Aeromonas caviae durante surto de mortalidade em tilápia do nilo e suplementação com vitamina c na dieta
Palavras-chave:
Oreochromis niloticus, infecção, Aeromonas caviae, mortalidade, vitamina CResumo
Foi avaliada uma alta mortalidade de tilápias-do-nilo criadas em tanques-rede no reservatório de Três Irmãos, Estado de São Paulo. Num período de 52 dias morreram 1.245 peixes, observando-se maiores mortalidades entre 23 e 34 dias após os primeiros sinais clínicos. Os peixes aparentavam estar sadios, mas morriam após se alimentar. Parí¢metros aquáticos apresentaram valores normais sem relação com a mortalidade. A necropsia indicou palidez do fígado, e o exame parasitológico revelou baixo número de parasitos protozoários e Monogenoidea na superfície corporal e brí¢nquias. Amostras de fígado e rins foram retiradas para isolamento bacteriano, revelando presença de Aeromonas caviae. Após 10 dias de suplementação com 1.000 mg de vitamina C/kg de ração, a mortalidade reduziu 58%. A manutenção dos peixes em sistema intensivo, o baixo nível de vitamina C na dieta e o manejo inadequado podem ter colaborado para o surgimento da infecção. Ressalta-se a necessidade de suplementação vitamínica em dietas para tilápias criadas em sistema intensivo.
Referências
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AGGER, W.A.; McCORMICK, J.D.; GURWITH, M.J.1985 Clinical and microbiological features of Aeromonas hydrophila-associated diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Washington, 21: 909-913.
ANBARASU, K e CHANDRAN, M.R. 2001 Effect of ascorbic acid on the immune response of the catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton), to different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Aberdeen, 11: 347-355.
AOKI, T. 1999 Motile aeromonads (Aeromonas hydrophila). In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) Fish diseases and disorders. Oxon: CABI Publ., v.3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections, cap.11,p.247-453.
AUSTIN, B. e AUSTIN, D.A. 1999 Bacterial Fish Pathogens, 3th edn. Chichester, UK: SpringerPraxis, 364p.
AZAD, I.S.; RAJENDRAN, K.V.; RAJAN, J.J.S.; VIJAYAN, K.K.; SANTIAGO, T.C. 2001 Virulence and histopathology of Aeromonas hydrophila (Sah 93) in experimentally infected tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics,
Calcutta, 16(3): 265-275.
CANDAN, A.; KUCU KER, M.A.; KARATAS, S. 1995 Motile aeromonad septicemia in Salmo salar cultured in the black sea in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma,15: 195í 196.
COSTA, A.B. 1998 Ictiopatologia e manejo sanitário em piscicultura intensiva. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE MANEJO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PEIXES, 2., Campinas,1998. Anais... Campinas: CBNA. p.73-96.
GHIRALDELLI, L.; MARTINS, M.L.; JERÔNIMO, G.T.; YAMASHITA, M.M.; ADAMANTE, W.B. 2006 Ectoparasites communities from Oreochromis niloticus cultivated in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,USA, 1(2): 181-190.
HAVELAAR, A.H. e VONK, M. 1988 The preparation of ampicillin dextrin agar for the enumeration of Aeromonas in water. Letters in Applied Microbiology,Washington, 7: 169-171.
HOLLIMAN, A. 1993 The veterinary approach to trout. In: BROWN. L. (Ed.). Aquaculture for veterinarians: fish husbandry and medicine. Oxford: Pergamon Press, cap.14., p.223-247.
HUDSON, J.A. e LACY, K.M. 1991 Incidence of motile aeromonads in New Zealand retail foods. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 54: 696-699.
KATOCH, R.C.; SHARMA, M.; VERMA, S.; DHAR, P. 2001 Bacterial pathogens of carps and other fish in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Veterinary Journal,Madras, 78: 984-986.
LI. Y. e LOVELL, R.T. 1985 Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune response in channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition, Philadelphia, 115:123 -131.
MAJEED, K.N.; EGAN, A.F.; Mac RAE, I.C. 1990 Production of exotoxins by Aeromonas spp. at 5o C. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Oxford, 69:332-337.
MARTINS, M.L.; ONAKA, E.M.; MORAES, F.R.;BOZZO F.R.; PAIVA, A.M.F.C.;GONí"¡ALVES, A. A. 2002 Recent studies on parasitic infections of freshwater cultivated fish in the State of São Paulo,Brazil. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24(4): 981-985.
