Composição lipídica de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae), de duas populações adaptadas a diferentes condições ambientais
Palavras-chave:
ácidos graxos, peixes, jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, salinidade, DHA, EPAResumo
A composição lipídica do músculo de peixes é afetada por fatores intrínsecos (características metabólicas, hábitos migratórios, idade) e/ou extrínsecos (habitat, temperatura, salinidade). Em particular, a composição em·ácidos graxos e a relação n3:n6 em diferentes tecidos são afetadas pela salinidade. No presente estudo, indivíduos selvagens de jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, foram capturados em dois lugares com condições ambientais diferentes: um rio de água doce (SG) e uma lagoa costeira com significativas variações de salinidade. A composição em ·ácidos graxos do músculo de indivíduos das duas populações foi determinada e comparada. Os maiores valores foram registrados em SG, refletindo, possivelmente, a alta disponibilidade de alimento no verão, estação em que os indivíduos foram capturados. Neste estudo, o valor da relação n-3:n-6 esteve próximo de 2, caracterizando um peixe de água doce. Porém, quando comparadas as duas populações, observa-se que, em indivíduos de SG, o valor da relação n-3:n-6 é inferior ao registrado naqueles de LR. Este fato pode estar associado a condições ambientais e/ou dietas diferentes. Embora os exemplares tenham sido coletados em lugares, estações e condições ambientais diferentes, as relações entre ácidos graxos essenciais do músculo permaneceram constantes. Outros estudos que focalizem estas relações em condições ambientais extremas são necessários para confirmar estes dados e aportar informações para uma adequada formulação de dietas.
Referências
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(Ed.). Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems. New York: Springer-Verlag. 318p.
AUBRIOT, L.; CONDE, D.; BONILLA, S.; SOMMARUGA, R. 2004 Phosphate uptake behavior of natural phytoplankton during exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation in a shallow coastal lagoon. Marine Biology, 144: 623-631.
BELL, J.G.; GHIONI, C.; SARGENT, J.R. 1994 Fatty acid compositions of 10 freshwater invertebrates which are natural food organisms of Atlantic salmon par (Salmo salar): a comparison with commercial diets. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,128: 301-313.
BORLONGAN, I.G. and BENITEZ, L.V. 1992 Lipid and fatty acid composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) grown in freshwater and seawater. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 104:79-89.
CASTELL, J.D.; SINNHUBER, R.O.; LEE, D.J.; WALES, J.H. 1972 Essential fatty acids in the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): physiological symptoms of EFA defi ciency. Journal of Nutrition, 102: 87-92.
CHANMUGAN, P.; BOUDREAU, M.; JEFCOAT, C.; HWANG, D.H. 1986 Lipid composition differs in wild and cultured fish and shellfish. Louisiana Agricultural, Louisiana, 29: 8-9.
CHRISTIE, W.W. 1982 Lipid Analysis. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 207p.
CLEMENT, S. and LOVELL, R.T. 1994 Comparison of processing yield and nutrient composition of cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfi sh (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 119: 299-310.
CONDE, D.; BONILLA, S.; AUBRIOT, L; DE LEâ€ÂN, R.; PINTOS, W. 1999 Comparison of the areal amount of chlorophyll-a of planktonic and attached microalgae in shallow coastal lagoon.Hydrobiologia, 408/409: 285-291.
DE SILVA, S.S; GUNASEKERA, R.M.; AUSTIN, C.M.1997 Changes in the fatty acid profi les of hybrid red tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus,subjected to short-term starvation, and comparison with changes in seawater raised fish. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 153: 273-290.
DE SILVA, S.S.; GUNASEKERA, R.M.; AUSTIN, C.M.; ALLINSON, G. 1998 Habitat related variations in fatty acids of catadromous Galaxias maculatus. Aquatic Living Resources, Nantes, 11(6): 379-385.
FACONNEAU, B. and LAROCHE, M. 1996 Characteristics of the fl esh and quality of products of catfishes.Aquatic Living Resources, Nantes, 9: 165-179.
FAO 2000 FISHSTAT Plus: Universal Software for fi shery statistical time series. Version 2.30. FAO
Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistic Unit.
FOLCH, J.; LESS, S.; STANLEY, G.H.S. 1957 A simple ethod for isolation and purifi cation of total lipids from animals tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226: 497-509.
FRACALOSSI, D.M.; ZANIBONI FILHO, E.; MEURER, S. 2002 No rastro das espécies nativas. Panorama da Aq¸icultura, 12: 43-49.
GARCÍA, D.J. 1995 Aspectos Biológicos del Bagre Negro con Enfasis en su Alimentación. Montevideo. 66p.
