DIFERENTES DENSIDADES EM CULTIVO DO CAMARÃO BRANCO USANDO BIOFLOCOS E ÁGUA DE SUBSOLO EM CLIMA SUBTROPICAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.44.4.324Palavras-chave:
Litopenaeus vannamei, intensificação, temperaturaResumo
Nos últimos anos, há uma forte tendência para produção de camarões marinhos em sistema de bioflocos. Este sistema favorece o aumento das densidades de estocagem utilizando menores áreas. Além disso, o uso de água de subsolo também pode ser uma alternativa para empreendimentos afastados do litoral. Em áreas subtropicais a temperatura é um importante parí¢metro a ser considerado, pois pode reduzir o período de cultivo em viveiros. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da produção de Litopenaeus vannamei, comparando duas densidades de estocagem (100 e 150 camarões m-2), utilizando bioflocos e água do subsolo. O experimento foi realizado entre janeiro a abril de 2011 (105 dias) na Estação Marinha de Aquacultura (EMA/FURG), localizada na cidade do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. Os camarões foram estocados em viveiros de 600 m² com pós-larvas de 0,08 ± 0,03 g (PL 40), sendo utilizadas três réplicas para cada tratamento. Os parí¢metros de qualidade da água e composição iônica estavam dentro dos limites aceitáveis para L. vannamei. No desempenho zootécnico, a conversão alimentar em ambos os tratamentos pode ser atribuída pelo consumo de flocos microbianos pelos camarões. As densidades apresentaram diferença significativa na produtividade: 9.748 e 13.860 kg ha- 1 para 100 e 150 camarões m-2, respectivamente. Embora a temperatura da água tenha diminuído nas duas últimas semanas (19,4 °C), a sobrevivência foi 97 % (100 camarões m-2) e 88 % (150 camarões m-2). No sul do Brasil, as densidades testadas 100 e 150 camarões m-2 foram adequadas apresentando valores eficientes de crescimento, sobrevivência e conversão alimentar dos camarões. No entanto, a densidade de 150 camarões m-2 foi mais rentável devido í alta produtividade. Neste estudo, a relação iônica foi mais baixa do que os valores da água do mar, mas isto não afetou o desempenho zootécnico dos animais. Em relação í localização, deve-se levar em consideração que as condições climáticas nesta área possibilitam cultivo de camarão em viveiros durante os meses mais quentes.
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GAONA, C.A.P.; POERSCH, L.H.; KRUMMENAUER, D.; FÓES, G.K.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2011. The Effect of Solids Removal on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of Litopenaeus vannamei in a Biofloc Technology Culture System. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture, 12(1): 54-73.
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HARGREAVES, J.A. 2013 Biofloc production systems for aquaculture. Southern regional aquaculture center, Publication No. 4503. 01-11.
HOU, C.; WANG, F.; DONG, S.; ZHU, Y.; YU, T. 2012 Effects of constant Ca2+ concentration in salinity fluctuations on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture International, 20(1): 177-188.
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KIM, S.K.; PANG, Z., SEO, H.C., CHO, Y.R., SAMOCHA, T., JANG, I.K. 2014 Effect of bioflocs on growth and immune activity of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture Research, 45(2): 362í 371.
KRUMMENAUER, D.; WASIELESKY W.J.; CAVALLI, R.O.; PEIXOTO, S.; ZOGBI, P.R. 2006 Viabilidade do cultivo do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea: Decapoda) em gaiolas sob diferentes densidades durante o outono no sul do Brasil. Ciência Rural, 36(1): 252-257.
KRUMMENAUER, D.; PEIXOTO, S.; CAVALLI, R.O.; POERSCH, L.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2011 Superintensive Culture of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in a Biofloc Technology System in Southern Brazil at Different Stocking Densities. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(5): 726-733.
KUMLU, M.; AKTAS, M.; EROLDOGAN, O.T. 2003. Pond culture of Penaeus semisulcatus in subtropical conditions of Turkiye. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20(3í 4): 367í 372.
LIU, H.; TAN, B.; YANG, J.; LIN, Y.; CHI, S.; DONG, X.; YANG, Q. 2014 Effect of various Na/K ratios in low-salinity well water on growth performance and physiological response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 32(5): 991-999.
LIU G.; ZHU, S.; LIU, D.; GUO, X.; YE, Z. 2017 Effects of stocking density of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) on immunities, antioxidant status, and resistance against Vibrio harveyi in a biofloc system. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 67(1): 19-26.
MÁRQUEZ, J.Q.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; VINATEA, L.; OLIVERA, A.; BRITO, L.O. 2012 Efeito da densidade de estocagem nos parí¢metros zootécnicos da criação de camarões Litopenaeus schmitti. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 38(2): 145-153.
McINTOSH, R.P. 1999 Changing paradigms in shrimp farming: 1. General description. The Advocate. The Global Aquaculture Alliance. August/October. 2(4-5): 42-45.
MENA-HERRERA, A.; GUTIERREZ-CORONA, C.; LINAN-CABELLO, M.; SUMANO-LOPEZ, H. 2006 Effects of Stocking Densities on Growth of the Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Earthen Ponds. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 58(3): 205-213.
NUNES A.J.P.; ROCHA I.P. 2015 Overview and latest developments in shrimp and tilapia aquaculture in Northeast Brazil. The World Aquaculture Society, June p. 10-17.
O’BRIEN, C.J. 1994 The effects of temperature and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile prawns Penaeus esculentus (Haswell). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 183(1): 133í 145.
OTOSHI, C.A.; NAGUWA, S.S.; FALESCH, F.C.; MOSS, S.M. 2007 Shrimp behavior may affect culture performance at super intensive stocking densities. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 10(2): 67í 69.
PEIXOTO, S.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; LOUZADA L.J. 2003 Comparative Analysis of Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis, and Pacific White Shrimp, in Extreme Southern Brazil. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 14(1-2): 101-111.
POERSCH, L.; ALMEIDA, M.; GAONA, C.A.P.; FURTADO, P.S.; FÓES, G.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2012 Bioflocos: alternativa econômica viável para produtores de camarões em viveiros. Panorama da aquicultura, 22(131): 36-43.
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2018-12-26
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Nota científica (Short Communication)
