Evaluation of different sources of carbohydrates for the biofloc system and the growth of white shrimp
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n4p831Keywords:
L.vannamei, brewery residue, Heterotrophic systemAbstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the brewery wastes and other sources of carbohydrates for the biofloc system and different densities for the growth of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight of 0,35 ± 0,05g). The experiment was performed during 55 days, using 6 treatments, each one with 3 repetitions, using two stocking densities (300 and 500 shrimp / m²) and three substrates (residue brewery, sugar cane molasses and manioc flour). The abiotic parameters were monitored daily and biometrics occurred weekly for performance evaluation. The physicochemical parameters of water were found suitable for the species, however the nitrogen compounds reached low levels, but the indexes were satisfactory, with average survival, weight gain and final body weight between 74-82; 3,5-5,0 and 4,2-5,7 , respectively. It was found that treatment with the brewery residue presented superior zootechnical parameters and also further microbial flakes formation. Treatments with lower densities have had better indexes. The results demonstrate that the productivity of flakes in the different treatments is effective as a food supplement for growing L. vannamei and for water quality, and that between the substrates, the residue brewery proves to be excellent organic compound for the bioflocs formation.
References
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OTOSHI, C. A.; NAGUWA, S. S.; FALESCH, F. C.; MOSS, S.M. 2007 Shrimp behavior may affect culture performance at super intensive stocking densities. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 67-69.
SAMOCHA, T. M.; PATNAIK, S.; SPEED, M.; ALI, A-M.; BURGER, J. M.; ALMEIDA, R. V.; AYUB. Z.; HARISANTO, M.; HOROWITZ, A.; BROCK, D. L. 2007 Use of molasses as carbon source in limited discharge nursery and grow-out systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacultural Engineering, 36, 184 í 191.
SAMOCHA, T. M.; MORRIS, T. C.; KIM, J. S.; CORREIA, E. S.; ADVENT, B. 2011 Avanços recentes na operação de raceways super-intensivos dominados por bioflocos e com renovação zero para a produção do camarão branco do pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei. Revista ABCC, 62-67.
SAS User’s guide: Statistics. 1996 SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC.
SCHVEITZER, R.; ANDREATTA, E. R.; SOUZA, J.; ARANTES, R. & SEIFFERT, W. Q. O cultivo com bioflocos. 2008 Engorda e formação de matrizes de Litopenaeus vannamei. Panorama da Aqüicultura, 107, 38-43.
SILVA, A. F. 2009 Influência da densidade de estocagem sobre o desempenho do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei durante a fase final de engorda em sistema super-intensivo.Rio Grande do Sul (Dissertação de Mestrado-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande). Disponível <http://www.repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2200> Acesso em: 15 ago. 2012.
SILVA, A. F; LARA, G. R; BALLESTER, E. C; KRUMENNAUER, D.; ABREU. P. C.; WASIELESKY, JR. W. 2013 Efeito das altas densidades de estocagem no crescimento e sobrevivência do litopenaeus vannamei na fase final de engorda , cultivados em sistemas de bioflocos (BFT). Ciência animal brasileira, 14, 279-287.
SUITA, S. M. 2009 O uso da Dextrose como fonte de carbono no desenvolvimento de bioflocos e desempenho do camarão branco (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivado em sistema sem renovacão de água. Rio Grande do Sul. (Dissertação de mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande). Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.furg.br/handle/1 /2526> Acesso em: 15 ago.2012.
WASIELESKY JR, W.; ATWOOD, H.; STOKES, AL.; BROWDY, C. L. 2006 Effect of natural production in a zero exchange suspended microbial floc based super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 258, 396 í 403.
AVNIMELECH, Y. 1999 Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 176, 227- 235.
AVNIMELECH, Y. 2007 Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bio-flocs technology ponds. Aquaculture, 264, 140-147.
BALLESTER, E. L. C.; ABREU, P. C.; CAVALLI, R. O.; EMERENCIANO, M.; ABREU, L.; WASIELESKY, W. 2010 Effect of practical diets with diferente protein levels on the performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles nursed in a zero exchang suspended microbial flocs intensive system. Aquaculture Nutrition,16, 163-172.
BALOI, M.; ARANTES, R.; SCHVEITZER, R.; MAGNOTTIC, C.; VINATEA, L. 2012 Performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in biofloc systems with varying levels of light exposure. Aquacultural Engineering, 52, 39-54.
BARBIERI, E.; DE MEDEIROS, A.M.Z.; HENRIQUES, M. B 2015. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp in culture: temperature effects. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 49(1): 19-25.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A.C.V.; DE MELO, C.B.; HENRIQUES, M. B. 2014. Nitrite toxicity to Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936, Crustacea) at different salinity levels. Aquaculture Research, 47(4): 1260-1268.
BOYD, C. E. e TEICHERT-CODDINGTON, D. 1992 Relationship between wind speed and reaeration in small aquaculture ponds. Aquacultural Engineering, 11, 121-131.
BOYD, C. E. 2001 Manejo da qualidade de água na aqüicultura e no cultivo do camarão marinho. Tradução Josemar Rodrigues. Recife: ABCC, 157p
BURFORD, M. A.; THOMPSON, P. J.; McINTOSH, R. P.; BAUMAN, R. H.; PEARSON, D. C. 2003 Nutrient and microbial dynamics in highintensity, zeroexchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Aquaculture, 219, 393-411.
BURFORD, M. A., THOMPSON, P. J., MCINTOSH, R. P., BAUMAN, R. H., PEARSON, D.C. 2004 The contribution of flocculated material to shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) nutrition in a high-intensity, zero exchange system. Aquaculture,232, 525í 537.
CRAB, R., AVNIMELECH Y., DEFOIRDT, P. BOSSIER & VERSTRAETE, W. 2007 Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture, 270, 1-14.