(Tesis de Licenciatura. Facultad de Ciencias,UDELAR).
GHIONI, C.; BELL, J.G.; SARGENT, J.R. 1996 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in neutral lipids and phospholipids of some freshwater insects. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 114B(2):161-170.
HALILOGLU, H.I.; BAYIR, A.; SIRKECIOGLU, A.N.; MEVLUT ARAS, N.; ATAMANALP, M. 2004 Comparison of fatty acid composition in some tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)living in seawater and freshwater. Food Chemistry, 86: 55-59.
HENDERSON, R.J. and TOCHER, D. 1987 The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish.Progress in Lipid Research, 26: 257-276.
JABS, K.; ZEIDEL, M.L.; SILVA, P. 1989 Prostaglandin E2 inhibitsNa+-K+-ATPase activity in the inner medullary collecting duct. American Journal of Physiology, 257: 424-430.
J E O N G , B - Y ; J E O N G , W - G . ; M O O N , S . K . ; OHSHIMA, T. 2002 Preferential accumulation of fatty acids in the testis and ovary of cultured and wild sweet smel Plecoglossus altivelis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 131(B): 251-259.
JUSTI, K.C.; HAYASHI, C.; VISENTAINER, J.V.; DE SOUZA, N.E.; MATSUSHITA, M. 2003 The influence of feed supply time and the fatty acid profi le of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on a diet enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Food Chemistry, 80: 489-493.
LUCHINI, L. 1990 Manual para el cultivo del Bagre Sudamericano (Rhamdia sapo). Santiago de Chile: RLAC/90/16-PES-20. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Oficina Regional para América Latina y el Caribe. 60p.
MANTHEY, M.; HILGE, V.; REHBEIN, H. 1988 Sensory and chemical evaluation of three catfi sh species (Silurus glanis, Ictalurus punctatus, Clarias gariepinus) from intensive cultive. Archiv Fischereiwissenschaft,38: 215-227.
MEYER, G. and FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2004 Protein requirement of jundi· fi ngerlings, Rhamdia quelen,at two dietary energy concentrations. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 240: 331-343.
MUSTAFA, T. and SRIVASTAVA, K.C. 1989 Prostaglandins (eicosanoids) and their role in ectothermic organisms. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, 5: 157-207.
NG, W-K.; LIM, P.K.; BOEY, P-L. 2003 Dietary lipid palm oil source affects growth, fatty acid composition and muscle α-tocopherol concentration of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 215:
229-243.
RINGUELET, R.A.; ARAMBURU, R.H.; DE ARAMBURU, A.A. 1967 Los Peces Argentinos de Agua Dulce. La Plata: Direccií"ºn de Impresiones del Estado y Boletín Oficial. 600p.
ROBIN, J.H.; REGOST, C.; ARZEL, J.; KAUSHIK,S.J. 2003 Fatty acid profi le of fish following a change in dietary fatty acid source: model of fatty acid composition with a dilution hypothesis.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 225: 283-293.
SARGENT, J.; BELL, G.; MCEVOY, L.; TOCHER, D.; ESTEVEZ, A. 1999 Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 177: 191-199.
SHERIDAN, M.A.; ALLEN, W.V.; KERSTETTER, T.H. 1985 Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, associated with par-smolt transformation. Comparative Biochemistry and hysiology, 80(B): 671-676.
SHIRAI, N.; SUZUKI, H.; TOKAIRIN, S.; EHARA,H.; WADA, S. 2002 Dietary and seasonal effects on the dorsal meat lipid composition of Japanese (Silurus asotus) and Thai catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) and hybrid Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias gariepinus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 132(A): 609-619.
SILFVERGRIP, A.M.C. 1996 A systematic revision of the Neotropical catfi sh genus Rhamdia (Teleostei, Pimelodidae). Stockholm. 156p. (PhD Thesis.Departament of Vertebrate Zoology. Swedish Museum of Natural History).
SOIVIO, A.; NIEMISTO, M.; BACKSTROM, M. 1989 Fatty acid composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas: Changes during incubation, hatching, feeding and starvation. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,79: 163-168.
STEFFENS, W. 1987 Principios fundamentales de la alimentación de los peces. Barcelona: Editorial ACRIBIA s.a. 275p
STEFFENS, W. 1997 Effects of variation in essential fatty acids on nutritive value of freshwater fish for
humans. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 151: 97-119.
STEEL, R.G. and TORRIE, J.A. 1980 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A biometrical approach.2.ed. New York: McGraw Hill. 633p.
TAKEUCHI, T. and WATANABE, T. 1982 The effects of starvation and environmental temperature on proximate and fatty acid composition of carp and rainbow trout. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 48: 1307-1316.
