Conservação de dessaturase e elongases em um teleósteo carnívoro brasileiro de água doce: a piranha vermelha (Pygocentrus nattereri)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.51.e935Palavras-chave:
Ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa, Biossíntese endógena, Espécies nativasResumo
A biossíntese endógena de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa (LC-PUFAs) em peixes é espécie específica e depende de vários fatores, como nível trófico, hábitos alimentares, características ambientais, posição taxonômica e principalmente conservação e atividade das dessaturases de ácidos graxos (Fads) e elongases (Elovl). Portanto, o estudo da conservação evolutiva desses genes em diferentes espécies de peixes se tornou rotineiro para entender o metabolismo lipídico e sua essencialidade em cada espécie estudada. Apesar de sua importância para os peixes, há a falta de compreensão de como o ambiente e o nível trófico afetam a capacidade de biossíntese de LC-PUFAs em teleósteos carnívoros de água doce. A piranha vermelha (Pygocentrus nattereri) é um peixe carnívoro de água doce de interesse para a aquicultura brasileira. No presente projeto, em nível de bioinformática, identificamos os genes e caracterizamos as proteínas das Fads2 e Elovls presentes no genoma da piranha vermelha. A comparação de sequências e a análise filogenética sugeriram que as proteínas Fads2 e Elovls estão intimamente relacionadas a proteínas previamente caracterizadas de espécies de peixes carnívoros e herbívoros de água doce. Como conclusão, sugerimos que a piranha vermelha tem a possível, pelo menos parcial, capacidade de bioconverter C18 PUFA em LC-PUFAs por meio das atividades de Fads2 e Elovls.
Referências
Bell, M. V., & Tocher, D. R. (2009). Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in aquatic ecosystems: General pathways and new directions. In M. Kainz, M. Brett & M. Arts (eds.), Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems (pp. 211-236). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89366-2_9
Bláhová, Z., Franek, R., Let, M., Blaha, M., Psenicka, M., & Mraz, J. (2022). Partial fads2 gene knockout diverts LCPUFA biosynthesis via an alternative Δ8 pathway with an impact on the reproduction of female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genes, 13(4), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040700
Castro, L. F. C., Monroig, Ó., Leaver, M. J., Wilson, J., Cunha, I., & Tocher, D. R. (2012). Functional desaturase Fads1 (Δ5) and Fads2 (Δ6) orthologues evolved before the origin of jawed vertebrates. PLoS One, 7(2), e31950. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031950
Castro, L. F. C., Tocher, D. R., & Monroig, O. (2016). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire. Progress in Lipid Research, 62, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.001
Ferraz, R. B., Kabeya, N., Lopes-Marques, M., Machado, A. M., Ribeiro, R. A., Salaro, A. L., Ozório, R., Castro, L. F. C., & Monroig, Ó. (2019). A complete enzymatic capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is present in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 227, 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.09.003
Ferraz, R. B., Machado, A. M., Navarro, J. C., Cunha, I., Ozório, R., Salaro, A. L., Castro, L. F. C., & Monroig, Ó. (2020). The fatty acid elongation genes elovl4a and elovl4b are present and functional in the genome of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 245, 110447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110447
Ferraz, R. B., Paixão, R. V., Lopes-Marques, M., Machado, A. M., Salaro, A. L., Castro, L. F. C., Monroig, Ó., & O’Sullivan, F. L. A. (2022). The repertoire of the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) protein family is conserved in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): Gene expression profiles offer insights into the sexual differentiation process. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 261, 110749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110749
Galindo, A., Garrido, D., Monroig, Ó., Pérez, J. A., Betancor, M. B., Acosta, N. G., Kabeya, N., Marrero, M. A., Bolaños, A., & Rodríguez, C. (2021). Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in three fish species with different trophic levels. Aquaculture, 530, 735761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735761
Garrido, D., Kabeya, N., Betancor, M. B., Pérez, J. A., Acosta, N. G., Tocher, D. R., Rodríguez, C., & Monroig, Ó. (2019). Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 11199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47709-0
Hashimoto, K., Yoshizawa, A. C., Okuda, S., Kuma, K., Goto, S., & Kanehisa, M. (2008). The repertoire of desaturases and elongases reveals fatty acid variations in 56 eukaryotic genomes. Journal of Lipid Research, 49(1), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m700377-jlr200
Kuah, M.-K., Jaya-Ram, A., & Shu-Chien, A. C. (2015). The capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a carnivorous vertebrate: Functional characterisation and nutritional regulation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity and an Elovl5 elongase in striped snakehead (Channa striata). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)- Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1851(3), 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.012
Kuah, M.-K., Jaya-Ram, A., & Shu-Chien, A. C. (2016). A fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) with dual Δ6 and Δ5 activities from the freshwater carnivorous striped snakehead Channa striata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 201, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.007
Leonard, A. E., Pereira, S. L., Sprecher, H., & Huang, Y. S. (2004). Elongation of long-chain fatty acids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 43(1), 36-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-7827(03)00040-7
Li, Y., Monroig, O., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Zheng, X., Dick, J. R., You, C., & Tocher, D. R. (2010). Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(39), 16840 16845. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008429107
