SOURCES OF LIPIDS IN DIETS FOR SILVER CATFISH (Rhamdia quelen) JUVENILES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.2.465Keywords:
Fatty acids, aquaculture, fish nutrition, Rhamdia quelenAbstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate different lipid sources in diets for silver catfish juveniles regarding aspects of productive performance, centesimal composition, hepatic histology, biochemical responses, and oxidative stress. A total of 300 juveniles with an initial mean weight of 18.45 ± 1.22g were distributed in 20 net-pens of 1m3, arranged in a 200 m2 masonry tank, for a period of 90 days. The experimental diets were isoprotein (29.05% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (3,250 kcal.kg-1), containing different sources of oils (soybean, sunflower, fish, canola and olive) at a concentration of 3.0%. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and the means, when significant, were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance level. Visceral fat index was higher for fish fed diets containing sunflower oil (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.05) were observed for the variables of productive performance, centesimal composition, and blood biochemistry. A difference (P<0.05) was observed in hepatic histology, where the treatment with soybean oil had a higher number of hepatocytes. The animals fed with fish oil had a higher TBARS lipid peroxidation and a higher GST enzyme activity (P<0.05). Therefore, the different lipid sources can be used to feed this species without any damage to productive performance. It is not advisable to include sunflower oil, as it provides greater deposition of visceral fat.
References
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Bolla, S.; Nicolaisen, O.; Amim, A. 2011.Liver alterations induced by long term feeding on comercial diets in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) females. Histological and biochemical aspects. Aquaculture, 312: 117-125. http://dx.doi.org/j.aquaculture.2010.12.019.
Bombardelli, R.A.; Hayashi, C.; Natali, M.R.M.; Sanches, E.A.; Piana, P.A. 2009. Desempenho reprodutivo e zootécnico e deposição de lipídios nos hepatócitos de fêmeas de tilápia-do-nilo alimentadas com rações de diversos níveis energéticos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(8): 1391-1399.
Borges, A.; Scotti, L.V.; Siqueira, D.R.; Jurinitz, D.F.; Wassermann, G.F. 2004. Hematologic and serum biochemical values for jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 30: 21-25.
Bosisio, F.; Rezende, K.F.O.; Barbieri, E. 2017. Alterations in the hematological parameters of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to different salinities. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 12(2): 146-154.
Brancroft, J.D.; Gramble, M. 2002. Theory and practice of histological techiniques. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 796p.
Bruslé, J.; Anadon, G.G. 1996. "The structure and function of fish liverâ€Â. In Fish
Morphology, Science Publishers, pp 77-93.
Buege, J.A.; Aust, S.D. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation, Methods in Enzymology, 52: 302-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6.
Caballero, M.J.; López-Calero, G.; Socorro, J.; Roo, F.J.; Izquierdo, M.S.; Férnandez, A.J. 1999. Combined effect of lipid level and fish meal quality on liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 179: 277-290.
Caballero, M.J.; Lopez-Calero, G; Socorro, J.; Roo, F.J.; Izquierdo, M.S.; Fernandez, A.J. 2004. Histological alterations in the liver of sea bream, Sparus aurata L., caused by short- or long-term feeding with vegetabe oils. Recovery of normal morphology after feeding fish oil as the sole lipid source. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27: 531-541.
Carneiro, P.C.F.; Bendhack, F. Mikos, J.D. 2003.Processamento: o jundiá como matéria prima. Panorama da Aquicultura, 13: 17-21.
Costa, R.F.R.; Santos, I.F.; Santana, A.P.; Tortelly, R.N.; Elmiro, R.F.; Rubens, T.C.; Eulógio, C.Q.; Menezes, R.C. 2012. Caracterização das lesões por Cysticercus bovis, na inspeção post mortem de bovinos, pelos exames macroscópio, histopatológico e pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 32(6): 477-484.
Ellman, G.L. 1959.Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 82(1): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6.
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome, 210p.
Fracalossi, D.M.; Meyer, G.; Santamaria, F.M.; Weingartner, M.; Filho, E.Z. 2004. Desempenho do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, e do dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, em viveiros de terra na região sul do Brasil. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 26(3): 345-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v26i3.1806.
Gomes, L.C.; Chippari-Gomes, A.R.; Lopes, N.P.; Roubach, R.; Araujo-Lima, C.A.R.M. 2001. Efficacy benzocaine as anesthetic in Juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32(4): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00470.x.
Haliloǧlu, H.İ.; Bayir, A.; Sirkecioǧlu, A.N.; Aras N.M.; Atamanalp, M. 2004. Comparison of fatty acid composition in some tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) living in seawater and freshwater. Food Chemistry, 86(1): 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.028.
IBGE, 2016. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2016. Produção da Pecuária Municipal. Brasil, 53p.
Lehninger, A.L.; Nelson, D.L.; Cox, M.M. 2011. Princípios de Bioquímica. 3. Ed. São Paulo: Sarvier. 975p.