TOCHER, D.R. 2003 Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(2): 107-184.
ULIANA, O.; SOUZA DA SILVA, J.H.; RADUNZ NETO, J. 2001 Substituição parcial ou total de Óleo de canola por lecitina de soja em rações para larvas de jundiá(Rhamdia quelen) Pisces, Pimelodidae.Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 31: 677-681.
WATANABE, T. 1975 Effect of dietary methyl linoleate and linolenate on growth of carp II-. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 41: 263-269.
WATANABE, T. 1982 Lipid nutrition in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 73(B): 3-15.
ZENEBE, T.; AHLGREN, G.; BOBERG, M. 1998 Fatty acid content of some freshwater fish of commercial importance from tropical lakes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Journal of Fish Biology, 53: 987-1005.
(Ed.). Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems. New York: Springer-Verlag. 318p.
AUBRIOT, L.; CONDE, D.; BONILLA, S.; SOMMARUGA, R. 2004 Phosphate uptake behavior of natural phytoplankton during exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation in a shallow coastal lagoon. Marine Biology, 144: 623-631.
BELL, J.G.; GHIONI, C.; SARGENT, J.R. 1994 Fatty acid compositions of 10 freshwater invertebrates which are natural food organisms of Atlantic salmon par (Salmo salar): a comparison with commercial diets. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,128: 301-313.
BORLONGAN, I.G. and BENITEZ, L.V. 1992 Lipid and fatty acid composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) grown in freshwater and seawater. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 104:79-89.
CASTELL, J.D.; SINNHUBER, R.O.; LEE, D.J.; WALES, J.H. 1972 Essential fatty acids in the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): physiological symptoms of EFA defi ciency. Journal of Nutrition, 102: 87-92.
CHANMUGAN, P.; BOUDREAU, M.; JEFCOAT, C.; HWANG, D.H. 1986 Lipid composition differs in wild and cultured fish and shellfish. Louisiana Agricultural, Louisiana, 29: 8-9.
CHRISTIE, W.W. 1982 Lipid Analysis. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 207p.
CLEMENT, S. and LOVELL, R.T. 1994 Comparison of processing yield and nutrient composition of cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfi sh (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 119: 299-310.
CONDE, D.; BONILLA, S.; AUBRIOT, L; DE LEâ€ÂN, R.; PINTOS, W. 1999 Comparison of the areal amount of chlorophyll-a of planktonic and attached microalgae in shallow coastal lagoon.Hydrobiologia, 408/409: 285-291.
DE SILVA, S.S; GUNASEKERA, R.M.; AUSTIN, C.M.1997 Changes in the fatty acid profi les of hybrid red tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus,subjected to short-term starvation, and comparison with changes in seawater raised fish. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 153: 273-290.
DE SILVA, S.S.; GUNASEKERA, R.M.; AUSTIN, C.M.; ALLINSON, G. 1998 Habitat related variations in fatty acids of catadromous Galaxias maculatus. Aquatic Living Resources, Nantes, 11(6): 379-385.
FACONNEAU, B. and LAROCHE, M. 1996 Characteristics of the fl esh and quality of products of catfishes.Aquatic Living Resources, Nantes, 9: 165-179.
FAO 2000 FISHSTAT Plus: Universal Software for fi shery statistical time series. Version 2.30. FAO
Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistic Unit.
FOLCH, J.; LESS, S.; STANLEY, G.H.S. 1957 A simple ethod for isolation and purifi cation of total lipids from animals tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226: 497-509.
FRACALOSSI, D.M.; ZANIBONI FILHO, E.; MEURER, S. 2002 No rastro das espécies nativas. Panorama da Aq¸icultura, 12: 43-49.
GARCÍA, D.J. 1995 Aspectos Biológicos del Bagre Negro con Enfasis en su Alimentación. Montevideo. 66p.
(Tesis de Licenciatura. Facultad de Ciencias,UDELAR).
GHIONI, C.; BELL, J.G.; SARGENT, J.R. 1996 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in neutral lipids and phospholipids of some freshwater insects. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 114B(2):161-170.
HALILOGLU, H.I.; BAYIR, A.; SIRKECIOGLU, A.N.; MEVLUT ARAS, N.; ATAMANALP, M. 2004 Comparison of fatty acid composition in some tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)living in seawater and freshwater. Food Chemistry, 86: 55-59.
HENDERSON, R.J. and TOCHER, D. 1987 The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish.Progress in Lipid Research, 26: 257-276.
JABS, K.; ZEIDEL, M.L.; SILVA, P. 1989 Prostaglandin E2 inhibitsNa+-K+-ATPase activity in the inner medullary collecting duct. American Journal of Physiology, 257: 424-430.
