Toxicity, freezing and cold storage tests of native species semen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n3p334Keywords:
caridea, cryopreservation, cryoprotectants, glycerol, methanol, shrimpAbstract
In the first part of this study, toxicity tests were performed on the sperm of Macrobrachium acanthurus using four cryoprotectants for periods of 10 and 20 min at concentrations of 10 and 20%. In the second part, cryopreservation was performed by applying the least toxic cryoprotectant, and two freezing methods were tested over 24 hours: automated (protocols A and B) and conventional (protocols C and D). Protocol A exhibited a cooling rate of 0.5°C min-1 from -6°C to -32°C; protocol B was similar to A except for the starting temperature, which was room temperature; whereas protocols C and D exhibited a cooling rate of 2 and 10°C min-1 respectively. The third part of the study was conducted to assess the lifespan of the sperm when stored at 5°C, in which sperm viability was evaluated by a semen smear with eosin-nigrosin. The least toxic cryoprotectants were 10 and 20% glycerol and 10% methanol, and the equilibrium time was 10 minutes. The optimal cooling rate was 2°C min-1 for 10% glycerol, which had a sperm survival rate of 21.8%. Cold storage for up to 3 days is recommended, presenting a sperm survival rate of 35.3%.
References
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(Penaeus japonicus) embryos, nauplii and zoea. Theriogenology, 49(7): 1289-1299.
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JEYALACTUMIE, C.; SUBRAMONIAM, T. 1989 Cryopreservation of spermatophores and seminal plasma of the edible crab Scylla serrata. Biological Bulletin, 177(2): 247-253.
KASAI, M. 1996 Simple and efficient methods for vitrification of mammalian embryos. Animal
Reproduction Science, 42(1-4): 67-75.
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impacts (Macaé, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasileira, 14(1): 71-80.
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ANGOLA, A.P. 1994 Physiological aspects about semen freezing. Revista Veterinaria México, 25(3):
207-201.
BAMBOZZI, A.; MATTOS, L.A.; MELLO, M.R.B.; OSHIRO, L.M.Y. 2014 Post-mortem spermatophore and sperm cryopreservation of the white shrimp Litopenaeus schimitti. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(1): 49-60.
BEHLMER, S.; BROWN, G. 1984 Viability of cryopreserved spermatozoa of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus L. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 7(3): 193-199.
BEIRÃO, J.; ROBLES, V.; HERRÁEZ, M.P.; SARASQUETE, C.; DINIS, M.T.; CABRITA, E. 2006 Cryoprotectant microinjection toxicity and chilling sensitivity in gilthead seabream (Sparus
aurata) embryos. Aquaculture, 261(3): 897-903.
BENSON, J.D.; WOODS, E.J.; WALTERS, E.M.; CRITSER, J.K. 2012 The cryobiology of spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 78(8): 1682-1699.
BHAVANISHANKAR, S.; SUBRAMONIAM, T. 1997 Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the edible mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal). Journal of Experimental Zoology, 277(4): 326-336.
BRAILOVSKY, G.S.P.; GALERA, E.S. 1997 Osmoregulatory performance of Macrobrachium tenellum and Macrobrachium acanthurus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in different salinities. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45(3): 1085-1091.
CARVALHO, H.A. 1980 Morphology of the reproductive system of Macrobrachium acanthurus
(Wiegmann, 1863) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Part I í Male. Ciência e Cultura,
32(1): 73-79.
CASTELO BRANCO, T.; BAMBOZZI, A.; MELLO, M.R.B.; OSHIRO, L.M.Y. 2014 Cryopreservation
and sperm storage of the white shrimp. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 40(1): 17-22.
CHOUDHURY, P.C. 1969 Complete larval development of the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium
acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836), reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 18(2): 113-132.
CHOW, S. 1982 Artificial insemination using preserved spermatophores in the palaemonid
shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 48(12):
1693-1695.
CHOW, S.; TAKI, Y.; OGASAWARA, Y. 1985 Cryopreservation of spermatophore of the fresh water shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Biological Bulletin, 168(3): 471-475.
COTORELLO, A.C.P.; HENRY, M. 2002 Principles of cryopreservation, freezing and evaluation
of equine semen (Literature Review). Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 26(1): 14-25.
DE LEEUW, F.E.; DE LEEUW, A.M.; DEN DAAS, J.H.G.; COLENBRANDER, D.; VERKLEIJ, A.J. 1993 Effects of various cryoprotective agents and membrane-stabilizing compounds off bull sperm membrane integrity after cooling and freezing. Cryobiology, 30(1): 32-44.
DENNISTON, R.; MICHELET, S.; GODKE, R.A. 2000 Principles of cryopreservation. In: TIERSCH,
T.R. AND MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in aquatic species, World Aquaculture Society: Baton
Rouge, USA. p. 59-74.
DIWAN, A.D.; JOSEPH, S. 1999 Cryopreservation of spermatophores of the marine shrimp, Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 46(2): 159-166.
FAHY, G.M. 1986 The relevance of cryoprotectant "toxicity†to cryobiology. Cryobiology, 23(1): 1-13.
FAHY, G.M. 2010 Cryoprotectant toxicity neutralization. Cryobiology, 60(3): 45-53.
FAHY, G.M.; LILLEY, T.H.; LINSDELL, H.; DOUGLAS, M.St.J.; MERYMAN, H.T. 1990 Cryoprotectant toxicity and cryoprotectant toxicity reduction: in search of molecular mechanisms. Cryobiology, 27(3): 247-268.
GWO, J.C. 2000 Cryopresevation of aquatic invertebrate semen: a review. Aquaculture Research, 31(3): 259-271.