CRAB, R.; CHIELENS, B.; WILLE, M.; BOSSIER, P.; VERSTRAETE, W. 2010 The efect of diferent carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs, a feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergiipost larvae. Aquaculture Research,41, 559-567.
DUBE, M. A.; TREMBLAY, A. Y.; LIU, J. 2007 Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor. Bioresource. Technology.98, 639í 647.
FOCKHEN, U.; SCHLECHTRIEM, C.; GARC, A.; PUELLO-CRUZ, A.; BECKER, K. 2006 Panagrellus
redivivus mass produced on solid media as live food for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Aquaculture Research, 37, 1429-1436.
FÓES, G. K.; FRÓES, C.; KRUMMENAUER, D. et al. 2011 Nursery of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in biofloc technology culture system: survival and growth at different stocking densities, Journal of Shelfish Research, 30, 367-373.
GERON, L. J. V. e ZEOULA, L. M. 2005 Silagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria: uma alternativa na alimentação de vacas leiteiras. PUBVET, 1, 1982-1263.
HARGREAVES, J. A. 2006 Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquaculture Engineering, 34, 344í 363.
JORY, D. E. 2001 Feed management practices for a healthy pond environment. In: Browdy, C.L., Jory, D.E. (Eds.), The New Wave, Proceedings of the Special Session on Sustainable Shrimp Culture, Aquaculture. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, USA, 118í 143.
KRUMMENAUER, D.; PEIXOTO, S.; CAVALLI, R. O.; POERSCH, L.E.; WASIELESKY, W. 2011 Superintensive Culture of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in a Biofloc Technology System in Southern Brazil at Different Stocking Densities. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,42, 726-733.
LIN, Y.C. e CHEN, J.C. 2003 Acute toxicity of nitrite on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) juveniles at different salinity levels. Aquaculture, 224, 193-201.
LI, E.; CHEN, L.; ZENG. C.; CHEN, X.; YU, N.; LAI, Q.; QIN, J.G. 2007 Growth, body composition, respiration and ambient ammonia nitrogen tolerance of the juvenile white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at different salinities. Aquaculture, 265,385í 390.
MCINTOSH, D.; SAMOCHA, T. M.; JONES, E.R.; LAWRENCE, A.L.; MCKEE, D. A.; HOROWITZ, S. & HOROWITZ, A. 2000 The effect of a commercial bacterial supplement on the high-density culturing of Litopenaeus vannamei with a low-protein diet in an outdoor tank system and no water exchange. Aquacultural Engineering, 21, 215-227.
MOSS, S. M.; OTOSHI, C. A.; MONTGOMERY, A. D.; MATSUDA, E. M. 2002 Recirculating Aquaculture
Systems for the Production of Market-Sized Shrimp In: Proceedings o the 4 International conference Recirculating Aquaculture. Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg. 245-254.
NEAL, R. S., COYLE, S. D.; TIDWELL, J. H. 2010 Evaluation of stocking density and light level on the growth and survival of the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in zero-exchange systems. Journal of the Word Aquaculture Society, 41, 4, 533-544.
OEHMEN, A.; YUAN, Z.; BLACKALL, L. L.; KELLER, J. 2004 Short-termeffects of carbon source on the competition of polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms. WaterScience Technology, 50, 139í 144.
OTOSHI, C. A.; NAGUWA, S. S.; FALESCH, F. C.; MOSS, S.M. 2007 Shrimp behavior may affect culture performance at super intensive stocking densities. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 67-69.
SAMOCHA, T. M.; PATNAIK, S.; SPEED, M.; ALI, A-M.; BURGER, J. M.; ALMEIDA, R. V.; AYUB. Z.; HARISANTO, M.; HOROWITZ, A.; BROCK, D. L. 2007 Use of molasses as carbon source in limited discharge nursery and grow-out systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacultural Engineering, 36, 184 í 191.
SAMOCHA, T. M.; MORRIS, T. C.; KIM, J. S.; CORREIA, E. S.; ADVENT, B. 2011 Avanços recentes na operação de raceways super-intensivos dominados por bioflocos e com renovação zero para a produção do camarão branco do pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei. Revista ABCC, 62-67.
SAS User’s guide: Statistics. 1996 SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC.
SCHVEITZER, R.; ANDREATTA, E. R.; SOUZA, J.; ARANTES, R. & SEIFFERT, W. Q. O cultivo com bioflocos. 2008 Engorda e formação de matrizes de Litopenaeus vannamei. Panorama da Aqüicultura, 107, 38-43.
SILVA, A. F. 2009 Influência da densidade de estocagem sobre o desempenho do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei durante a fase final de engorda em sistema super-intensivo.Rio Grande do Sul (Dissertação de Mestrado-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande). Disponível <http://www.repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2200> Acesso em: 15 ago. 2012.
SILVA, A. F; LARA, G. R; BALLESTER, E. C; KRUMENNAUER, D.; ABREU. P. C.; WASIELESKY, JR. W. 2013 Efeito das altas densidades de estocagem no crescimento e sobrevivência do litopenaeus vannamei na fase final de engorda , cultivados em sistemas de bioflocos (BFT). Ciência animal brasileira, 14, 279-287.
SUITA, S. M. 2009 O uso da Dextrose como fonte de carbono no desenvolvimento de bioflocos e desempenho do camarão branco (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivado em sistema sem renovacão de água. Rio Grande do Sul. (Dissertação de mestrado - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande). Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.furg.br/handle/1 /2526> Acesso em: 15 ago.2012.
WASIELESKY JR, W.; ATWOOD, H.; STOKES, AL.; BROWDY, C. L. 2006 Effect of natural production in a zero exchange suspended microbial floc based super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 258, 396 í 403.
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2016-12-30
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