Li, Y., Wen, Z., You, C., Xie, Z., Tocher, D. R., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., & Li, Y. (2020). Genome wide identification and functional characterization of two LC-PUFA biosynthesis elongase (elovl8) genes in rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus). Aquaculture, 522, 735127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735127
Lim, Z. L., Senger, T., & Vrinten, P. (2014). Four amino acid residues influence the substrate chain-length and regioselectivity of Siganus canaliculatus Δ4 and Δ5/6 desaturases. Lipids, 49(4), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-014-3880-0
Lopes-Marques, M., Kabeya, N., Qian, Y., Ruivo, R., Santos, M. M., Venkatesh, B., Tocher, D. R., Castro, L. F. C., & Monroig, Ó. (2018). Retention of fatty acyl desaturase 1 (fads1) in Elopomorpha and Cyclostomata provides novel insights into the evolution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in vertebrates. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1271-5
Lopes-Marques, M., Ozório, R., Amaral, R., Tocher, D. R., Monroig, Ó., & Castro, L. F. (2017). Molecular and functional characterization of a fads2 orthologue in the Amazonian teleost, Arapaima gigas. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 203, 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.09.007
Los, D. A., & Murata, N. (1998). Structure and expression of fatty acid desaturases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1394(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00091-5
Meesapyodsuk, D., Reed, D. W., Covello, P. S., & Qiu, X. (2007). Primary structure, regioselectivity, and evolution of the membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases of Claviceps purpurea. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(28), 20191-20199. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M702196200
Morais, S., Castanheira, F., Martinez-Rubio, L., Conceição, L. E., & Tocher, D. R. (2012). Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a marine vertebrate: Ontogenetic and nutritional regulation of a fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1821(4), 660-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.12.011
Morais, S., Monroig, O., Zheng, X., Leaver, M. J., & Tocher, D. R. (2009). Highly unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Atlantic salmon: Characterization of ELOVL5- and ELOVL2-like elongases. Marine Biotechnology, 11(5), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-009-9179-0
Oboh, A., Kabeya, N., Carmona-Antoñanzas, G., Castro, L. F. C., Dick, J. R., Tocher, D. R., & Monroig, O.(2017). Two alternative pathways for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) biosynthesis are widespread among teleost fish. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 3889. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04288-2
Omasits, U., Ahrens, C. H., Müller, S., & Wollscheid, B. (2014). Protter: Interactive protein feature visualization and integration with experimental proteomic data. Bioinformatics, 30(6), 884-886. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt607
Sam, K. K., Lau, N. S., Kuah, M. K., Lading, E. A., Shu-Chien, A. C. (2022). A complete inventory of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in the miniaturized cyprinid Paedocypris micromegethes. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(4), 817-838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01082-4
Sayanova, O., Beaudoin, F., Libisch, B., Castel, A., Shewry, P. R., & Napier, J. A. (2001). Mutagenesis and heterologous expression in yeast of a plant Δ6‐fatty acid desaturase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(360), 1581-1585. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.360.1581
Tinti, E., Geay, F., Lopes Rodrigues, M., Kestemont, P., Perpète, E. A., & Michaux, C. (2019). Molecular cloning and 3D model of a fatty-acid elongase in a carnivorous freshwater teleost, the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). 3 Biotech, 9(6), 242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1773-x
Tocher, D. R. (2010). Fatty acid requirements in ontogeny of marine and freshwater fish. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 717-732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02150.x
Trushenski, J. T., & Rombenso, A. N. (2020). Trophic levels predict the nutritional essentiality of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish—Introduction to a special section and a brief synthesis. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 82(3), 241-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/naaq.10137
Tsirigos, K. D., Peters, C., Shu, N., Käll, L., & Elofsson, A. (2015). The TOPCONS web server for consensus prediction of membrane protein topology and signal peptides. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(W1), W401-W407. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv485
Wang, S. Q., Wang, M., Zhang, H., Yan, X., Guo, H., You, C., Tocher, D. R., Chen, C., & Li, Y. (2020). Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in carnivorous marine teleosts: Insight into the profile of endogenous biosynthesis in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Aquaculture, 522, 735127. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14410
Xie, D., Fu, Z., Wang, S., You, C., Monroig, Ó., Tocher, D. R., & Li, Y. (2018). Characteristics of the fads2 gene promoter in marine teleost Epinephelus coioides and role of Sp1-binding site in determining promoter activity. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 5305. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23668-w
Xie, D., Ye, J., Lu, M., Wang, S., You, C., & Li, Y. (2020). Comparison of activities of fatty acyl desaturases and elongases among six teleosts with different feeding and ecological habits. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00117
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Karine Vasconcelos Costa, Raimudo de Jesus Tavares Diniz Neto, Yasmin Moreira de Souza, Rômulo Veiga Paixão, Renato Ferraz
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
