention in macrophytes
from wetlands of the Tingitan Peninsula. Aquatic Botany, 62: 45-56.
FAO 1988 Aspects of FAO’s policies, programs, budget and activities aimed at contributing to sustainable
development. Rome: FAO.
FAO 1994 Diagnóstico sobre el estado de la acuicultura e América Latina y el Caribe. Documento de Campo Documento de Campo n. 11. México: FAO.
FAO 1997 Aquaculture development. Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. n. 5, Rome: FAO.FARAHBAKHSHAZAD, N.; MORISON, G.M.; SALATI, E.F. 2000 Nutrient removal in a vertical upflow wetland in Piracicaba, Brazil. Ambio, 29: 74-77.
GOPAL, B. 1999 Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: potential and problems.Water Science Technology, 40(3): 27-35.
GUNTENSPERGEN, F.; STEARNS, F.; KADLEC, J.A. 1989 Wetland vegetation. In: HAMER, D.A. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatments,Michigan, Lewis Publishers. p.73-88.
HAMER, D.A. and BASTIAN, R.K. 1989 Wetlands ecosystems: natural water purifiers? New York: Lewis Publishers.
HENRY-SILVA, G.G. 2001 Utilização de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia molesta) no tratamento de efluentes de piscicultura e possibilidades de aproveitamento da biomassa vegetal. Jaboticabal. 79p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista,Jaboticabal).
HENRY-SILVA, G.G. and CAMARGO, A.F.M. 2006 Efficiency of aquatic macrophytes to treat Nile tilapia pond effluents. Scientia Agricola, 63(5):417-513.
HOPKINS, J.S; BRADY, C.L.; HAMILTON, R.D.; HEFFERNAN, J.A. 1995 The effect on low-rate sand filtration and modified feed management on effluent quality, pond water quality and production of intensive shrimp ponds. Estuaries,18: 116-123.
KARPISCAK, M.M.; GERBA, C.P.; WATT, P.M.;FOSTER, K.E.; FALABI, J.A. 1996 Multi - Multi -species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement. Water Science Technology, 33: 231-236.
LOCH, D.D.; WEST, J.L.; PERLMUTTER, D.G. 1996 The effects of trout farm effluent on the taxa richness of benthic macroinvertebrates.Aquaculture, 147: 37-55.
MACEDO, C.F. 2004 Qualidade da água em viveiros de criação de peixes com sistema de fluxo contínuo.
Jaboticabal. 136p. (Tese de Doutoramento. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
MENEZES, L.C.B. e BEYRUTH, Z. 2003 Impactos da aqüicultura em tanques-rede sobre a comunidade
bentônica da represa de Guarapiranga - São Paulo - SP. Bol. Inst. de Pesca, 29:(1): 77-86.
MIDLEN, A. and REDDING, T. 1998 Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Netherlands: Kluwer
Academic Publishers.
MIRES, D. 1995 Aquaculture and the aquatic environment: mutual impact and preventive management. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture -Bamidgeh, .47: 163-172.
NACA/FAO. 2000 Desenvolvimento da Aqüicultura para Além de 2000: A Declaração de Banguecoque e Estratégia. Conferência sobre Aqüicultura no Terceiro Milênio, 20-25 de fevereiro de 2000, Banguecoque Tailí¢ndia.
NG, W.J.; SIM, T.S.; ONG, K.K. 1990 The effect of Elodea densa on aquaculture water quality.Aquaculture, 87: 267-276.
ODUM, E.P. 1993 Ecology: our endangered life-support systems. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
ODUM, E.P. 1989 Ecologia. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Guanabara, 1988.
PERSSON, G. 1991 Eutrophication resulting from salmonid fish culture in fresh and salt waters: Scandinavian experiences. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF AQUACULTURE WASTE, 1, 1991, Ontario. Anais… p.130-136.
PILLAY, T.V.R. 1992 Aquaculture and the environment.Londres: Fishing News Books, 1989p.
PISTORI, R.E.T. 2005 Crescimento da macrófita aquática flutuante Salvinia molesta crescendo em duas represas
submetidas a diferentes níveis de impactos. Jaboticabal. 45p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
REDDING, T.; TODD, S.; MIDLEN, A. 1997 The treatment of aquaculture wastewater - A botanical approach. Journal of Environmental Management,50: 283-299.
REDDY, K.R. and DEBUSK, T.A. 1987 State of the art utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution
control. Water Science and Technology, 19: 61-79.
SCHWARTZ, M.F.; BOYD, C.E. 1995 Constructed wetlands for treatment of channel catfish pond effluents. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 57: 255-266.
SHILO, M. e RIMON, A. 1982 Factors which effect the intensification of fish breeding in Israel. 2.Ammonia transformation in intensive fish ponds.Bamidgeh, 34(3): 101-114.
SILVERT, W. 1992 Assessing environmental impact of finfish aquaculture in marine waters. Aquaculture,
107: 67-79.
SRAC. 1998 Characterization and management of effluents from aquaculture ponds in the southeastern United
States. New York: Pub. 600.
STICKNEY, R.R. 1979 Principles of warm water aquaculture. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TIAGO, G.G. 2002 Aquicultura, meio Ambiente e legislação. São Paulo: Editora Annablume, 162p.
TOVAR, A.; MORENO, C.; MÁNUEL-VEZ, M. P.;GARCÍA-VARGAS, M. 2000 Environmental impacts of intensive aquaculture in marine waters. Water Resource, 34(1): 334-342.
VALENTI, W.C. 2000 Aquaculture for sustainable development. In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; . In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; In: VALENTI, W.C.; POLI, C.R.; PEREIRA, J.A.; BORGHETTI, J.R. Aqüicultura no Brasil: bases para um desenvolvimento sustentável.Brasília: CNPq/Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia.
VINATEA, L.A.A. 2000 Modos de apropriação e gestão patrimonial de recursos costeiros. Florianópolis. 250p.
(Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
VYMAZAL, J. 1998 Types of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WETLAND SYSTEMS FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL, 6, 1998, Águas de São Pedro. Anais…p.150-166.
WOOD, A. 1995 Constructed wetlands in water pollution control: fundamentals to their understanding. Water Science and Technology, 32(3):21-29.
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2018-11-01
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