J E O N G , B - Y ; J E O N G , W - G . ; M O O N , S . K . ; OHSHIMA, T. 2002 Preferential accumulation of fatty acids in the testis and ovary of cultured and wild sweet smel Plecoglossus altivelis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 131(B): 251-259.
JUSTI, K.C.; HAYASHI, C.; VISENTAINER, J.V.; DE SOUZA, N.E.; MATSUSHITA, M. 2003 The influence of feed supply time and the fatty acid profi le of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on a diet enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Food Chemistry, 80: 489-493.
LUCHINI, L. 1990 Manual para el cultivo del Bagre Sudamericano (Rhamdia sapo). Santiago de Chile: RLAC/90/16-PES-20. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Oficina Regional para América Latina y el Caribe. 60p.
MANTHEY, M.; HILGE, V.; REHBEIN, H. 1988 Sensory and chemical evaluation of three catfi sh species (Silurus glanis, Ictalurus punctatus, Clarias gariepinus) from intensive cultive. Archiv Fischereiwissenschaft,38: 215-227.
MEYER, G. and FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2004 Protein requirement of jundi· fi ngerlings, Rhamdia quelen,at two dietary energy concentrations. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 240: 331-343.
MUSTAFA, T. and SRIVASTAVA, K.C. 1989 Prostaglandins (eicosanoids) and their role in ectothermic organisms. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, 5: 157-207.
NG, W-K.; LIM, P.K.; BOEY, P-L. 2003 Dietary lipid palm oil source affects growth, fatty acid composition and muscle α-tocopherol concentration of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 215:
229-243.
RINGUELET, R.A.; ARAMBURU, R.H.; DE ARAMBURU, A.A. 1967 Los Peces Argentinos de Agua Dulce. La Plata: Direccií"ºn de Impresiones del Estado y Boletín Oficial. 600p.
ROBIN, J.H.; REGOST, C.; ARZEL, J.; KAUSHIK,S.J. 2003 Fatty acid profi le of fish following a change in dietary fatty acid source: model of fatty acid composition with a dilution hypothesis.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 225: 283-293.
SARGENT, J.; BELL, G.; MCEVOY, L.; TOCHER, D.; ESTEVEZ, A. 1999 Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 177: 191-199.
SHERIDAN, M.A.; ALLEN, W.V.; KERSTETTER, T.H. 1985 Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, associated with par-smolt transformation. Comparative Biochemistry and hysiology, 80(B): 671-676.
SHIRAI, N.; SUZUKI, H.; TOKAIRIN, S.; EHARA,H.; WADA, S. 2002 Dietary and seasonal effects on the dorsal meat lipid composition of Japanese (Silurus asotus) and Thai catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) and hybrid Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias gariepinus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 132(A): 609-619.
SILFVERGRIP, A.M.C. 1996 A systematic revision of the Neotropical catfi sh genus Rhamdia (Teleostei, Pimelodidae). Stockholm. 156p. (PhD Thesis.Departament of Vertebrate Zoology. Swedish Museum of Natural History).
SOIVIO, A.; NIEMISTO, M.; BACKSTROM, M. 1989 Fatty acid composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas: Changes during incubation, hatching, feeding and starvation. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,79: 163-168.
STEFFENS, W. 1987 Principios fundamentales de la alimentación de los peces. Barcelona: Editorial ACRIBIA s.a. 275p
STEFFENS, W. 1997 Effects of variation in essential fatty acids on nutritive value of freshwater fish for
humans. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 151: 97-119.
STEEL, R.G. and TORRIE, J.A. 1980 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A biometrical approach.2.ed. New York: McGraw Hill. 633p.
TAKEUCHI, T. and WATANABE, T. 1982 The effects of starvation and environmental temperature on proximate and fatty acid composition of carp and rainbow trout. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 48: 1307-1316.
TOCHER, D.R. 2003 Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(2): 107-184.
ULIANA, O.; SOUZA DA SILVA, J.H.; RADUNZ NETO, J. 2001 Substituição parcial ou total de Óleo de canola por lecitina de soja em rações para larvas de jundiá(Rhamdia quelen) Pisces, Pimelodidae.Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 31: 677-681.
WATANABE, T. 1975 Effect of dietary methyl linoleate and linolenate on growth of carp II-. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 41: 263-269.
WATANABE, T. 1982 Lipid nutrition in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 73(B): 3-15.
ZENEBE, T.; AHLGREN, G.; BOBERG, M. 1998 Fatty acid content of some freshwater fish of commercial importance from tropical lakes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Journal of Fish Biology, 53: 987-1005.
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2018-10-30
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