Toxicity and effects of copper sulfate on parasitic control and hematological response of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum
Keywords:
blood, freshwater fish, leukocytes, parasites, MonogenoideaAbstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the mean lethal concentration (LC50-96h) of copper sulfate (CuSO4) for juveniles Colossoma macropomum (Characidae), to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of CuSO4 on elimination of parasites, as well as to study the effects of CuSO4 on blood parameters after short-term exposure. After determination of the LC50-96h from 17.5 mg L-1 of CuSO4, it was investigated the effects of exposure for 48 h to 1.75, 4.37 and 8.75 mg L-1 of CuSO4 on parasites and blood parameters. In gills and skin, concentrations of 4.37 and 8.75 mg L-1 of CuSO4 eliminated Monogenoidea Anacanthorus spathulatus. In fish exposed to different concentrations of CuSO4, plasma total protein, chloride, potassium, glucose and copper levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit were similar to controls, whereas sodium levels presented decrease in fish exposed to 1.75 and 4.37 mg L-1. Red blood cell counts decreased in fish exposed to different three concentrations of CuSO4, while the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) increased. However, exposure to 8.75 mg L-1 of CuSO4 caused decrease on total leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and PAS-positive granular leukocytes (PAS-GL) number when compared to control fish.
References
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Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 27: 103-109.
GRIFFIN, R.B.; DAVIS, B.K.; SCHLENK, D. 1999 Effect of simulated copper sulphate therapy stress indicators in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 11: 231-236.
GROSELL, M.; NIELSEN, C.; BIANCHINI, A. 2002 Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,New York, 133C: 287-303.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSTON, R.V.1977 Trimmed spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science & Technology, Washington, 11: 714-719. Correction:
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MINISTÉRIO DA PESCA E AQUICULTURA - MPA. 2010 Produção pesqueira e aquícola. Estatística 2008 e 2009. Brasília (DF), 30p.
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MUKHOPADHYAY, M.K. and KONAR, S.K. 1984 Toxicity of copper, zinc and iron to fish, plankton and worm. Geobios, Jodhpur, 11: 204-207.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREE, H.H. 1995a Effect of copper on blood osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 369-380.
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NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995c Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 381-388.
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POYNTON, S.L.; CAMPBELL, T.W; PALM, H.W. 1997 Skin lesions in captive lemon sharks Negaprionbrevirostris (Carcharhinidae) associated with the monogenean Neodermophthirius harkemai Price, 1963 (Microbothriidae). Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms, Oldendorf, 31: 29-33.
SCHLENK, D.; GOLLON, J.L.; GRIFFIN, B.R. 1998 Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 10: 390-396.
SINGH, D.; NATH, K.; TRIVEDI, S.P.; SHARMA, Y.K. 2008 Impact of copper on hematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The Journal of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, 29:253-257.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; SANDRIN, E.F.S.; CAMPOSFILHO, E. 1999 Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. II. Leucócitos. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 16: 175-84.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES, F.R. 2003 Características hematológicas da Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)capturada em pesque-pague de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. Bioscience Journal, Uberlí¢ndia, 19:103-110.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES,F.R. 2001a Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. I. Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MORAES, F.R.; MARTINS,M.L.; KRONKA, S.N. 2001b Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. II. Metazoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 81-95.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHALCH,S.H.C.; ONAKA, E.M.; QUINTANA, C.I.F.;
MORAES, J.R.E.; MORAES, F.R. 2002 Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887(Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre (CuSO4). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24:547-554.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; LEMOS, J.R.G.; ANDRADE, S.M.S.; PEREIRA, S.L.A. 2006 Ocorrência de ectoparasitos em Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characidae) cultivados em estação de piscicultura na Amazônia Central. CIVA 2006, p.726-731. Disponível em:http://www.revistaaquatic.com/civa2006.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES F.R. 2007 Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.), with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinay Clinical Pathology, Madison, 36: 49-54.
THONEY, D.A. 1990 The effects of trichlorfon,prazquantel, and copper sulphate on various stages of the monogenean Benedeniella posterocolpa, a skin parasite of the cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus. Journal of Fish Diseases,Oxford, 13: 385-389.
VERA, M.P. and POCSIDIO, G.N. 1998 Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Science of the Total Environment, Michigan, 214: 193-202.
WILLIAMS, H.A. and WOOTTEN, R. 1981 Some effects of therapeutic levels of formalin and copper sulphate on blood parameters in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 24: 341-353.
WITESKA, M. 2005 Stress in fish. Hematological and immunological effects of heavy metals. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, Berlim, 1: 35-41.
WITESKA, M. and WAKULSKA, M. 2007 The effects of heavy metals on common carp white blood cells in vitro. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals,Baltimore, 35: 87-92.
ZAR, J. H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall:New Jersey. 663p.
BOYD, E. and TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Auburn: Auburn University. 300p.
CARNEIRO, P.C.F.; SCHORER, M.; MIKOS, J.D.2005 Tratamentos terapêuticos convencionais no controle do ectoparasita Ichthyophtirus multifiliis em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 40: 99-102.
CARVALHO, C.S. and FERNANDES, M.N. 2006 Effect of temperature on copper toxicity and hematological responses in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus scrofa at low and high pH.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 251: 109-117.
DE BOECK, G.; MEEUS, W.; DE COEN, W.; BLUST,R. 2004 Tissue-specific Cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne Cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquatic Toxicology, New York,70: 179-188.