NEVES, M.S.; NUNES, M.P.; RICCIARDI, I.D. 1990 Incidence of motile Aeromonas species in aquatic environments of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 53: 78-80.
OGARA, W.O.; MBUTHIA, P.G.; KABURIA, H.F.A.;SíËœRUM, H.; KAGUNYA, D.K.; NDUTHU, D.I.;COLQUHOUN, D. 1998 Motile aeromonads associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mortality in Kenya. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma, 18: 7í 9.
PALUMBO, S.A.; MAXINO, F.; WILLIAMS, A.C.;BUCHANAN, R.L.; THAí-ER, D.W. 1985 Starchampicillin agar for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, 50: 1027-1030.
PLUMB, J.A 1994 Health maintenance of cultured fishes.CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 254p.
POPOFF, M. 1984 Genus III. Aeromonas Kluyver and Aeromonas Kluyver and Van Niel. p. 545-548. In: N.R. DRIEG (ed.), Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, Baltimore.
POPOFF, M.; VERON, M. 1976 A taxonomic study of the Aeromonas hydrophila-Aeromonas punctata group. Journal of General Microbiology, New York,94: 11-22.
RALL, V.L.M.; IARIA, S.T.; HEIDTMANN, S.;PIMENTA, F.C.; GAMBA, R.C.; PEDROSO, D.M.M.1998 Aeromonas species isolated from pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma sp.): virulence factors and drug susceptibility. Revista de Microbiologia, São Paulo,
29: 222-227.
REHULKA, J. 2002 Aeromonas causes severe skin lesions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss):clinical pathology, haematology and biochemistry.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, Brno, 71: 351-360.
SOLIMAN, A.K.; JAUNCEY, K.; ROBERTS, R.J. 1994 Water-soluble vitamin requirements of tilapia: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) requirement of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Thailand, 25: 269-278.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES, F.R. 2001 Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de "pesque-pague†do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil I Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TENDENCIA, E.A. 2002 Vibrio harveyi isolated from cage-cultured seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch in the Philippines. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33:455-458.
TORANZO, A.E.; BARJA, A.M.; ROMALDE, J.L.;HETRICK, F.M. 1989 Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesuer. Journal of Fish Diseases, Oxford, 12: 439í 448.
TORANZO, A.E.; NOVOA, B.; ROMALDE, J.L.;NUí"˜EZ, S.; DEVESA, S.; MARIí"˜O, E.; SILVA, R.; MARTÍNEZ, E.; FIGUERAS, A.; BARJA, J.L. 1993 Microflora associated with healthy and diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from three farms in northwest Spain. Aquaculture, Amsterdan,114: 189-202.
VENTURA, M.T. e GRIZZLE, J.M. 1987 Evaluation of portals of entry of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 65: 205-214.
VERLHAC, V. e GABAUDAN, J. 1994 Influence of vitamin C on the immune system of salmonids.Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,Thailand, Thailand,25: 21-36.
AGGER, W.A.; McCORMICK, J.D.; GURWITH, M.J.1985 Clinical and microbiological features of Aeromonas hydrophila-associated diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Washington, 21: 909-913.
ANBARASU, K e CHANDRAN, M.R. 2001 Effect of ascorbic acid on the immune response of the catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton), to different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Aberdeen, 11: 347-355.
AOKI, T. 1999 Motile aeromonads (Aeromonas hydrophila). In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) Fish diseases and disorders. Oxon: CABI Publ., v.3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections, cap.11,p.247-453.
AUSTIN, B. e AUSTIN, D.A. 1999 Bacterial Fish Pathogens, 3th edn. Chichester, UK: SpringerPraxis, 364p.
AZAD, I.S.; RAJENDRAN, K.V.; RAJAN, J.J.S.; VIJAYAN, K.K.; SANTIAGO, T.C. 2001 Virulence and histopathology of Aeromonas hydrophila (Sah 93) in experimentally infected tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics,
Calcutta, 16(3): 265-275.
CANDAN, A.; KUCU KER, M.A.; KARATAS, S. 1995 Motile aeromonad septicemia in Salmo salar cultured in the black sea in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma,15: 195í 196.
COSTA, A.B. 1998 Ictiopatologia e manejo sanitário em piscicultura intensiva. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE MANEJO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PEIXES, 2., Campinas,1998. Anais... Campinas: CBNA. p.73-96.
GHIRALDELLI, L.; MARTINS, M.L.; JERÔNIMO, G.T.; YAMASHITA, M.M.; ADAMANTE, W.B. 2006 Ectoparasites communities from Oreochromis niloticus cultivated in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,USA, 1(2): 181-190.
