Different densities in whiteleg shrimp culture using bioflocs and well water in subtropical climate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.44.4.324Keywords:
Litopenaeus vannamei, intensification, temperatureAbstract
In the last years, there is a strong tendency to produce marine shrimp in biofloc technology. This system promotes the increase of stocking densities using smaller areas. In addition, the use of well water can also be an alternative for farms off the coast. In subtropical areas, the temperature is a very important parameter to be considered, because it can reduce the culture period in ponds. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of production of Litopenaeus vannamei, comparing two stocking densities (100 and 150 shrimp m-2), use biofloc technology and well water. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2011 (105 days) at the Marine Station of Aquaculture (EMA/FURG), located at Rio Grande city (RS), Southern Brazil. Three replicates ponds (600 m2 area each one) were used for both stocking density (post larvae 0.08 ± 0.03 g - PL 40). The water quality parameters and ionic composition of well water were within acceptable range for the L. vannamei. In the shrimp performance, the low FCR in both treatments can be attributed to the consumption of microbial flocs by the shrimp. The stocking densities showed statistical differences in productivity: 9,748 and 13,860 kg ha- 1 for the treatments 100 and 150 shrimp m-2, respectively. Although the water temperature decreased in the last two weeks (19.4 °C), the survival was 97 % (100 shrimp m-2) and 88 % (150 shrimp m-2). In southern Brazil, the stocking densities 100 and 150 shrimp m-2 were suitable showing efficient values of growth, survival and feed conversion of shrimps. However, the density of 150 shrimp m-2 was more profitable due to its higher productivity. In this study, ionic ratio was lower than the values of seawater, but it did not affect the shrimp performance. With respect to location, it should be taken into account that climatic conditions in this area allow shrimp culture in ponds during the warmest months.
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GAONA, C.A.P.; POERSCH, L.H.; KRUMMENAUER, D.; FÓES, G.K.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2011. The Effect of Solids Removal on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of Litopenaeus vannamei in a Biofloc Technology Culture System. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture, 12(1): 54-73.
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GILLES, R.; PEQUEUX, A. 1983 Interactions of chemical and osmotic regulation with the environment. In: VERNBERG, F.J; VERNBERG, W. B. (Eds.). The Biology of Crustacea: Environmental adaptations. New York: Academic Press. p. 109-177.
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GUNALAN, B.; SOUNDARAPANDIAN, P.; KUMARAN, R.; ANAND, T.; KOTIYA, A.S.; MAHESWRAN, C.; PUSHPARAI, N. 2011 Growth of Cultured White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) In Different Stocking Density. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2(3): 107-113.
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HARGREAVES, J.A. 2013 Biofloc production systems for aquaculture. Southern regional aquaculture center, Publication No. 4503. 01-11.
HOU, C.; WANG, F.; DONG, S.; ZHU, Y.; YU, T. 2012 Effects of constant Ca2+ concentration in salinity fluctuations on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture International, 20(1): 177-188.
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KRUMMENAUER, D.; PEIXOTO, S.; CAVALLI, R.O.; POERSCH, L.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2011 Superintensive Culture of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in a Biofloc Technology System in Southern Brazil at Different Stocking Densities. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(5): 726-733.
KUMLU, M.; AKTAS, M.; EROLDOGAN, O.T. 2003. Pond culture of Penaeus semisulcatus in subtropical conditions of Turkiye. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20(3í 4): 367í 372.
LIU, H.; TAN, B.; YANG, J.; LIN, Y.; CHI, S.; DONG, X.; YANG, Q. 2014 Effect of various Na/K ratios in low-salinity well water on growth performance and physiological response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 32(5): 991-999.
LIU G.; ZHU, S.; LIU, D.; GUO, X.; YE, Z. 2017 Effects of stocking density of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) on immunities, antioxidant status, and resistance against Vibrio harveyi in a biofloc system. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 67(1): 19-26.
MÁRQUEZ, J.Q.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; VINATEA, L.; OLIVERA, A.; BRITO, L.O. 2012 Efeito da densidade de estocagem nos parí¢metros zootécnicos da criação de camarões Litopenaeus schmitti. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38(2): 145-153.
McINTOSH, R.P. 1999 Changing paradigms in shrimp farming: 1. General description. The Advocate. The Global Aquaculture Alliance. August/October. 2(4-5): 42-45.
MENA-HERRERA, A.; GUTIERREZ-CORONA, C.; LINAN-CABELLO, M.; SUMANO-LOPEZ, H. 2006 Effects of Stocking Densities on Growth of the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Earthen Ponds. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 58(3): 205-213.
NUNES A.J.P.; ROCHA I.P. 2015 Overview and latest developments in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture in Northeast Brazil. The World Aquaculture Society, June p. 10-17.
O’BRIEN, C.J. 1994 The effects of temperature and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile prawns Penaeus esculentus (Haswell). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 183(1): 133í 145.
OTOSHI, C.A.; NAGUWA, S.S.; FALESCH, F.C.; MOSS, S.M. 2007 Shrimp behavior may affect culture performance at super intensive stocking densities. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 10(2): 67í 69.
PEIXOTO, S.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; LOUZADA L.J. 2003 Comparative Analysis of Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis, and Pacific White Shrimp, in Extreme Southern Brazil. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 14(1-2): 101-111.
POERSCH, L.; ALMEIDA, M.; GAONA, C.A.P.; FURTADO, P.S.; FÓES, G.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2012 Bioflocos: alternativa econômica viável para produtores de camarões em viveiros. Panorama da aquicultura, 22(131): 36-43.
PONTES, C.S. 2006 Padrão de deslocamento do camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) nas fases clara e escura ao longo de 24 horas. Revista Brasileira de zoologia, 23(1): 223-227.
REGO, M.A.S.; SABBAG, O.J.; SOARES, R.; PEIXOTO, S. 2017 Risk analysis of the insertion of biofloc technology in a marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei production in a farm in Pernambuco, Brazil: A case study. Aquaculture, 469: 67í 71.
ROCHA, I.; MENDONí"¡A, C. 2015 Domestic market for farmed shrimp in Brazil (Improved practices, rising demand alter industry) Global Aquaculture Advocate, March/April 44-46.
ROY, L.A.; DAVIS, D.A.; SAOUD, I.P.; BOYD, C.A.; PINE, H.J.; BOYD, C.E. 2010 Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2(4): 191-208.
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2018-12-26
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