FIGUEIREDO-FERNANDES, A.; FERREIRACARDOSO, J. V.; GARCIA-SANTOS, S.; MONTEIRO, S.M.; CARROLA, J.; MATOS, P.; FONTAÍNHAS-FERNANDES, A. 2007
Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 27: 103-109.
GRIFFIN, R.B.; DAVIS, B.K.; SCHLENK, D. 1999 Effect of simulated copper sulphate therapy stress indicators in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 11: 231-236.
GROSELL, M.; NIELSEN, C.; BIANCHINI, A. 2002 Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,New York, 133C: 287-303.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSTON, R.V.1977 Trimmed spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science & Technology, Washington, 11: 714-719. Correction:
12: 417, 1977
KRITSKY, D.C.; THATCHER, V.E.; KAYTON, R.J.1979 Neotropical Monogenoidea. 2. The
Anacanthorinae Price, 1967, with the proposal of four new species of Anacanthorus Mizelle & Price, 1965, from Amazonian fishes. Acta Amazonica, Manaus, 9: 355-361.
MATSUO, A.Y.O.; WOOD, C.M.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Effects of copper and cadmium on ion transport and gill metal binding in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in extremely soft water. Aquatic Toxicology, New York, 74:351-364.
MAZON, A.F.; MONTEIRO, E.A.S.; PINHEIRO, G.H.D.; FERNANDES, M.N. 2002 Hematological and physiological changes induced by shortterm exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 62: 621-631.
MINISTÉRIO DA PESCA E AQUICULTURA - MPA. 2010 Produção pesqueira e aquícola. Estatística 2008 e 2009. Brasília (DF), 30p.
MOLNÁR, K. and BÉKÉSI L. 1993 Description of a new Myxobolus species, M.colossomatis n. sp. from the teleost Colossoma macropomum of the Amazon River basin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Oxford, 9: 57-63.
MORAIS, A.M.; VARELLA, A.M.B; CORREA, M.A.V.; MALTA, J.C.O. 2009 A fauna de
parasitos em juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) Characidae:Serrasalminae) criados em tanques-rede em lago de várzea da Amazônia central. Biologia Geral Experimental, Manaus, 9: 14-23.
MUKHOPADHYAY, M.K. and KONAR, S.K. 1984 Toxicity of copper, zinc and iron to fish, plankton and worm. Geobios, Jodhpur, 11: 204-207.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREE, H.H. 1995a Effect of copper on blood osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 369-380.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995b Effect of copper on blood coagulation of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C:359-367.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995c Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 381-388.
PASSANTINO, L.; CIANCIOTTA, A.; PATRUNO,R.; RIBAUD, M.R.; JIRILLO, E.; PASSANTINO, G.F. 2005 Do fish thrombocytes play an immunological role? Their cytoenzymatic profiles and function during an accidental piscine candidiasis in aquarium.Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, New York, 27: 345í 356.
POYNTON, S.L.; CAMPBELL, T.W; PALM, H.W. 1997 Skin lesions in captive lemon sharks Negaprionbrevirostris (Carcharhinidae) associated with the monogenean Neodermophthirius harkemai Price, 1963 (Microbothriidae). Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms, Oldendorf, 31: 29-33.
SCHLENK, D.; GOLLON, J.L.; GRIFFIN, B.R. 1998 Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 10: 390-396.
SINGH, D.; NATH, K.; TRIVEDI, S.P.; SHARMA, Y.K. 2008 Impact of copper on hematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The Journal of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, 29:253-257.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; SANDRIN, E.F.S.; CAMPOSFILHO, E. 1999 Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. II. Leucócitos. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 16: 175-84.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES, F.R. 2003 Características hematológicas da Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)capturada em pesque-pague de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. Bioscience Journal, Uberlí¢ndia, 19:103-110.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES,F.R. 2001a Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. I. Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MORAES, F.R.; MARTINS,M.L.; KRONKA, S.N. 2001b Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. II. Metazoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 81-95.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHALCH,S.H.C.; ONAKA, E.M.; QUINTANA, C.I.F.;
MORAES, J.R.E.; MORAES, F.R. 2002 Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887(Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre (CuSO4). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24:547-554.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; LEMOS, J.R.G.; ANDRADE, S.M.S.; PEREIRA, S.L.A. 2006 Ocorrência de ectoparasitos em Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characidae) cultivados em estação de piscicultura na Amazônia Central. CIVA 2006, p.726-731. Disponível em:http://www.revistaaquatic.com/civa2006.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES F.R. 2007 Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.), with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinay Clinical Pathology, Madison, 36: 49-54.
THONEY, D.A. 1990 The effects of trichlorfon,prazquantel, and copper sulphate on various stages of the monogenean Benedeniella posterocolpa, a skin parasite of the cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus. Journal of Fish Diseases,Oxford, 13: 385-389.
VERA, M.P. and POCSIDIO, G.N. 1998 Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Science of the Total Environment, Michigan, 214: 193-202.
WILLIAMS, H.A. and WOOTTEN, R. 1981 Some effects of therapeutic levels of formalin and copper sulphate on blood parameters in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 24: 341-353.
WITESKA, M. 2005 Stress in fish. Hematological and immunological effects of heavy metals. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, Berlim, 1: 35-41.
WITESKA, M. and WAKULSKA, M. 2007 The effects of heavy metals on common carp white blood cells in vitro. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals,Baltimore, 35: 87-92.
ZAR, J. H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall:New Jersey. 663p.
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2018-11-08
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