HAVELAAR, A.H. e VONK, M. 1988 The preparation of ampicillin dextrin agar for the enumeration of Aeromonas in water. Letters in Applied Microbiology,Washington, 7: 169-171.
HOLLIMAN, A. 1993 The veterinary approach to trout. In: BROWN. L. (Ed.). Aquaculture for veterinarians: fish husbandry and medicine. Oxford: Pergamon Press, cap.14., p.223-247.
HUDSON, J.A. e LACY, K.M. 1991 Incidence of motile aeromonads in New Zealand retail foods. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 54: 696-699.
KATOCH, R.C.; SHARMA, M.; VERMA, S.; DHAR, P. 2001 Bacterial pathogens of carps and other fish in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Veterinary Journal,Madras, 78: 984-986.
LI. Y. e LOVELL, R.T. 1985 Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune response in channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition, Philadelphia, 115:123 -131.
MAJEED, K.N.; EGAN, A.F.; Mac RAE, I.C. 1990 Production of exotoxins by Aeromonas spp. at 5o C. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Oxford, 69:332-337.
MARTINS, M.L.; ONAKA, E.M.; MORAES, F.R.;BOZZO F.R.; PAIVA, A.M.F.C.;GONí"¡ALVES, A. A. 2002 Recent studies on parasitic infections of freshwater cultivated fish in the State of São Paulo,Brazil. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24(4): 981-985.
NEVES, M.S.; NUNES, M.P.; RICCIARDI, I.D. 1990 Incidence of motile Aeromonas species in aquatic environments of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 53: 78-80.
OGARA, W.O.; MBUTHIA, P.G.; KABURIA, H.F.A.;SíËœRUM, H.; KAGUNYA, D.K.; NDUTHU, D.I.;COLQUHOUN, D. 1998 Motile aeromonads associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mortality in Kenya. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma, 18: 7í 9.
PALUMBO, S.A.; MAXINO, F.; WILLIAMS, A.C.;BUCHANAN, R.L.; THAí-ER, D.W. 1985 Starchampicillin agar for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, 50: 1027-1030.
PLUMB, J.A 1994 Health maintenance of cultured fishes.CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 254p.
POPOFF, M. 1984 Genus III. Aeromonas Kluyver and Aeromonas Kluyver and Van Niel. p. 545-548. In: N.R. DRIEG (ed.), Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, Baltimore.
POPOFF, M.; VERON, M. 1976 A taxonomic study of the Aeromonas hydrophila-Aeromonas punctata group. Journal of General Microbiology, New York,94: 11-22.
RALL, V.L.M.; IARIA, S.T.; HEIDTMANN, S.;PIMENTA, F.C.; GAMBA, R.C.; PEDROSO, D.M.M.1998 Aeromonas species isolated from pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma sp.): virulence factors and drug susceptibility. Revista de Microbiologia, São Paulo,
29: 222-227.
REHULKA, J. 2002 Aeromonas causes severe skin lesions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss):clinical pathology, haematology and biochemistry.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, Brno, 71: 351-360.
SOLIMAN, A.K.; JAUNCEY, K.; ROBERTS, R.J. 1994 Water-soluble vitamin requirements of tilapia: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) requirement of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Thailand, 25: 269-278.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES, F.R. 2001 Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de "pesque-pague†do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil I Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TENDENCIA, E.A. 2002 Vibrio harveyi isolated from cage-cultured seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch in the Philippines. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33:455-458.
TORANZO, A.E.; BARJA, A.M.; ROMALDE, J.L.;HETRICK, F.M. 1989 Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesuer. Journal of Fish Diseases, Oxford, 12: 439í 448.
TORANZO, A.E.; NOVOA, B.; ROMALDE, J.L.;NUí"˜EZ, S.; DEVESA, S.; MARIí"˜O, E.; SILVA, R.; MARTÍNEZ, E.; FIGUERAS, A.; BARJA, J.L. 1993 Microflora associated with healthy and diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from three farms in northwest Spain. Aquaculture, Amsterdan,114: 189-202.
VENTURA, M.T. e GRIZZLE, J.M. 1987 Evaluation of portals of entry of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 65: 205-214.
VERLHAC, V. e GABAUDAN, J. 1994 Influence of vitamin C on the immune system of salmonids.Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,Thailand, Thailand,25: 21-36.
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2018-11-04
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Nota científica (Short Communication)