GWO, J.C.; LIN, C.H. 1998 Preliminary experiments on the cryopreservation of Penaeid shrimp
(Penaeus japonicus) embryos, nauplii and zoea. Theriogenology, 49(7): 1289-1299.
HAMMERSTEDT, R.H.; GRAHAN, J.K. 1992 Cryopreservation of poultry sperm: the enigma of glycerol. Cryobiology, 29(1): 26-38.
HARVEY, B.; ASHWOOD-SMITH, M.J. 1982 Cryoprotectant penetration and supercooling in the eggs of salmonid fishes. Cryobiology, 19(1): 29-40.
HARVEY, B.; CAROLSFELD, J. 1993 Preservation of sperm. In: HARVEY, B. AND CAROLSFELD,J. Induced breeding in tropical fish culture, Otawa: International Development Research Center. p.
119-130.
HOLT, W.V. 2000 Fundamental aspects of sperm cryobiology: the importance of species and individual references. Theriogenology, 53(1): 47-58.
HOLT, W.V.; HEAD, M.F.; NORTH, R.D. 1992 Freeze-induced membrane in ram spermatozoa
is manifested after thawing: observations with experimental cryomicroscopy. Biology of Reproduction, 43(6): 1086-1094.
ISHIDA, T.; TALBOT, P.; KOODA-CISCO, M. 1986 Technique for the long-term storage of lobster
(Homarus) spermatophores. Gamete Research, 14(3): 183-195.
JEYALACTUMIE, C.; SUBRAMONIAM, T. 1989 Cryopreservation of spermatophores and seminal plasma of the edible crab Scylla serrata. Biological Bulletin, 177(2): 247-253.
KASAI, M. 1996 Simple and efficient methods for vitrification of mammalian embryos. Animal
Reproduction Science, 42(1-4): 67-75.
LEITE, T.G.; VALE FILHO, V.R.; ARRUDA, R.P.; ANDRADE, A.F.C.; EMERICK, L.L.; ZAFFALON, F.G.; MARTINS, J.A.; DE ANDRADE, V.J. 2010 Effects of extender and equilibration time on post-thaw motility and membrane integrity of cryopreserved Gyr bull semen evaluated by CASA and flow cytometry. Animal Reproduction Science, 120(1-4): 31-8.
LEZCANO, M.; GRANJA, C.; SALAZAR, M. 2004 The use of flow cytometry in the evaluation
of cell viability of cryopreserved sperm of the marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Cryobiology, 48(3): 349-356.
MADEIRA, V.L.H.; MONTEIRO, C.L.B.; BARBOSA, C.C. 2010 Effect of different thawing protocols
on canine semen cryopreserved in a powdered coconut water extender (ACP-106®). Ciência
Animal Brasielira, 11(4): 845-852.
MAZUR, P. 1984 Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications. American Journal of Physiology í Cell Physiology, 247(3): 125-142.
MAZUR, P.; LEIBO, S.P.; CHU, E.H. 1972 A twofactor hypothesis of freezing injury. Evidence
from Chinese hamster tissue-culture cells. Experimental Cell Research, 71(2): 345-355.
MCLAUGHLIN, E.A.; FORD, W.C.L.; HULL, M.G.R. 1992 The contribution of the toxity of a glycerol-egg yolk-citrate cryopreservative to the decline in human sperm motility during cryopreservation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 95(3): 749-754.
MEDEIROS, C.M.; FORELL, F.; OLIVEIRA, A.T.; RODRIGUES, J.L. 2002 Current status of sperm cryopreservation: why isn’t better. Theriogenology, 57(1): 327-344.
MELO, G.A.S. 2003 Family Palaemonidae. In: MELO, G.A.S. Guide for identification of freshwater
Crustacea Decapoda in Brazil, São Paulo: Loyola, Brazil. p. 317-398.
MERYMAN, H.T.; WILLIAMS, R.J.; DOUGLAS, M.St.J. 1977 Freezing injury from "solution
effects†and its prevention by natural or artificial cryoprotection. Cryobiology, 14(3): 287-302.
MORAES, C.N.; NEVES, J.P.; GONí"¡ALVES, P.B.D.; OLIVEIRA, J.F.C.; SCHWEITZER, C.M. 1998 Ethylene glycol for freezing ram semen in pellets. Ciência Rural, 28(2): 287-292.
MOREIRA, G.S.; McNAMARA, J.C.; MOREIRA, P.S. 1986 The effect of salinity on the upper thermal limits of survival and metamorphosis during larval development in Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana, 50(3): 231-328.
MíÅ“LLER, Y.M.; BRESSAN, C.M.; NAZARI, E.M. 1992 Information about fecundity of Macrobrachium
acanthurus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in the Capivari river, Ingleses beach, Florianópolis/
SC. Biotemas, 5(1): 123-132.
NEWTON, S.S.; SUBRAMONIAM, T. 1996 Cryoprotectant toxicity in Penaeid prawn embryos. Cryobiology, 33(1): 172-177.
NIEMANN, H. 1991 Cryopreservation of ova and embryos from livestock: current status and
research needs. Theriogenology, 35(1): 109-124.
NIMRAT, S.; SIRIBOONLAMOM, S.; ZHANG, S.; XU, Y.; VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V. 2006 Chilled
storage of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) spermatophores. Aquaculture, 261(3): 944-951.
PANIAGUA-CHAVEZ, C.G.; TIERSCH, T.R. 2001 Laboratory studies of cryopreservation of sperm
and trochophore larvae of the Eastern oyster. Cryobiology, 43(3): 211-223.
PARKS, E.J.; GRAHAM, J.K. 1992 Effects of cryopreservation procedures on sperm membranas. Theriogenology, 38(2): 209-222.
PEí"˜A, A.; LINDE-FORSBERG, C. 2000 Effects of Equex, one- or two-step dilution, and two
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