Leonard, A.E.; Pereira, S.L.; Sprecher, H.; Huang, Y.S. 2004. Elongation of long-chain fatty acids. Progress in lipid research, 43(1): 36-54. http://doi:10.1016/S0163-7827(03)00040-7.
Li, M.H.; Minchew, C.D.; Oberle, D.F.; Robinson, E.H. 2010. Evaluation of glycerol from biodiesel production as a feed ingredient for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41: 130í 136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00320.x.
Li, J.Y.; Zhang, D.D.; Xu, W.N.; Jiang, G.Z.; Zhang, C.N.; Li, X.F.; Liu, W.B. 2014. Effects of dietary choline supplementation on growth performance and hepatic lipid transport in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed high-fat diets. Aquaculture, 434: 340-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.08.006.
Losekann, M.E.; Radünz, N.J.; Emanuelli, T.; Araújo, P.F.; Lazzari. R.; Taffarel Bergamin, G.; Simões, R.S. 2008. Alimentação do jundiá com dietas contendo óleos de arroz, canola ou soja. Ciência Rural, 38(1): 225-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-4782008000100036.
Lui, T.A.; Freitas, J.M.A.; Bittencourt, F.; Dallagnol, J.M.;Neu, D.H.; Boscolo, W.R. 2017. Índice de acidez do óleo de peixe na nutrição de alevinos de tilápia. Revista Agrarian, 11(40): 174-180. https://doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v11i40.6702.
Martino, R.C.; Cyrino, J.E.P.; Portz, L.; Trugo, L.C. 2002. Performance fatty acid composition of surubum (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) fed diets with animal and plant lipid. Aquaculture, 209: 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00847-x.
Menoyo, D.; Lopez-Bote, C.J.; Bautista, J.M.; Obach, A. 2003. Growth, digestibility and fatty acid utilization in large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed varying levels of n-3 and saturated fatty acids. Aquaculture, 225(1-4): 295-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00297-7.
Meurer, F.; Hayashi, C.; Boscolo, W.R.; Soares, C.M. 2002. Lipídeos na alimentação de alevinos revertidos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31: 566-573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982002000300005.
Meyer, G.; Fracalossi, D.M. 2004.Protein requirement of jundia fingerlings, Rhamdia quelen, at two dietary energy concentrations. Aquaculture, 240(1): 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.01.034.
Motta, V.T. 2011 Bioquímica Básica. 2ª Edição, Rio de Janeiro. ED. Medbook.
Moura, G.S.; Oliveira, M.G.A.; Lanna, E.A.T. 2012. Effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) in pellet diets for Nile tilapia. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(10): 2139-2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982012001000001.
NRC- National Research Council. 2011. Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 376p.
Nelson, D.L.; Cox, M.M. 2005. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4ª edição, W. H. Freeman.
Nelson, D.P.; Kiesow, L.A. 1972. Enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase at 25 degrees C (with molar extinction coefficients of H2O2 solutions in the UV). Analytical Biochemistry, 49: 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90451-4.
Neu, D.H.; Furuya, W.M.; Boscolo, W.R.; Potrich,F.R.; LUI, T.A.; Feiden, A. 2013. Glycerol inclusion in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19: 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00968.x.
Ng, W.K.; Chong, C.Y.; Wang, Y.; Romano, N. 2013. Effects of fietary fish and vegetable oil on the growth, tissue fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and vitamin E content of red hybrid tilapia and efficacy of using fish oil finishing diets. Aquaculture, 372-375: 97-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.10.030.
Parra, J.E.G.; Radünz Neto, J.; Veiverberg, C.A.;Lazzari, R.; Bergamin, G.T.; Pedron, F.A.; Rossato, S.; Sutili, F. 2008.Alimentação de fêmeas de jundiá com fontes lipídicas e sua relação com o desenvolvimento embrionário e larval. Ciência Rural, 38(7): 2011í 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782008000700033.
Pereira, M.C.; Azevedo, R.V.T.; Braga, L.G.T. 2011. Óleos vegetais em rações para o híbrido tambacu (macho Piaractus mesopotamicus x fêmea Colossoma macropomum). Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 12(2): 551-562.
Rezende, K.F.O.; Bergami, E.; Alves, K.V.B.; Corsi, I.; Barbieri, E. 2018. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles alter routine metabolism and cause histopathological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 44(2): e343.
Salbego, J.; TONI, C.; Becker, A.G.; Zeppenfeld, C.C.; Menezes, C.C.; Loro, V.L; Heinzmann, B.M.; Baldisserotto, B. 2017. Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 77(4): 696-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.16515.
Sargent, J.R.; Tocher, D.R.; Bell, J.G. 2002. The lipidis. In: Halver, J. E. Fish Nutrition. Acadêmico Inc. Press, San Diego, CA, EUA. pp 181-257.
Satake, F.; Ishikawa, M.M.; Hisano, H.; Pádua, S.B., Tavares-Dias, M. 2009. Relação peso-comprimento, fator de condição e parí¢metros hematológicos de dourado Salminus brasiliensis cultivado em condições experimentais. Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Dourados: Embrapa. 24p.
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2019-03-26
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